Hanne Sørum

Education Sciences 12(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030152

Procedia Computer Science 196 p. 175-182 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.003

With the introduction of The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018, European citizens were granted stronger privacy protection. Despite privacy and GDPR being frequent topics of discussion, many consumers lack knowledge on how personal data are harvested for business purposes, and they are unaware of their rights. Drawing on a larger survey conducted in a Norwegian university college, this study investigates gender differences in privacy behaviour (n=444). We offer three insights. The results revealed that (1) respondents’ concern for privacy does not differ across gender, but men claimed to experience slightly more control over their personal data compared to women. (2) Exercising privacy rights were comparable across gender as women and men reported the same inclination to act on rights granted by GDPR. (3) Willingness to share information in return for benefits depended on the information in question. Men and women agreed in their willingness to exchange name and e-mail. However, women were less willing than men to give up more sensitive information, yet more willing to give up date of birthday, TV viewing history and shopping history. Our insights bring attention to a possible link between experienced control over own data and willingness to exchange data for benefits, highlighting a potential mediating relationship that could be worthwhile pursuing.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05311-5_10

Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS) 1675 p. 331-344 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20319-0_25

Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Society - 2021 p. 153-160

This paper presents an empirical study of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) from the consumer perspective. Based on data collected through an online survey questionnaire over a period of three years (2018–2020), we identify trends and patterns among Norwegian consumers. The findings show that the GDPR has not significantly affected consumer awareness, nor level of control over their own personal data. Concerning the enhanced rights of deletion, data portability and access to personal data, the patterns are similar, revealing that most of our respondents ‘might execute’ their rights.Pertaining to website cookies, most of the respondents are unsure, and the general trend from 2019 to 2020 reveals a greater uncertainty. This paper contributes with new insights for the industry and to the information privacy research field.

Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Systems V p. 274-281 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85540-6_35

European Conference on e-Learning p. 427-434 Doi: https://doi.org/10.34190/EEL.21.024

The Covid‐19 pandemic has forced institutions of higher education to create digital learning environments replacing physical classrooms. The transition to digital teaching has been both abrupt and challenging for many lecturers and students. While communication and interaction between lecturer and student or among students are possible digitally, there is a difference between sitting physically next to your fellow students versus staring into a “black screen”. This paper investigates experiences of online learning among students in higher education during lockdown. We conducted an online survey (n=200) among students in Norway studying for a bachelor’s degree in information technology (IT). We emphasize students’ experience of the digital learning environment through questions on attendance and participation in live lectures, use of recorded videos, use of chat and camera and their motivation for digital learning. The findings show that students to a large or very large extent (85%) follow live lectures, at the same time they also prefer that there are video recordings of the lectures. Furthermore, we see that the students are highly or very highly (65%) motivated for digital live lectures. Concerning student engagement, such as asking questions to the lecturer and answering questions from the lecturer in the Zoom‐chat, we see that the answers vary greatly. They are distributed almost equally on the whole scale from a very small degree to a very high degree. Among our relevant contributions, we have learned that recording lectures is overwhelmingly considered positive among students and should be practiced when possible. Students rarely if ever turn on their cameras during lectures and do not expect others to show their faces. In general, among our respondents Zoom online lectures seem to work well, despite limitations to interaction and participation.

IADIS Press

NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning

Information Technology and People Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-08-2019-0433

Interacting with computers 31(4) p. 372-392 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwz023

Systems and services based on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) are now prevalent in our daily lives. Digital transformations have been, and are still being, initiated across private and public sectors. As such, the consequences of digital exclusion are severe and may block access to key aspects of modern life, such as education, employment, consumerism and health services. In order to combat this, regions and countries such as the USA, Canada, EU and Scandinavia have all legislated universal design (UD) in relation to ICT, in order to ensure as many citizens as possible have the opportunity to access and use digital information and services. However, there has been limited research into how higher educational programs address legislated accessibility responsibilities. This paper looks into the discipline of interaction design (IxD). IxD is the design domain focused on ‘how human beings relate to other human beings through the mediating influence of products’ (Buchanan, R. (2001) Designing research and the new learning. Des. Issues, 17, 3–23). The study presents an analysis of Norwegian higher educational programs within IxD. Based on document analysis, we map the skillsets the study programs state to deliver and investigate to what degree UD expertise is included. Our findings indicate the study programs do not deliver adequate training in UD, in order to fulfill the professional responsibilities related to ICT accessibility. From our findings, we extrapolate five ‘archetypes’ of interaction designers. These personas-like analytical constructs hold slightly different characteristics. For each of the five, we propose UD expertise fitting key skillsets. We hope our contributions are useful both for the higher education sector and the industry and will contribute to raised awareness of UD skills so they can educate interaction designers in their different industry roles with required competences.

Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective. 8th International Conference, EGOVIS 2019, Linz, Austria, August 26–29, 2019 p. 133-146 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27523-5_10

NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi 27(1)

The interaction designer plays an important role in facilitating high-quality interactions and accessible user experiences. Currently, interaction designers have diverse and often interdisciplinary backgrounds, in which may create recruitment challenges for the industry. It is also a likely contributory factor to reported challenges on student recruitment to interaction design (IxD) programs – and consequently the reported industry shortage for IxD skillsets. Thus, we need to better understand the interaction designer’s expertise and skills. Facing this fact, the present study provides analysis of Norwegian higher educational (HE) programs within IxD. We investigate in-depth what characterizes the programs, and describe their current content, focus and organization. Overall, the programs educating interaction designers are quite heterogeneous. One of the main finding is that few programs include adequate universal design expertise, and graduates are as such not necessarily conversant with their legal and ethical responsibilities as IxD professionals. We also find a discrepancy between online program presentation and actual content. The paper concludes that added work is needed to alleviate an inadequate articulation of IxD expertise, graduates skillsets, and better support academic and industry recruitment.

NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning

International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management 7(3) p. 19-34 Doi: https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm070302

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was implemented in the European Union and European Economic Area in May 2018. The GDPR aims to strengthen consumers’ rights to data privacy in the wake of technological developments like big data and artificial intelligence. This was a hot topic for stakeholders, such as lawyers, companies and consumers, prior to the GDPR’s implementation. This paper investigates to what extent consumers are concerned about information privacy issues following the implementation of the GDPR. We present findings from an online survey conducted during spring 2019 among 327 Norwegian consumers, as well as findings from a survey conducted immediately prior to the implementation of the GDPR in spring 2018. We draw the following conclusions: (1) consumers gained significant knowledge about their information privacy from the GDPR, but felt relatively little need to execute their enhanced rights; (2) about 50% of respondents believed themselves to have control over their data, while almost 40% stated that they had no control about their personal data; and (3) consumers largely trusted companies to manage their personal data. These insights are of interest to both academia and to industries that deal with personal data.

NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi 26(1)

Procedia Computer Science p. 603-611 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.081

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 11032 LNCS p. 86-100 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98349-3_7

Advances in Usability and User Experience p. 205-216 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60492-3_20

Design, User Experience, and Usability: Theory, Methodology, and Management p. 740-754 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58634-2_53

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 9831 p. 169-181 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44159-7_12

NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi 24(1)

Technological changes over the past several decades have enabled us to communicate in a variety of different ways. The increasing use of digital services and online information highlights the importance of interaction design and how products/systems influence how we interact and communicate. This paper aims to fill a research gap by investigating, on the one hand, the kinds of qualifications and skills interaction designers have; and, on the other, expectations among companies in their search for interaction designers. We used a mixed-methods approach and combined qualitative and quantitative data. The findings reveal that interaction designers differ in terms of educational background, length of work experience, knowledge and skills concerning key topics and computer tools, and interest areas. Furthermore, we found that when a company seeks an “interaction designer” in job ads, this title serves as an umbrella term for skills ranging from highly technical to soft design and interpersonal skills. Companies are also looking for people who have skills beyond core designer tasks, as insights into strategy or organizational processes. Comparing the skills and educational backgrounds of interaction designers with those recruiters are calling for shows a consistently mismatched pattern between what is expected and what is received. Companies and practitioners should be more realistic in their expectations regarding what competences interaction designers should have.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21006-3_10

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21006-3_11

NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi

13th international conference WWW/Internet 2014 p. 371-375

Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective p. 63-72

eChallenges e-2014 Conference Proceedings

Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 7(3) p. 322-341 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-10-2012-0012

Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 6(3) p. 239-257 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17506161211251254

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between constructs of information system (IS) success in the public sector, as perceived by webmaster intermediaries, and investigate how user testing affects these relationships. Design/methodology/approach – Online surveys were conducted, using questionnaires, with webmasters in Denmark and Norway who participated in the public sector web award contests organized by the government (n=1,237, n=541; response rate 44 per cent). Findings – It was found that the frequency with which webmasters carry out user testing affects their perceptions of IS success, with those who conduct no user testing displaying the weakest associations among success variables. Findings also suggest that webmasters who do little or no user testing conveniently assume that citizen users are satisfied, while webmasters who are more knowledgeable of the user experience have a greater perception of levels of success. Practical implications – The fact that the majority of webmasters do not perform any type of user testing triggers a reflection on the need for such important intermediaries to enhance their feedback channels. User involvement in assessing IS success cannot be overlooked, especially considering that user empowerment in the design, implementation, and evaluation of information systems matches a window of opportunity originating in the ongoing growth of web interactivity. Originality/value – The paper is one of the few that investigates constructs of IS success in the public sector, and arguably the first one that focuses on the impacts of user testing on the relationships between constructs of IS success in a public setting.

NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi

Behaviour and Information Technology 31(7) p. 697-706 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2011.577191

Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, EGOVIS 2011 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22961-9_10

eChallenges e-2010 Conference Proceedings

MCIS 2010 PROCEEDINGS

This paper investigates how webmasters in first prize winning companies of web awards explain website quality. In order to gain insights into website quality descriptions, we held qualitative interviews with webmasters in eight Norwegian companies. The outcome is grounded theory models of how webmasters representing four ideal types of websites explain website quality. By using the left side of the DeLone and McLean IS Success Model which captures information quality, system quality and service quality, this paper discusses the webmasters’ explanations of website quality. The aim is to shed light on the diversity of explanations that webmasters may have, and to explore the potential of the webmaster perspective on website quality. The results show that webmasters explain website quality differently, depending on the type of website, with user friendliness being a repeated key word. Information quality is assessed at different levels, as are the types of services provided for users. Although webmasters seems to have users’ interests in mind, user-satisfaction requirements appear to be absent from a webmaster’s perspective. The paper concludes that there is not a clearly expressed relation between the degree of investments in user driven activities in order to improve website quality and winning a national website award. A discussion of the use of quality criteria and evaluation methods for website quality is given. The paper ends with implications for practitioners and academia.

Going Backstage: Public Web Awards Assessment Ceremonies

State of the eUnion: Government 2.0 and Onwards

Electronic Government: 8th International Conference, EGOV 2009

Proceedings NOKOBIT 2007