We consider the portfolio choice of a government with a Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) when government revenues depend on exhaustible resources, such as oil and gas. The question is whether the SWF portfolio should underweight shares in the resource industry. Some studies have found that these share prices correlate more closely with the overall stock market than the resource price, which would seem to weaken the case for underweighting. However, equity price movements depend not only on changes in expectations of future cash flows, but also on time variation in discount factors. We analyze cash flows directly, rather than trying to disentangle these effects. We have collected cash-flow data for the companies in all of the major industries of the FTSE Global All Cap index, the basis for the strategic index of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global. Subsequently, we look at the correlations between each industry’s cash flow and the Norwegian government’s cash flow from oil and gas. We find a close, statistically significant, and persistent correlation for the oil and gas industry. The correlations for other industries are small and mostly insignificant. We believe that our findings can be used to support proposals for SWFs in countries with significant petroleum revenues to underweight shares in this industry.
Lindset, Snorre & Mork, Knut A. (2019)
Risk Taking and Fiscal Smoothing with Sovereign Wealth Funds in Advanced Economies
In an economy with a sovereign wealth fund (SWF), the government may draw on the fund to supplement other government revenues. If the fund is invested in risky assets, this introduces a new stochastic element into the government’s budget. We analyze the interaction between the draw from and risk taking in the SWF. Using non-expected utility preferences, we distinguish between intended changes and stochastic changes in the SWF draws over time. We show that the desire for smoothness in taxes and public services translates into smoothing of SWF draws and lower risk taking. It can even lead to procyclical rebalancing of the SWF portfolio. Future interest rates are associated with interest-rate risk. We show that this risk may lead to a higher optimal equity share in the SWF portfolio. Policy makers can use the draws from the SWF to smooth over time variation in risk-free rates.
Mork, Knut A. (2005)
Realrenter i en oljeeksporterende økonomi
Norsk økonomisk tidsskrift, 119, s. 68- 83.
Mork, Knut A.; Olsen, Øystein & Mysen, Hans Terje (1994)
Macroeconomic Responses to Oil Price Increases and Decreases in Seven OECD Countries
Energy Journal, 15(4), s. 19- 35.
Mork, Knut A. (1994)
Business Cycles and the Oil Market
Energy Journal, 15, s. 15- 38.
Mork, Knut A. (1993)
Living with Lobbying: A Growth Policy Co-opted by Lobbyists Can Be Better than No Growth Policy at All
The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 95(4), s. 597- 605.
Mork, Knut A. & Green, Steven L (1991)
Toward Efficiency in the Crude-Oil Market
Journal of applied econometrics, 6, s. 45- 66.
Mork, Knut A. (1990)
Forecastable money-growth revisions: a closer look at the data
Canadian Journal of Economics, XXIII(3), s. 593- 616.
Mork, Knut A. (1989)
Oil and the Macroeconomy When Prices go Up and Down: An Extension of Hamilton's Results
Journal of Political Economy, 97(3), s. 740- 744.
Mork, Knut A. & Smith, V. Kerry (1989)
Testing the Life-Cycle Hypothesis With a Norwegian Household Panel
Journal of business & economic statistics, 7(3), s. 287- 296.
Mork, Knut A. (1987)
Ain't Behavin': Forecast Errors and Measurement Errors in Early GNP Estimates
Journal of business & economic statistics, 5(2), s. 165- 175.
Mork, Knut A. & Gilbert, Richard J (1986)
Efficient Pricing During Oil Supply Disruptions
Energy Journal, 7(2), s. 51- 68.
Mork, Knut A. (1985)
Flexibility in Intercommodity Substitution May Sharpen Price Fluctuations
Quarterly Journal of Economics, s. 447- 463.
Mork, Knut A. (1985)
Taxation as a Protection Against the Effects of Price Fluctuations: The Case of Oil
Energy Journal, 6, s. 73- 87.
Mork, Knut A. (1985)
Factor Substitution, Rational Expectations, and the Effects of Commodity Price Shocks on Employment and Investment
Economic Inquiry, XXIII, s. 507- 524.
Mork, Knut A. & Gilbert, Richard J (1984)
Will Oil Market Tighten Again? A Survey of Policies to Manage Possible Oil Supply Disruptions
Journal of Policy Modeling, 6(1), s. 111- 142.
Mork, Knut A. (1982)
Electricity Demand in Primary Aluminum Smelting
Energy Journal, 3(3), s. 71- 94.
Mork, Knut A. & Hall, Robert E (1980)
Energy Prices and the U.S. Economy in 1979-1981
Energy Journal, 1(2), s. 41- 53.
Mork, Knut A. & Hall, Robert E (1980)
Energy Prices, Inflation, and Recessions, 1974-1975
Energy Journal, 1(3), s. 31- 63.
Mork, Knut A. (1975)
Income Tax Evasion: Some Empirical Evidence
Public Finance/Finances Publiques, XXX(1), s. 70- 76.
Mork, Knut A. (2019)
Vi trenger venner--verden blir mer krevende
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2019)
De skjulte oljepengene tar også slutt
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2019)
Nedgangstider er ei det verste
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2019)
Flyskam? Et dårlig og lite hyggelig virkemiddel. Sats heller på ny teknologi.
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2019)
Handelskrigen kan gi nedgangstider
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2019)
Hva er en sykepleiers pris? Kjør et eksperiment!
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2019)
Vi skryter av elbilene våre, men ignorerer elefanten i rommet
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2018)
Nå ramler fra hver en verdens krok...
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2018)
Hvor salig er den lille flokk?
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2018)
Mot normalt?
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2018)
Selg oljeaksjene!
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2018)
Det bør helst gå godt
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2018)
Oljesjokk? Ikke denne gangen
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2018)
Skremmende Trump-trusler
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2018)
Renteskrekk - hvorfor nå?
Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2017)
Kan lede USA og verden inn i en ny, dyp resesjon
e24 [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2017)
Rigget for etterlengtet opptur
dagens næringsliv [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2017)
30 økonomer tror 2017 blir et bra år for Norge
MSN [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2017)
Det skaper støy i markedene
e24 [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2017)
Kan lede USA og verden inn i en ny, dyp resesjon
e24 [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2017)
Forskning og politikk i SSB
dagens næringsliv [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Mener historien tolkes feil
dagens næringsliv [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Kan bli en økonomisk brems
dagens næringsliv [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Økonomi-nestor frykter boligboble - dette mener han myndighetene bør gjøre
e24 [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Riksbanken uenig med Fed om renten
nordens nyheter [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Økonomer gir tommel opp
NTB [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Nå er pengebruken snudd på hodet: Smører med olje
vg [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Slår alarm om dramatiske oljetall
vg [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Uenighet om aksjer i Oljefondet
NRK [Radio]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Fondet bør kunne eie mer enn ti prosent
nordens nyheter [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Flere oljepenger bør plasseres i aksjer, mener utvalg
NTB [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Flere oljepenger bør plasseres i aksjer, mener utvalg
NTB [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Bør kjøpe mer aksjer
fædrelandsvennen [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Rikes problem
dagens næringsliv [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Bør oljefondet følge investeringsstrategien til Miss Marple eller John - ...Maynard Keynes?.
morgenbladet [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Verdensøkonomien med Trump
dn.no [Internett]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Kan garantere at det blir masse bråk og skrik
dn.no [Internett]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Vil ha 75 prosent aksjer i Oljefondet
dagens næringsliv [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Norges Bank vil at oljepengene skal leve farligere
aftenposten [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Norges Bank vil ha langt mer aksjer i Oljefondet
MSN [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Et politisk valg
dagens næringsliv [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Opposisjonen frykter velferdskutt etter økte effektiviseringskrav
abc nyheter [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Etterkrigstiden er over
Minerva [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Trumps rådgivere - lite beroligende
dagens næringsliv [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Rigget for etterlengtet opptur
e24 [Avis]
Mork, Knut A. (1)
Politikk er verd å følge med på
Dine Penger [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (1)
Bitcoin - en luftspeiling
Dine Penger [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (1)
Skal vi være bekymret nå?
Dine Penger [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (1)
Hvor viktig er egentlig boligmarkedet?
Dine Penger [Kronikk]
Mork, Knut A. (2020)
Oljeeventyret. En takk og et farvel
[Popular scientific book]. Spartacus.
Mork, Knut A. (2016)
Aksjeandelen i Statens pensjonsfond utland, NOU 2016:20