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Breit, Eric; Aksnes, Siri Yde, Boselie, Paul & Harten, Jasmijn van
(2025)
Conclusion
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Abstract This book offers inspiration and knowledge for promoting workplace inclusion for people with disabilities (PWD). The aim of the book has been to provide a practitioner-oriented (executive) teaching resource on this topic, thus placing managers and HRM professionals as practitioners at the heart of attention. While there is an increasing literature on workplace inclusion of PWD and other disadvantaged groups, the actions of managers and HRM practitioners is where new attention is needed. Hence, the overall goal of the book has been to make readers better understand the key ingredients for successful workplace inclusion, along with practical ideas for implementation and strategies to overcome potential challenges.
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Aksnes, Siri Yde & Breit, Eric
(2025)
Inclusive Leadership
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Abstract This chapter explores the concept of inclusive leadership and its critical role in promoting workplace inclusion for people with disabilities (PWD). Grounded in theories like optimal distinctiveness, leader-member exchange, and positive work relations, inclusive leadership balances employees’ needs for uniqueness and belonging while addressing organizational goals. The chapter identifies three practical approaches to inclusive leadership—vacancy, ability, and growth-oriented—and discusses the strengths and limitations of these approaches in balancing PWD’s needs for uniqueness and belonging and in inclusion work more broadly.
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Breit, Eric; Aksnes, Siri Yde, Boselie, Paul & Harten, Jasmijn van
(2025)
Introduction
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Furnham, Adrian & Semmelink, David S.
(2025)
Self-assessed intelligence is a self-esteem variable, not a test proxy measure: The relationship between personality, self-estimated and test-derived intelligence
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This research explores the relationship between personality traits, self-estimated and test-derived intelligence.
Participants completed two personality tests and an intelligence test. They were also asked to estimate their
intelligence. Correlations indicate that there was no relationship between test-derived IQ at both subscale and
total level but that it was related to many personality traits. The regression suggests few associations of demographic,
test-derived IQ, or personality trait scores. This paper discusses what IQ estimates are a function of,
and limitations are acknowledged.
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Furnham, Adrian & Horne, George
(2025)
Making People Redundant
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This paper looked at the correlates of individual’s recommendations for making people redundant. Participants ranked the importance of various criteria (length of service, attendance, disciplinary/performance records) used to make job redundancies. They were also asked to add any additional criteria, and their many suggestions included individual circumstances, organisational costs, and employee engagement. The focus was on individual difference correlates of rating 10 criteria to make redundancy decisions. In all, 499 working British adults completed various questionnaires, including Just World Beliefs, Organisational Disenchantment and Equity at work. There was considerable agreement on redundancy criteria, with the three most important being performance records, skills and competencies, and disciplinary records. The variable that most correlated with the chosen redundancy criteria was education. Regressions indicated that different individual difference variables were related to different redundancy criteria preferences. Limitations are acknowledged, and implications considered.
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Furnham, Adrian & Cheng, Helen
(2025)
Predicting adult literacy and numeracy: Findings from the British cohort study
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This study investigates factors that predict adult literacy and numeracy using a large, stratified, and nationally
representative sample of 5397 adults (48.6 % females) in the UK. Results showed that parental social status (at
birth), childhood intelligence (at age 10), teenage internal locus of control (at age 16), educational qualifications
and occupational levels (at ages 26 and 30) were all significantly and positively associated with adult literacy
and numeracy (at age 34). Structural equation modelling showed that childhood intelligence, teenage locus of
control, malaise, and education and occupation all had significant and direct effects on adult literacy and
numeracy, accounting for 53 % of the total variance. The strongest predictor of adult literacy and numeracy was
childhood intelligence, followed by educational qualifications and teenage locus of control. Results revealed that
the effect of parental social status on adult literacy and numeracy was mediated mainly through educational
qualifications. Limitation in terms of self-report biases, attrition and some cross-sectional variables is acknowledged.
Implications are considered.
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Furnham, Adrian; Cuppello, Stephen & Semmelink, David S.
(2025)
Bright and dark-side personality correlates of self-rated sins and virtues
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This paper reports on two studies associated with a new self-report measure assessing the Seven Cardinal Sins
and Virtues. The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of this measure and explore demographic,
ideological, self-esteem and personality correlates. In the first study of 300 adults, we found the aggregates of
Sins and of Virtues had good alphas and were predictably negatively correlated. Correlations indicated that males
more than females, younger more than older, non- vs university graduates, who were less religious, optimistic
and higher on the dark-side traits Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Sadism scored higher on selfassessed
Sins. The pattern was opposite for self-assessed Virtues but also included Self-esteem, but not Machiavellianism.
The regressions indicate that four variables (age, optimism, Machiavellianism and Psychopathology)
accounted for a quarter of the variance in self-assessed Sins. Likewise, age, education, religious beliefs, selfevaluations
and psychopathology accounted for a similar amount of variance in the assessment of virtues. In
the second study of 307 adults, participants completed the High Potential Trait Indicator (HPTI), a measure of six
work-related traits, as well as the Sins and Virtues measure. Results showed that less Conscientious, Adjusted and
Courageous (Risk Approach) individuals rated themselves higher on Sins and lower on Virtues. Further,
Competitive people rated their Sinfulness higher, while Curious people rated their Virtues higher. The results are
discussed in terms of the questionnaire’s use in other settings. Limitations concerning possible dissimulation and
impression management, as well as common method variance, are acknowledged.
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Fenton‐O'Creevy, Mark & Furnham, Adrian
(2025)
Who's Interested in Global Warming?
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ABSTRACT We report on a study of the correlates of attitude to global warming (GW). We build on prior research on the role of demographic variables, personality, and political orientation in predicting attitude to GW. We argue dispositional optimism should increase willingness to treat GW seriously, via its impact on active coping behaviors and reducing cognitive avoidance in the face of anxiety, and that there should be an interactive effect of optimism with political orientation. We draw on an existing data set ( N = 819) of adult respondents. We use correlation and regression analysis to examine the association between demographic variables, personality traits, optimism, political orientation and GW attitude. We use moderated regression to test for an interactive effect between political orientation and optimism on GW attitude. We find a significant inverse association between (more right‐wing) political orientation and GW attitude, and a positive association between education and GW attitude. We find personality effects, the strongest of which is an inverse association between Competitiveness and GW attitude. As hypothesized, we find that optimism is positively associated with GW attitude and that this association is stronger for more right‐wing political orientation. We draw conclusions for the efficacy of approaches to communicating about climate change to different groups. We consider limitations of the research and implications for future research.
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Furnham, Adrian & Horne, George
(2025)
Personality correlates of motivation in the art and science domains: the bright- and dark-side trait perspective
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Furnham, Adrian; Cuppello, Stephen & Semmelink, David S.
(2025)
The 2:4 Digit Ratio, Sex and Personality
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This study explores the correlation between the 2:4 Digit Ratio and trait Neuroticism
alongside gender expression. In all, 260 adults indicated the 2:4 Digit
Ratio on their left hand and completed a work-related personality measure. As
established in many studies, sex differences were present in the ratio. We also
identified significant differences associated with masculine-feminine ratings
and trait Adjustment (low Neuroticism). Implications and limitations are discussed
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Markovska, Klepec, Bojana & Miha, Škerlavaj,
(2025)
Post-heroic Leadership for the Innovation Process in Digitized Workplaces
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The role of leadership is critical at every stage of the innovation process, having a profound impact from the genesis of ideas to their promotion and ultimate implementation. Exploring leadership dynamics in the context of digitized workplaces is a new area of research. This chapter focuses on the importance of the post-heroic leadership style with its building blocks—shared and servant leadership—as a supporting mechanism for the innovation process in digitized workplaces, particularly in three contexts: remote, hybrid, and on-site workplaces. To empirically validate the conceptual model of post-heroic leadership in the digitized workplace and its impact on the different phases of the innovation process (idea generation, idea championing, and idea implementation), we have conducted a qualitative field study. We have interviewed 14 leaders from the service sector, working in different office contexts: remote, hybrid, and on-site, and analyzed how their post-heroic leadership influences innovation outcomes in different innovation phases. Our findings show that post-heroic leadership exhibits promising effectiveness in digitized workplaces, leading to beneficial outcomes.
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Antonio, Sadarić,; Carin-Isabel, Knoop, & Miha, Škerlavaj,
(2025)
Harnessing the Power of Aesthetic Storytelling: Innovative Narrative Structures for Organizational Change in the Age of Digital Work | SpringerLink
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Successful organizational change in today’s fast-paced digital workplace demands a deep understanding of evolving human dynamics and ideologies, amid conditions that amplify change recipients’ natural fear of change and proximity-seeking behavior. Recognizing this challenge, we propose a solution that empowers change leaders’ roles as comfort figures while fostering a clearer vision of the unpredictable future. Through a five-at screenwriting framework by John Yorke (Into the woods: A five-act journey into story. Abrams, 2014), we delve into a transformative journey, emphasizing the emotional challenges faced by change leaders, recipients, and resistance leaders. This framework introduces aesthetic storytelling to organizational change, focusing on how the story is being told rather than its traditional structure. Aesthetic storytelling, exemplified by cinematography, utilizes symbolism and metaphors to evoke emotional responses, aiding change recipients’ comprehension of the future narrative. Through the lens of a senior marketing strategist navigating digital transformation, we construct an organizational change metanarrative, portraying transformational elements grounded in practitioner experiences. Integrating aesthetic storytelling with change narratives can help change leaders overcome cognitive barriers, inspire positive emotional engagement from change recipients, and foster a future where change is embraced with purpose and optimism, contributing to how social science models future behavior based on previously implemented ideas.
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Vlahović, Olivera; Aleksić, Darija, Černe, Matej, Hernaus, Tomislav & Škerlavaj, Miha
(2025)
“Chicken or the egg”: the interplay of non-technological and technological innovations in a high-tech high-growth context
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Understanding how technological and non-technological innovations interact remains a critical, yet underexplored challenge in innovation management. Some scholars argue that technological advances trigger organizational change, while others claim the reverse. To address this tension, we conducted an inductive, grounded
theory case study of a high-tech, high-growth laboratory that specializes in control systems for particle accelerators. We complemented the primary data collected via interviews and observations in 2013 with a post-hoc digital netnographic and historical analysis based on secondary data for the decade following. The findings show
that in the mentioned context technological innovations often precede and necessitate non-technological innovations—such as managerial, marketing, and open innovation practices. In turn, the latter enable successful exploitation and scaling. We also identify the presence of a supportive regional or national innovation ecosystem
as a critical boundary condition of this interplay. The study contributes to theory by proposing a context-dependent model of innovation sequencing and highlighting the role of managerial practices in integrating the dispersed knowledge held in inter-organizational networks.
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Klepec, Bojana Markovska & Škerlavaj, Miha
(2025)
EXPLORING THE SYNERGY: THE ROLE OF SHARED AND SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN THE INNOVATION PROCESS THROUGH BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
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This study explores the intersection of shared and servant leadership in fostering innovation by using bibliometric techniques to analyze 434 scholarly publications. Using co‐citation, co‐word and bibliographic coupling analyses, this study identifies research trends, thematic clusters and gaps in the literature. The results show that while shared and servant leadership have a significant impact on the innovation process, their role is still under‐researched and fragmented. This study contributes to leadership theory by highlighting the role of shared leadership in team‐based collaboration and decentralized decision making, while extending the theoretical foundations of servant leadership in terms of ethical leadership, psychological safety and sustainability of innovation. By integrating these models, we contribute to the development of hybrid leadership approaches that promote a trust‐based culture and context‐sensitive strategies for innovation‐driven organizations. Furthermore, we explore how the transition from hierarchical to shared and servant leadership fosters agility, knowledge sharing and innovation, especially in knowledge‐intensive industries that rely on cross‐functional collaboration. Future research should investigate shared and servant leadership in all phases of the innovation process, especially in the later innovation phases, to address role ambiguity and ensure alignment between people‐centered leadership and strategic innovation requirements.
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Jana, Uher,; Craig, Speelman,, Aaro, Toomela,, Ron, Weber,, Arnulf, Jan Ketil, T., Barrett, Paul, Moritz, Heene,, Jörg-Henrik, Heine,, Jack, Martin,, B., Mazur, Lucas, Marek, McGann, & J., Mislevy, Robert
(2025)
Psychology's Questionable Research Fundamentals (QRFs): Key problems in quantitative psychology and psychological measurement beyond Questionable Research Practices (QRPs)
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Psychology's crises (e.g., replicability, generalisability) are currently believed to derive from Questionable Research Practices (QRPs), thus scientific mis...
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Thompson, Geir; Buch, Robert, Campbell, W. Keith & Glasø, Lars
(2025)
IS THERE AN UPSIDE TO LEADER NARCISSISM?
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Loncar, Lea; Langvik, Eva, Rostad, Ingrid Steen, Saksvik-Lehouillier, Ingvild & Bjørkelo, Brita
(2025)
Work Stressors and Resources Among Police Emergency Dispatchers. Exploring Opportunities for Improving Working Conditions for Employees Critical for Public Safety
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Mayiwar, Lewend; Løhre, Erik, Chandrashekar, Subramanya Prasad & Hærem, Thorvald
(2025)
Desire for Status Is Positively Associated With Overconfidence: A Replication and Extension of Study 5 in C. Anderson, Brion, et al. (2012)
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Norrøne, Tore Nøttestad & Nordmo, Morten
(2025)
Comparing Proctored and Unproctored Cognitive Ability Testing in High-Stakes Personnel Selection
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Nordmo, Morten; Norrøne, Tore Nøttestad & Lang-Ree, Ole Christian
(2025)
Reevaluating the Flynn effect, and the reversal: Temporal trends and measurement invariance in Norwegian armed forces intelligence scores
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Since 1954, the Norwegian Armed Forces have annually administered an unchanged general mental ability test to male cohorts, comprising figure matrices, word similarities, and mathematical reasoning tests. These stable and representative data have supported various claims about shifts in general mental ability (GMA) levels, notably the Flynn effect and its reversal, influencing extensive research linking these scores with health and other outcomes. This study examines whether observed temporal trends in scores reflect changes in latent intelligence or are confounded by evolving test characteristics and specific test-taking abilities in numerical reasoning, word comprehension, and figure matrices reasoning. Our findings, using multiple-group factor analysis and multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) models, indicate that while there was a general upward trend in observed scores until 1993, this was predominantly driven by enhancements in the fluid intelligence task, specifically figure matrices reasoning. Notably, these gains do not uniformly translate to a rise in underlying GMA, suggesting the presence of domain-specific improvements and test characteristic changes over time. Conversely, the observed decline is primarily due to decreases in word comprehension and numerical reasoning tests, also reflecting specific abilities not attributable to changes in the latent GMA factor. Our findings further challenge the validity of claims that changes in the general factor drive the Flynn effect and its reversal. Furthermore, they caution against using these scores for longitudinal studies without accounting for changes in test characteristics.
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Lapointe, Emilie; Morin, Alexandre J. S., Vandenberghe, Christian & Schwarz, Gary
(2025)
Trust and supervisor organizational embodiment: A between- and within-person investigation
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How does trust in supervisors as organizational representatives vs. as independent persons, as captured by the interaction of cognition-based trust in the supervisor and supervisor organizational embodiment (SOE), influence employees' responses to supervisors? We examine this question at the between- and within-person levels. Using two-wave data from 221 Chinese employees, Study 1 finds that, at the between-person level, the relation between cognition-based trust in the supervisor and affective commitment to the supervisor is stronger at lower levels of SOE (i.e., when supervisors are perceived as individual persons irrespective of their organizational role). Based on three-wave longitudinal data from 212 North American and European employees, Study 2 finds that, at the within-person level, the initial level of cognition-based trust in the supervisor is related to a sharper decline in affective commitment to the supervisor and perceived leadership effectiveness over time when SOE is low. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Aksnes, Siri Yde & Breit, Eric
(2025)
Varieties of engagement: exploring the micro-practices of managers in employing disadvantaged jobseekers
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Sørengaard, Torhild Anita & Saksvik-Lehouillier, Ingvild
(2025)
Arbeidshelse og personlighet
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Langvik, Eva & Martinsen, Øyvind L.
(2025)
Personlighetstrekk
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Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen; Sørengaard, Torhild Anita & Hagen, Roger
(2025)
Introduksjon til personlighetspsykologi
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Kipfelsberger, Petra & Gottschalk, Petter
(2025)
The Transfer of Meaningfulness from Leaders to Followers as Partners in Crime: The Case of a Married Lawyer and His Accountant Wife in Embezzlement and Money Laundering
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This article examines how leaders exert influence on followers in the context of economic crime through a case study. The present case illustrates the conviction of a lawyer husband as a leader, sentenced to five years in prison for embezzlement, and his wife, the firm’s accountant, convicted of money laundering and facing a three-year sentence. The wife has chosen to appeal the verdict. This research explores the dark sides of visionary leadership and followership, delving into the interdependencies that extend beyond the workplace. Drawing on the meaning transfer model, it analyzes the contagious dynamics between the leader and follower, presenting novel convenience propositions on dyadic leadership influence. This article provides insights into the complex dynamics at play within the convenience triangle in economic crimes. It sheds light on the nuanced implications of the leader-follower relationship and draws attention to the gendered roles observed, where female offenders tend to assume follower positions, while male offenders frequently take on leadership roles in the realm of white-collar and corporate crime.
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Gottschalk, Petter
(2025)
White Collar Crime
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Ding, Haien & Kuvaas, Bård
(2025)
Exploring the necessary roles of basic psychological needs at work: A necessary condition analysis
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Self-determination theory (SDT) postulates that all humans have basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. SDT scholars employ a necessity logic to define and interpret the roles of psychological need satisfaction for optimal human development. However, traditional regression techniques, often applied to test hypotheses derived from SDT, are unsuitable for testing necessity statements. To achieve a theory-method alignment, we employed necessary condition analysis (NCA) to examine whether basic psychological needs at work are necessary for employees' intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, life satisfaction, and vigour at work. Study 1's cross-sectional data (N = 550; Germany) and Study 2's time-lagged data (N = 417; UK and US) generally support the necessary roles of need satisfaction. Notably, intrinsic motivation and vigour are especially constrained by basic psychological need satisfaction. This research advances SDT by providing more precise accounts of the theory from a necessity-oriented lens. We also highlight the importance of management practices that can satisfy employees' basic psychological needs at work.
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Loncar, Lea; Rostad, Ingrid Steen, Saksvik-Lehouillier, Ingvild & Langvik, Eva
(2025)
Organisational Support for Police Employees Investigating Child Abuse in Norway
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Furnham, Adrian; Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Arnulf, Jan Ketil
(2025)
Correlates of Ethical Investing and the Issue of Sustainability
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This paper was concerned with individual difference correlates of preferences for three issues associated with ethical investing. Five hundred adults completed a long, 60-item, questionnaire concerning personal details, including demographic (sex, age, education) and ideological (political and religious beliefs), as well as a three-part measure of their investment attitudes: what investments to avoid, what general issues to consider when investing and what people issues to consider when investing. The results indicated that they most wanted to avoid investments concerning weapons, animal testing and fossil fuels. The most important issues when investing were thought to be pollution, deforestation and carbon footprint, which all have at heart the sustainability philosophy. With regards to workers, they noted child labour, wages and worker rights as the most important issues. Correlations showed relatively few demographic correlates, but there were a number of religious belief and political attitude correlates of investment preferences. The strongest relationship was between political beliefs and anything associated with global warming. Implications and limitations are acknowledged, in particular with respect to having rank-order data and not knowing important information about the respondents.
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Loncar, Lea; Rostad, Ingrid Steen, Saksvik-Lehouillier, Ingvild & Langvik, Eva Oddrun
(2025)
Resources to mitigate health impairment among police employees investigating child abuse: a qualitative study exploring the availability of organisational support
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Rostad, Ingrid Steen & Langvik, Eva Oddrun
(2025)
“It’s the workload, not the pictures that keep me up at night.” Experiences of Norwegian police prosecutors working with child abuse cases
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Thompson, Geir; Buch, Robert & Thompson, Per-Magnus Moe
(2025)
Increased span of supervision: an obstacle for effective leadership style?
Dynamic Relationships Management Journal.
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Nordmo, Magnus; Sunde, Hans Fredrik, Kleppestø, Thomas Haarklau, Nordmo, Morten, Caspi, Avshalom, Moffitt, Terrie & Torvik, Fartein Ask
(2025)
Cognitive Abilities and Educational Attainment as Antecedents of Mental Disorders: A Total Population Study of Males
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The positive relation between mental health and educational attainment is well established, yet the extent to which cognitive abilities influence this gradient or independently predict mental health outcomes remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between adolescent cognitive abilities, educational attainment, and adult mental health. Cognitive ability was ascertained in Norwegian military conscript test data (N = 272,351; mean age 17.8 years; males only), whereas mental disorders were ascertained using the Norwegian register of primary care diagnoses received between the age of 36–40. Higher cognitive abilities were associated with a monotonically decreasing risk of developing all the studied mental disorders except bipolar disorder. The association held even when comparing the cognitive abilities of brothers raised in the same family, attesting that cognitive ability and mental disorders are not associated because both arise from the same family background circumstances. Similarly, individuals with higher educational attainment had fewer mental health disorders. The association between low cognitive abilities and the risk of mental disorders was notably stronger in males with low educational attainment, compared to those with high educational attainment. These individuals may be an underutilized target group for mental-disorder prevention.
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Langvik, Eva; Rostad, Ingrid Steen, Loncar, Lea, Lervåg, Ingvild, Nordnes, Anne Martha Holmvåg & Saksvik-Lehouillier, Ingvild
(2025)
Investigative interviews with children A Qualitative Study of Moral Stress Among Police Employees Working in the Special Victim Unit in Norway
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Furnham, Adrian
(2025)
Personality and the education process: Individual difference preferences for teacher, technology, testing, time and topic
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The present paper looks at the relationship between well-established personality traits and five different features of the educational process. Specifically, I explore the relationship between pupil Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness and personal preferences for Teacher (who the instructor is), Technology (the mode of instruction used), Testing (how the learning is evaluated), Time (the pace, length and time-of-day of the instruction period), and Topic (what is taught/discipline). There is a scattered literature on these topics which is briefly reviewed with a particular interest in how they relate to personality trait correlates. Evidence suggests the importance of understanding the role personality trait preferences in various educational choices and outcomes.
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Chandrashekar, Subramanya Prasad; Løhre, Erik, Skjellet, Jenny & Kanten, Alf Børre
(2025)
Communicated and Perceived Public Consensus About Climate Change
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People’s beliefs about the public opinion on climate change can play a significant role in determining their own attitudes and likelihood to engage in climate-friendly behavior. However, limited research exists on the perception of consensus and effective ways to inform individuals about public opinion. In this study, we examined whether presenting information in two different formats—packed or unpacked—would impact people’s perception of public agreement on climate change. In two experiments (total N = 506; 151 participants from the USA and 355 participants from Norway), participants read about the public opinion on different topics related to climate change, either in an “unpacked” way (e.g., 5% strongly oppose, 8% somewhat oppose, 41% somewhat support, and 46% strongly support funding research into renewable energy), or in a “packed” way (e.g., 13% somewhat or strongly oppose, and 87% somewhat or strongly support funding research into renewable energy), before rating the perceived public (dis)agreement about the topics. We hypothesized that presenting information in a packed way would lead to higher perceived agreement, but found no support for this hypothesis. Interestingly, our results showed that participants’ own beliefs or attitudes were positively related to perceived agreement. The findings contribute to the literature on false consensus and motivated reasoning.
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Swami, Viren; Voracek, Martin, Furnham, Adrian, Horne, George, Longhurst, Phaedra & Tran, Ulrich S.
(2025)
Is nature exposure in autistic adults associated with more positive body image?
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Bortne, Øystein; Bjørnestad, Jone Ravndal, Arnestad, Mads Nordmo, Tjora, Tore & Brønnick, Kolbjørn Kallesten
(2025)
Self-efficacy or perceived behavioral control: which influences bank-switching intention?
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Wallhead, Georgia; Furnham, Adrian & McClelland, Alastair
(2025)
The influence of idealised and non-idealised models on the effectiveness of advertisements and body appreciation in females
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Furnham, Adrian & Sherman, Ryne A.
(2025)
Personality and good business judgement: the bright and dark side of business reasoning
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The current study explored the relationship between measures of “bright-side” and “dark-side” personality traits and business reasoning (BR)/judgment using the Hogan Business Reasoning Inventory (HBRI). Participants were a global sample (N = 2,342) who completed the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI), a bright-side trait measure; the Hogan Development Survey (HDS), a dark-side trait measure; and the HBRI, which is similar to a measure of general cognitive ability. The analyses showed gender effects (men scored higher) but not age effects. Correlation and regression analyses showed that Learning Approach and Adjustment traits were positively associated with business reasoning, while Prudence and Inquisitive traits were negatively associated with business reasoning. In cases where significant dark-side factor relationships were observed, they were negatively associated with business reasoning, except for Reserved and Imaginative traits. However, these traits accounted for relatively little of the variance (approximately 5%) in business reasoning. Stable, ambitious, and intellectually curious individuals who are not high on Conscientiousness and have few dark-side traits appear to be better at business reasoning.
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Swami, Viren; Akel, Marwan, Hanel, Paul H. P., Halbusi, Hussam Al, Alexias, George, Ali, Khawla F., Alp-Dal, Nursel, Alsalhani, Anas B., Álvarez-Solas, Sara, Amaral, Ana Carolina Soares, Andrianto, Sonny, Aspden, Trefor, Tran, Ulrich S., Argyrides, Marios, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Atkin, Stephen, Ayandele, Olusola, Baceviciene, Migle, Bahbouh, Radvan, Ballesio, Andrea, Barron, David, Bellard, Ashleigh, Bender, Sóley Sesselja, Voracek, Martin, Beydaǧ, Kerime Derya, Birovljević, Gorana, Blackburn, Marie-Ève, Borja-Alvarez, Teresita, Borowiec, Joanna, Bozogáňová, Miroslava, Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid, Browning, Matthew H. E. M., Brytek-Matera, Anna, Burakova, Marina, Aavik, Toivo, Çakır-Koçak, Yeliz, Camacho, Pablo, Camilleri, Vittorio Emanuele, Cazzato, Valentina, Cerea, Silvia, Chaiwutikornwanich, Apitchaya, Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin, Chambers, Tim, Chen, Qing-Wei, Chen, Xin, Ranjbar, Hamed Abdollahpour, Chien, Chin-Lung, Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit, Choompunuch, Bovornpot, Compte, Emilio J., Corrigan, Jennifer, Cosmas, Getrude, Cowden, Richard G., Czepczor-Bernat, Kamila, Czub, Marcin, Silva, Wanderson Roberto da, Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju, Dadfar, Mahboubeh, Dalley, Simon E., Dany, Lionel, Datu, Jesus Alfonso D., Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Berbert de, Coelho, Gabriel Lins de Holanda, Jesus, Avila Odia S. De, Debbabi, Sonia Harzallah, Dhakal, Sandesh, Bernardo, Francesca Di, Afhami, Reza, Dimitrova, Donka D., Dion, Jacinthe, Dixson, Barnaby, Donofrio, Stacey M., Drysch, Marius, Du, Hongfei, Dzhambov, Angel M., El-Jor, Claire, Enea, Violeta, Eskin, Mehmet, Ahmed, Oli, Farbod, Farinaz, Farrugia, Lorleen, Fian, Leonie, Fisher, Maryanne L., Folwarczny, Michał, Frederick, David A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew, Furnham, Adrian, García, Antonio Alías, Geller, Shulamit, Aimé, Annie, Ghisi, Marta, Ghorbani, Alireza, Martinez, Maria Angeles Gomez, Gradidge, Sarah, Graf, Sylvie, Grano, Caterina, Gyene, Gyöngyvér, Hallit, Souheil, Hamdan, Motasem & Handelzalts, Jonathan E.
(2025)
Self-Compassion Around the World: Measurement Invariance of the Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF) Across 65 Nations, 40 Languages, Gender Identities, and Age Groups
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Objectives The 12-item Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS–SF) is a widely used instrument for the assessment of self-compassion. To date, there have been few examinations of this instrument’s psychometric properties, particularly across nations and languages. Therefore, we used data from the Body Image in Nature Survey (BINS) to assess measurement invariance of the SCS–SF across nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups.
Methods Participants (N = 56,968) from 65 nations completed the SCS–SF in 40 languages. Using these data, we tested various hypothesised models of the SCS–SF in the total sample and, using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, tested for invariance of the optimal model across national groups, languages, gender identities, and age groups.
Results In the total dataset, we found that an 11-item, 2-factor model (i.e., SCS-11) provided best fit to the data, with the two factors tapping distinct constructs of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding. The SCS-11 was found to be partially scalar invariant across national groups and languages, and fully scalar invariant across gender identities and age groups. There was wide variation in latent means for the two factors, particularly across national groups and languages. Further analyses showed negligible associations between the two factors and sociodemographic variables, including marital status, financial security, and urbanicity.
Conclusions Our results suggest that it may be possible to derive a stable 2-factor model of the SCS–SF for use in crosscultural research, but also highlight the likelihood of cross-national and cross-linguistic variations in the way that selfcompassion is understood.
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Dries, Nicky; Luyckx, Joost & Bogaert, Max
(2025)
Neo-Luddites, Unite! Worker Resistance in an Era of Real Dystopian Threats
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Taking Brian Merchant’s rewriting of the history of the Luddites in his book Blood in the Machine: The origins of the rebellion against big tech (2023) as a point of departure, in this media review we discuss what a renewed, more radical hope for the future of work might look like in an era faced by ‘real dystopian’ threats such as mass automation, algorithmic control and neo-Taylorism (Killoran & Park, 2025).
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Føllesdal, Hallvard
(2025)
Agree or agree a little? The rating scale of the BFI-2 causes extreme responses
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Dries, Nicky; Luyckx, Joost, Stephan, Ute & Collings, David
(2025)
The Future of Work: A Research Agenda
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In this commentary, we discuss and define the ‘future of work’ as a phenomenon and research area, and outline avenues for further research at the conceptual and empirical level. We first offer a brief review of the different streams of research that study the future of work, both in management and organization studies and in adjacent fields. We then elaborate on what we see as the most promising avenues for research on the future of work, organized around five questions of what, when, who, how, and why. That is, research on the future of work needs to clarify its assumptions about (1) the phenomena it considers within scope; (2) the temporality associated with these phenomena; (3) which future of work actors it is about, and who it is for; (4) the methods and data types used to be able to study the future empirically; and (5) desired impact and envisioned outcomes. We discuss how moving beyond technodeterminism, depoliticization, and a present-day focus could open up new and important avenues for further research on the near and distant future of work. We conclude with some specific examples of research questions and methods.
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Molli, Federica De & Gottschalk, Petter
(2025)
Investigating art experts and appraisers as potential white-collar criminals: Theorizing art fraud convenience
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Boeck, Giverny De; Hamstra, Melvyn, Dries, Nicky & Brosi, Prisca
(2025)
Why Is the Ceiling Silver? Uncovering the Role of Potential Appraisals in the Age–Promotion Relationship
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Goštautaitė, Bernadeta; Chudzikowski, Katharina, Cotton, Rick, Dickmann, Michael, Duarte, Henrique, Ferencikova, Sonia, Kaše, Robert, Lysova, Evgenia, Gómez, Sergio Manuel Madero, Mishra, Sushanta Kumar, Panayotopoulou, Leda, Kim, Najung, Reiss, Elo L. K., Saxena, Richa, Taniguchi, Mami, Verbruggen, Marijke, Akkermans, Jos, Apospori, Eleni, Bagdadli, Silvia, Briscoe, Jon P., Çakmak‐Otluoğlu, K. Övgü, Casado, Tania, Steindorsdottir, Bryndis Dogg, Lee, Jong-Seok, Dries, Nicky, Dysvik, Anders, Eggenhofer-Rehart, Petra, Gartzia, Leire, Gianecchini, Martina, Gubler, Martin, Hall, Douglas, Jepsen, Denise, Khapova, Svetlana, Parry, Emma, Krajcik, Daniel, Lapointe, Emilie, Mayrhofer, Wolfgang, Lazarova, Mila, Michel, Eric, Milikic, Biljana, Reichel, Astrid, Schramm, Florian, Smale, Adam, Stolz, Ingo, Russo, Silvia Dello, Suzanne, Pamela, Zikic, Jelena, Andresen, Maike, Buranapin, Siriwut, Bosak, Janine & Cerdin, Jean-Luc
(2025)
Age and Career Resilience Through the Lens of Life Course Theory: Examining Individual Mechanisms and Macro-Level Context Across 28 Countries
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Career resilience is critical to the world's aging workforce, aiding older workers in adapting to the ever-evolving nature of work. While ageist stereotypes often depict older workers as less resilient when faced with workplace changes, existing research studies offer conflicting evidence on whether older age hinders or improves career resilience. In response to this conflicting evidence, the present study employs multi-level data from 6772 employees in 28 countries to examine the age-career resilience relationships and underlying mechanisms, hence advancing our understanding of career resilience across the life course. By integrating macro-contextual factors such as the unemployment rate and the culture of education with individual-level mechanisms such as positive career meaning and career optimism, we provide a comprehensive model explaining how career resilience varies across age groups. Grounded in life course theory, our findings resolve prior inconsistencies in resilience research, contribute to bridging the micro-macro gap in HRM literature, and challenge existing age-based stereotypes.
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Berkel, Rik van & Breit, Eric
(2025)
Organizational Practices and Their Outcomes for Employees with Disabilities: A Review and Synthesis of Quantitative Studies
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Daouk-Öyry, Lina; Afiouni, Fida, Ghazzawi, Rawan & Alhaffar, Huda
(2025)
The Role of HRM in Building Resilience: The Relationality Imperative in Times of War
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Kopperud, Karoline & Kost, Dominique
(2025)
You cannot start a fire without a spark: Strengths-based leadership and personal initiative
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Ghazzawi, Rawan; Bender, Michael, He, Jia, Daouk-Öyry, Lina & Heijden, Beatrice I.J.M. Van der
(2025)
Examining the interplay between job crafting and job satisfaction: A cross-cultural investigation
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Furnham, Adrian & Dewaele, Jean-Marc
(2025)
The complex relationship between number of languages spoken and individuals’ personality, self-esteem and ideology
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A total of 843 adults from a number of different English-speaking countries indicated how many languages they speak reasonably well and provided background information on their demographic profile, their personality, their Self-esteem and their ideological views. Just over half were monolinguals, a third were bilinguals with the remaining participants being trilinguals. We correlated number of languages spoken with demography (age, education, sex), ideology (religious beliefs and political views), Self-esteem, and personality (as assessed by six work-related traits). Correlation and regression analysis showed that Self-esteem, Religiousness and trait Curiosity were most closely positively related to the number of languages spoken, while a surprising negative relationship emerged with trait Ambiguity Tolerance. There was also some indication that education (degree status) was related to number of languages spoken. Implications of the findings and limitations are considered.
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Andersen, Ingvild & Kuvaas, Bård
(2025)
When LMX-Differentiation Based on Equity is Less Fair: The Role of Need and Type of Resource
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Breit, Eric; Bråthen, Magne & Sadeghi, Talieh
(2025)
Distinctions between inclusive and non-inclusive companies for persons with disability: Exploring the impact of COM-B and HRM practices
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Paolino, Chiara; Molli, Federica De & Pinardi, F
(2025)
The emotional side of collecting: disgust and attraction in the art market
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Adamska, Katarzyna; Solberg, Elizabeth Anne & Wong, Sut I
(2025)
On digital mindset: How our beliefs can shape perceptions of and responses to digital change
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Haakonsen, Jon Magnus F; Furnham, Adrian & Cupello, Stephen
(2025)
Personality correlates of the five hindrances: a pilot study
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Buddhist teachings describe five hindrances to meditation and personal development: Sensory Desire, Ill-Will, Sloth and Torpor, Restlessness and Worry, and Sceptical Doubt. We developed a new 25-item measure for these hindrances and examined their relationships with demographics and personality traits. A sample of 263 adults completed the measure, a six-factor personality assessment, and provided demographic information. The hindrances demonstrated satisfactory internal reliability, but results showed only modest support for the measure's factor structure. Our analyses revealed minimal gender differences and no significant educational effects, but suggested that older participants were less affected by the hindrances. The personality factors showed a strong correlation with the hindrances, particularly in the domains of Adjustment and Risk Approach (Courage), where all relationships were negatively correlated. While the new scale offers practitioners insights into mental states affecting mindfulness, further refinement is needed. This pilot study encourages continued research into these hindrances and their broader implications.
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Pillet, Jean-Charles; Larsen, Kai Rune, Dobolyi, David, Handler, Abram, Queiroz, Magno, Arnulf, Jan Ketil & Sharma, Rajeev
(2025)
AI-Augmented Content Validation in Behavioral Research: Development and Evaluation of the RATER System
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Isaksen, Scott G. & Pupal, Soli
(2025)
Understanding the Climate for Creativity and Innovation: 40 Years of Progress on the Situational Outlook Questionnaire
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Swami, Viren; Akel, Marwan, Hanel, Paul H.P., Halbusi, Hussam Al, Alexias, George, Ali, Khawla F., Alp-Dal, Nursel, Alsalhani, Anas B., Álvarez-Solas, Sara, Amaral, Ana Carolina Soares, Andrianto, Sonny, Aspden, Trefor, Stieger, Stefan, Argyrides, Marios, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Atkin, Stephen, Ayandele, Olusola, Baceviciene, Migle, Bahbouh, Radvan, Ballesio, Andrea, Barron, David, Bellard, Ashleigh, Bender, Sóley Sesselja, Voracek, Martin, Beydaǧ, Kerime Derya, Birovljević, Gorana, Blackburn, Marie-Ève, Borja-Alvarez, Teresita, Borowiec, Joanna, Bozogáňová, Miroslava, Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid, Browning, Matthew H.E.M., Brytek-Matera, Anna, Burakova, Marina, Aavik, Toivo, Çakır-Koçak, Yeliz, Camacho, Pablo, Camilleri, Vittorio Emanuele, Cazzato, Valentina, Cerea, Silvia, Chaiwutikornwanich, Apitchaya, Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin, Chambers, Tim, Chen, Qing-Wei, Chen, Xin, Ranjbar, Hamed Abdollahpour, Chien, Chin-Lung, Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit, Choompunuch, Bovornpot, Compte, Emilio J., Corrigan, Jennifer, Cosmas, Getrude, Cowden, Richard G., Czepczor-Bernat, Kamila, Czub, Marcin, Silva, Wanderson Roberto da, Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju, Dadfar, Mahboubeh, Dalley, Simon E., Dany, Lionel, Datu, Jesus Alfonso D., Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Berbert de, Coelho, Gabriel Lins de Holanda, Jesus, Avila Odia S. De, Debbabi, Sonia Harzallah, Dhakal, Sandesh, Bernardo, Francesca Di, Afhami, Reza, Dimitrova, Donka D., Dion, Jacinthe, Dixson, Barnaby, Donofrio, Stacey M., Drysch, Marius, Du, Hongfei, Dzhambov, Angel M., El-Jor, Claire, Enea, Violeta, Eskin, Mehmet, Ahmed, Oli, Farbod, Farinaz, Farrugia, Lorleen, Fian, Leonie, Fisher, Maryanne L., Folwarczny, Michał, Frederick, David A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew, Furnham, Adrian, García, Antonio Alías, Geller, Shulamit, Aimé, Annie, Ghisi, Marta, Ghorbani, Alireza, Martinez, Maria Angeles Gomez, Gradidge, Sarah, Graf, Sylvie, Grano, Caterina, Gyene, Gyöngyvér, Hallit, Souheil, Hamdan, Motasem & Handelzalts, Jonathan E.
(2025)
Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups
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Balike, Ananya; Furnham, Adrian & Schermer, Julie Aitken
(2025)
Intelligence and variability in personality
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Frøyland, Kjetil; Breit, Eric & Spjelkavik, Øystein
(2025)
Engaged employers - engaged workplaces? Exploring workplace resistance to work inclusion of persons with disabilities (PwD)
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Mignacca, Benito; Sainati, Tristano & Locatelli, Giorgio
(2025)
Financing energy technologies from invention to innovation: A novel analytical framework
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Andersen, Svein S.
(2024)
Praktisk prestasjonsledelse i norsk toppidrett
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Gottschalk, Petter
(2024)
When Economic Sanctions Cause White-Collar and Corporate Crime: The Case of Hidden Russian Ownership Revealed by a Norwegian Insurance Firm
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Sanctions have criminalizing consequences. This paper addresses the issue of Russian businesses attempting to circumvent and evade sanctions by white-collar and corporate crime. The case presented in this paper concerns a Norwegian smolt production facility owned by Russians, who suddenly transferred ownership to a Norwegian because of the sanctions. It seemed that the Russians remained the real owners since the Norwegian paid nothing for the shares. While Norwegian police were reluctant to investigate the matter, a Norwegian insurance firm became worried that insurance premiums paid by the production facility in Norway could represent money laundering. This paper presents the case of potential money laundering by review of the literature on sanctions and by application of institutional theory. The fact that economic sanctions are problematic in themselves and in addition stimulate white-collar and corporate crime and even mafia business as exemplified in Iran, should be an important consideration against the trend of imposing sanctions on steadily more countries that are different from our countries.
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Johannessen, Seline Standahl & Karlsen, Jan Terje
(2024)
Agile transformation in the energy sector: empowering autonomous teams
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This study aims to explore how to structure an energy organization to be more agile in the context of digitalization and find the common success factors and challenges the organizations face to transform. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative multiple-case study of an energy company and an online market company, both from the Nordic countries, was conducted in 2023. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews with 16 participants. Findings This research provides valuable insights into the challenges and critical success factors crucial for a successful digital transformation. The study illuminates the interplay between technological advancements and organizational shifts, the adoption of agile methodologies, the importance of inclusive leadership and the integration of autonomous teams in realizing digital transformation goals. The research emphasizes the profound impact of these factors on the transformational journey within organizations. In particular, the adoption of agile methodologies takes on heightened significance in the swiftly evolving business landscape of today, calling for a transition from project-centric approaches to more adaptive and sustainable product-centric models.
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Andreassen, Tone Alm; Breit, Eric & Saltkjel, Therese
(2024)
Providing individualized services under complex conditions: A configurational analysis of street-level organizations
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Individualized services are provided under complex conditions, as a variety of factors can affect the ability of a street-level organization to adapt its services to individual needs and circumstances. Especially challenging are tensions between the means of control and standardization following new public management (NPM) and post-NPM ideas of holistic and coordinated services. Through a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of Norwegian sector-spanning street-level organizations, we show three different configurations that can promote individualized services. These consist of variations of structural circumstances (size, service variety); organizational responses (goal coherence, cross working); and manager capacity (professional background, managerial orientation). Service individualization is not an outcome of the interaction between street-level workers and clients alone, but an outcome of street-level organizations and their managers' use of measures and competencies across service sectors, and of their capacity to develop a shared perception of goals and an organization that handles institutional complexity.
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Müller, Ralf Josef & Wang, Linzhuo
(2024)
A Taxonomy of Project Management Offices and Their Organizational Project Management Landscapes
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Organizational project management (OPM) integrates project-related activities in organizations, including project management offices (PMOs) and their services. Using an organizational design perspective, this study models nine different PMO service delivery categories along scope, frequency, and delivery entity and identifies their particular OPM contexts (i.e., landscapes). Two hundred and sixty-five responses to a global survey identified nine types of OPM landscapes, grouped into three regions, with their particular logic of investment in OPM and their particular PMO service mix. The framework helps practitioners set up their PMOs in line with established practices. Academics benefit from a base for theorizing organizational designs using OPM.
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Nordmo, Morten; Bang, Lasse, Øvergaard, Anders & Lang-Ree, Ole Christian
(2024)
Declining Mental Health Without Diminished Military Service Motivation in Norwegian Adolescents From 2009 to 2022: A Research Note
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There is a growing concern that the mental health of adolescents is worsening and that this deterioration may influence adolescents’ willingness and ability to complete military service. The purpose of this study is to investigate yearly relationships between self-reported mental health indicators and motivation for military service. To accomplish this, nationwide yearly percentile records from repeated cross-sectional records of Norwegian cohorts (N = 891,600) collected from 2009 to 2022 were evaluated. The results show that the number of adolescents with self-reported mental health diagnoses increased every year for both males and females. Well-being and coping decreased over time for females (but not males), although absolute levels were high throughout the study period. Despite evidence of worsening mental health and well-being, self-described motivation and aptitude for military service were largely stable over time for both genders. The negative trends in mental health are not associated with functional consequences for adolescents’ motivation and aptitude to complete military service.
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Mayiwar, Lewend; Hærem, Thorvald & Løhre, Erik
(2024)
Self-Distancing Regulates the Effect of Incidental Anger (vs. Fear) on Affective Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
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Emotions integral to a task are often adaptive, particularly in situations where outcomes and probabilities are not known. However, decisions are also influenced by emotions that arise from situations unrelated to the task. This is especially the case with negative emotions like fear and anger, which also tend to be accompanied by ruminative thinking that might divert decision-makers' attention from the task at hand. In two preregistered experiments, we show how self-distancing regulates the influence of incidental anger (vs. fear) on decision-making under uncertainty. Participants recalled and reflected on a fear-related or anger-related event from either a self-immersed or self-distanced perspective. Next, they completed a task that is commonly used to measure affective decision-making under uncertainty, the Iowa Gambling Task. The results in both experiments indicated that self-immersed angry (vs. fearful) decision-makers were significantly slower to avoid the risky, disadvantageous decks. These findings demonstrate how the ways in which we process negative emotional events shape their carryover effects in decision-making under uncertainty and point to self-distancing as a potential tool to control incidental emotional influences.
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Espedal, Gry & Carlsen, Arne
(2024)
Value Inquiry and Constructing the Good in Organizations
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Research has taken important steps towards establishing values work in organizations as a performative phenomenon situated in practice. Yet, researchers have said little about the critical and creative nature of such work, including how it may build its agentic powers more so from what is ethically absent than from what is established. We approach this void by drawing from Dewey’s Pragmatism in a comparative analysis of how three value-laden issues tied to companionate love are handled in a faith-based hospital. We develop the notion of value inquiry, which we understand as a discovery-oriented and transformative constructing of the good that takes its originating creative desires from troublesome situations. Our findings suggest that ethically fruitful value inquiry involves opening such situations in a way that critically examines previous practice, enlists people in co-defining needs and engages them in sustained experimental action. By theorizing value inquiry, we relocate ethical agency as a responsive relational capacity emerging with coactive power in evolving situations. Such emergence highlights the relational processes of work on values in organizations. When inquiring together, people move beyond attending to the use of prescriptive value conceptions and into a creative mode of actively searching for and co-constructing the good.
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Arnulf, Jan Ketil & Furnham, Adrian
(2024)
“Never mind the fine print”: The interaction of semantics with attitude strength beliefs on corporate cover-ups
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This study examined the interaction between attitude strength and the cognitive constraints imposed by the semantic properties of measurement items. It made use of digital algorithms and built on the semantic theory of survey response (STSR), examining how people who hold strong beliefs about contemporary issues violate cognitive constraints in expressing strong attitudes. We examined the beliefs people hold concerning attempts to hide, or cover up, information about organisational scandals. Beliefs in cover-ups are related to beliefs in conspiracy theories in that they tend to overrate cues of wrongdoing, disregarding information that may render a more nuanced picture of events. We obtained responses from 405 people who rated their self-images and personal strengths, and explored how these variables influenced the respondents' beliefs in corporate cover-ups. Using latent semantic analysis (LSA), we differentiated between attitude strength and cognitive processing of the survey items. Results indicated that people with inflated self-images tended to override cognitive cues in endorsing extreme types of cover-ups such as removing accusers. Conversely, people who parse the information more carefully had a more tempered view on cover-ups and were more inclined to believe in subtle forms such as twisting stories.
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Furnham, Adrian; Cuppello, Stephen & Semmelink, David S.
(2024)
Personality and Interpersonal Influence: Low Adjustment and Low Competitiveness is Associated With Low Assertiveness
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Sultan, Mubashir; Tump, Alan N., Ehmann, Nina, Lorenz-Spreen, Philipp, Hertwig, Ralph, Gollwitzer, Anton & Kurvers, Ralf H J M
(2024)
Susceptibility to online misinformation: A systematic meta-analysis of demographic and psychological factors
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 121(47), p. 1-12.
Doi:
10.1073/pnas.2409329121
Show summary
Nearly five billion people use and receive news through social media and there is widespread concern about the negative consequences of misinformation on social media (e.g., election interference, vaccine hesitancy). Despite a burgeoning body of research on misinformation, it remains largely unclear who is susceptible to misinformation and why. To address this, we conducted a systematic individual participant data meta-analysis covering 256,337 unique choices made by 11,561 US-based participants across 31 experiments. Our meta-analysis reveals the impact of key demographic and psychological factors on online misinformation veracity judgments. We also disentangle the ability to discern between true and false news (discrimination ability) from response bias, that is, the tendency to label news as either true (true-news bias) or false (false-news bias). Across all studies, participants were well above-chance accurate for both true (68.51%) and false (67.24%) news headlines. We find that older age, higher analytical thinking skills, and identifying as a Democrat are associated with higher discrimination ability. Additionally, older age and higher analytical thinking skills are associated with a false-news bias (caution). In contrast, ideological congruency (alignment of participants’ ideology with news), motivated reflection (higher analytical thinking skills being associated with a greater congruency effect), and self-reported familiarity with news are associated with a true-news bias (naïvety). We also find that experiments on MTurk show higher discrimination ability than those on Lucid. Displaying sources alongside news headlines is associated with improved discrimination ability, with Republicans benefiting more from source display. Our results provide critical insights that can help inform the design of targeted interventions.
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Leka, Jona & Furnham, Adrian
(2024)
Correlates of climate change skepticism
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While much research has examined the correlates of climate change beliefs from an alarmist perspective, less work has systematically measured climate change skepticism. This study aims to create a comprehensive tool capturing climate skeptics’ beliefs and test its association with individual difference variables. 502 European adults completed a 22-item questionnaire on climate change (CC) skepticism as well as measures of ambiguity tolerance, belief in a just world (BJW), dark-side personality traits, and self-esteem. Principal components analysis revealed a four dimension structure of CC. Political ideology was the most consistent and significant predictor across the climate change skepticism factors. Dark-side traits, also played a role. Future research should further validate this measure and explore how climate change information could be tailored to different audiences. Understanding the nuances and causes of climate skepticism can enable more effective communication to promote sustainability.
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Gollwitzer, Anton; Marshall, Julia, Lee, Young-eun, Deutchman, Paul, Warneken, Felix & McAuliffe, Katherine
(2024)
Parent and community political orientation predicts children's health behaviours
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Does political partisanship extend to childhood? To what degree are children, a largely non-political population, impacted by parents’ and communities’ political orientations? We examined children's behaviours and attitudes during a politically divisive event – the COVID-19 pandemic. Children (4- to 12-year-olds; N = 313) of liberal (vs. conservative) parents reported greater preventive COVID-19 behaviours, such as mask wearing and physical distancing, and responded more positively to these health behaviours. At the community level, children living in Democratic-voting (vs. Republican-voting) U.S. counties more strongly endorsed preventive COVID-19 behaviours. Political orientation was a better predictor than education, income, religiosity, population-density, and infection rates. Mediation and moderation analyses revealed that the parent–child political link was driven by children's perceptions of their parents' guidance, behaviours, and concern about COVID-19, and that this link was attenuated in Democratic- versus Republican-voting counties. Political orientation appears to play an unexpectedly prominent role, both at the intimate family and broader community level, in determining children's behaviours and attitudes.
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Furnham, Adrian; Cuppello, Stephen & Fenton-O'Creevy, Mark
(2024)
Correlates of Stock Market Investment
Show summary
In this study, we were concerned with the correlates of stock market (SM) participation.
In all, 1,202 working adults indicated whether or not they invested in the stock market,
and which was split almost equally between those that did and did not. We were interested
in the extent to which their demography (age, sex, education), self-assessed wealth,
as well as personality traits predicted their participation. We used a six-factor robust
measure of work personality (High Potential Trait Indicator). Correlational analysis
indicated that the strongest correlation of stock market participation were wealth, sex,
age, and trait Risk Tolerance. We then did a binary logistic regression which indicated
that being male increased the odds of having invested in the stock market by 91%, and
an increase of 1 year in age increased the odds by 3%. Ambiguity Acceptance and
trait Competitiveness were among the High Potential Trait Indicator personality variables
that were significant predictors of stock market investment. Implications and limitations
are acknowledged.
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Løhre, Erik; Chandrashekar, Subramanya Prasad, Mayiwar, Lewend & Hærem, Thorvald
(2024)
Uncertainty, expertise, and persuasion: A replication and extension of Karmarkar and Tormala (2010)
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If you are trying to persuade someone, expressing your opinion with certainty intuitively seems like a good strategy to maximize your influence. However, Karmarkar and Tormala (2010) found that the effectiveness of this tactic depends on expertise. In three experiments, Karmarkar and Tormala found support for an incongruity hypothesis, whereby non-expert sources can gain interest and influence by expressing certainty, while expert sources can increase persuasion by expressing uncertainty. In this Registered Report, we conducted a high-powered (N = 1018) direct replication of Experiment 2 by Karmarkar and Tormala (2010). In a consumer behaviour context, the original study examined whether source expertise moderated the positive effect of source certainty on the persuasive impact of a restaurant recommendation. The present replication failed to find support for the incongruity hypothesis, ηp2 = 0.00 [0.00, 0.02]: expressing certainty had a positive but non-significant effect for non-experts, d = 0.10 [−0.10, 0.34], and a positive effect for experts, d = 0.28 [0.03, 0.52]. Instead, the results supported the competing confidence heuristic hypothesis that expressed certainty would have a positive effect on persuasion, irrespective of source expertise, d = 0.18 [0.01, 0.36]. Extending the original work, we (1) controlled for the reason given for (un)certainty, and (2) examined need for closure as a potential individual difference moderator. The results indicated robust support for the confidence heuristic d = 0.25, [0.12, 0.37], but neither reason for (un)certainty nor need for closure moderated the effect as hypothesized. All materials, data, and code are available on: https://osf.io/hbjyv/.
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Aksnes, Siri Yde & Breit, Eric
(2024)
Arbeidsinkludering fra et arbeidsgiverperspektiv – en kvalitativ studie av samarbeidsrelasjoner mellom støtteapparat og arbeidsgivere
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This article investigates employers’ experiences of collaborating with employment services when recruiting individuals with reduced work capacity. The study is based on qualitative interviews with 21 companies that have experience with the inclusion of this target group. We identify four main types of collaboration: unilateral, ad hoc, co-creation, and strategic. These differ from each other based on the proximity to the services and how proactive a role the companies themselves take with the services. The findings indicate that many companies take a significant initiative to ensure that the collaboration works according to the company’s own needs. Where collaboration is challenging, several managers take on the role of social workers and go to great lengths to succeed with inclusion. For employment services, the insights from this article are important to develop good and various types of collaboration depending on the needs of employers.
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Marshall, Julia; Mermin-Bunnell, Kellen, Gollwitzer, Anton, Retelsdorf, Jan & Bloom, Paul
(2024)
Cross-cultural conceptions of third-party intervention across childhood
Journal of experimental psychology. General, 153(9), p. 2216-2229.
Doi:
10.1037/xge0001617
Show summary
Third-party intervention is a cornerstone of cooperative societies, yet we know little about how children develop an understanding of this social behavior. The present work generates a cross-cultural and developmental picture of how 6-, 9-, and 12-year-olds (N = 447) across four societies (India, Germany, Uganda, and the United States) reason about third-party intervention. To do so, we measured children’s obligation judgments and unstructured descriptions of third-party intervention. Although some cultural differences emerged, 6-year-olds largely considered bystanders as obligated to respond to wrongdoing, regardless of the bystander’s social position. In contrast, 9- and 12-year-olds were more likely to exclusively ascribe this social responsibility to people in positions of authority. Despite these age differences, children of all ages generated role-specific descriptions of third-party intervention, with authority figures intervening in distinct ways from peers. For authority figures, children in India and Uganda described third-party intervention as involving corporal punishment or unspecified punishment, whereas children in the United States described such intervention as involving only verbal intervention (i.e., telling someone to stop). For peers, children in all societies described third-party intervention as involving reporting misdeeds to an authority. Collectively, these data show that early conceptualizations of third-party intervention are rooted in shared notions of obligation yet are also subject to cultural and contextual influences.
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Hagen, Ingunn & Hagen, Øivind
(2024)
The impact of yoga on occupational stress and wellbeing: exploring practitioners’ experiences
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Background: Workplace stress is a serious problem globally. It represents a major threat to the UN’s sustainability goal of good health and wellbeing (SDG 3). The purpose of this article is to explore how yoga may be a tool for increased wellbeing and stress management at work and in everyday life. Methods: To examine how yoga can facilitate employees’ wellbeing and ability to cope with stress, we performed qualitative interviews with practitioners who did yoga regularly. We focused on how yoga was experienced by each of our interviewees and what practicing yoga meant to them. Our data material consists of 13 semi-structured lifeworld interviews. The sample consisted of 10 female and 3 male in the age range of 20–55 years old. The data were analyzed through a thematic analysis. Results: The themes identified in the thematic analysis include: (1) yoga as a tool for increased wellbeing, (2) yoga for coping with stress and dealing with challenges, (3) the role of breathing, and (4) contextual factors. While confirming other research findings, this article elaborates on aspects informants described as induced by yoga, like self-awareness, calmness, balance, moodlifting, focus, presence, self-care, and mastery. The reported positive outcomes of yoga constituted increased wellbeing, and also facilitated the ability to cope with stress and experience less stress. Informants also emphasized that yogic breathing was a central factor in inducing wellbeing and feeling less stressed. They also expressed that contextual factors, such as time, teacher, and location, influenced how practicing yoga was experienced and made sense of. Conclusion: The study concludes that the interviewees experienced practicing yoga as positive, by reducing their occupational stress. Moreover, yoga increased their wellbeing, as well as their ability to cope with stress. These experienced changes were especially
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marrewijk, Alfons van & Steen, Hans van der
(2024)
Organizational learning from construction fatalities: Balancing juridical, ethical, and operational processes
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Construction work is associated with high risks of fatalities. Effective, deep and lasting learning from incidents is important for the safety of employees, but not well developed in the construction sector. We studied the organizational processes after a fatality through an auto-ethnographic field work study and found three distinct, but interrelated processes to normalize construction work; juridical, ethical and operational processes. Balanced attention to all three processes supports an effective, deep and lasting learning from incidents. We contribute to the learning from incidents literature with the insight that balanced attention for all three processes helps to learn from incidents and to improve the safety of workers. Furthermore, second victims can be important for the learning of incidents process. Finally, the findings throw new light on inadequate supervision of safety procedures, as the temporary characteristics of projects forces workers to deviate from safety procedures.
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Zhou, Abby Jingzi; Jiang, Yangyang, Zhou, Steven Shijin, Lapointe, Emilie & Bai, Yuntao
(2024)
The development of a calling by hospitality employees during an extreme event
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This study explores the development of a calling by hospitality employees during extreme events. Despite the importance of a calling in the hospitality industry, the process of its cultivation has not been explored. Using event system theory and research on sensegiving and sensemaking, we explore the evolution of employee perceptions of an extreme event and the impact of this evolution on the development of a calling. Our interviews with hotel employees who worked during a lockdown due to COVID-19 demonstrate that extreme events can stimulate and develop a calling among employees, particularly when their perceptions of the event converge. This study contributes to the literature on hospitality and organizational behavior by revealing that an extreme event can shape, transmit, and communalize a calling among employees.
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Koppenjan, Joop; Verweij, Stefan & marrewijk, Alfons van
(2024)
The Netherlands
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Furnham, Adrian & Cheng, Helen
(2024)
Correlates of maternal Openness
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This study explored correlates of maternal trait Openness, drawing on data from a large, nationally representative sample of children in the UK. This was collected from mothers when their children were at the age of 9 months, 3, 7, 11 and 15 years old. The outcome variable was maternal trait Openness, in a sample of 7,856 mothers who were, on average, 28 years old when their child was born. Structural equation modelling showed that maternal psychological distress and self-esteem, as well as parent-child relationship, children’s behavioural problems and maternal educational qualifications all had modest, but significant and direct, effects on maternal trait Openness. The strongest predictor was maternal educational qualifications, though all effect sizes were small. Age was significantly, and positively, associated with the outcome variable. Speculations about processes and mechanisms are made. The limitations are also discussed.
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Wang, Linzhuo & Jiang, Mengtong
(2024)
Digital Platforms: Empowering and transforming collaborations
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Hasbi, Marie M. & marrewijk, Alfons van
(2024)
Navigating Tensions in the Organizational Change Process towards Hybrid Workspace
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This article examines the change process of implementing hybrid workspace within organizations. Hybrid workspace involves employees working from multiple locations and has become an important topic during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study aims to better understand the tensions emerging in the change process towards hybrid workspace and the responses by organizational members. Drawing on a case study of a major bank in Paris, this study finds four relevant tensions that emerge when implementing hybrid workspace: (1) connecting with vs. disconnecting from others, (2) agile vs. sedentary work, (3) paperless vs. paper-based working, and (4) telework vs. corporate space routines. These findings contribute to reshaping workspace literature by viewing organizational change through a tension lens while connecting different micro-processes of the planned change. Furthermore, this study contributes to the debates on hybrid workspace by viewing space as an ongoing process, through the dynamic interaction between individuals and technology in producing hybrid workspace.
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Wang, Linzhuo; Wang, Xinnan & Liu, Xuemei
(2024)
Project Governance and Governance of Interorganizational Project Networks: Toward Understanding Their Relationships and Future Research Agenda
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This article considers and reflects upon the mark that Ralf Müller made through his published research on project governance. From project governance to governance of interorganizational project networks, Müller, along with his coauthors, has made significant contributions to project governance literature. In light of these two decades of theoretical development, we compare and synthesize the key elements of project governance and network governance. We provide a model that integrates project governance and network governance and propose several main themes for future research, including investigation of network governors, network governance design, mechanisms and principles, and its impact on improved project performance.
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Sunde, Erlend; Harris, Anette, Olsen, Olav Kjellevold & Pallesen, Ståle
(2024)
Moral decision-making at night and the impact of night work with blue-enriched white light or warm white light: a counterbalanced crossover study
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Background:
Cognitive function, including moral decision-making abilities, can be impaired bysleep loss. Blue-enriched light interventions have been shown to ameliorate cognitive impairmentduring night work. this study investigated whether the quality of moral decision-making during simulated night work differed for night work in blue-enriched white light, compared to warmwhite light.
Methods:
Using a counterbalanced crossover design, three consecutive night shifts wereperformed in blue-enriched white light (7000 K) and warm white light (2500 K) provided byceiling-mounted leD luminaires (photopic illuminance: ~200 lx). at 03:30 h on the second shift (i.e.twice) and at daytime (rested), the Defining issues test-2, assessing the activation of cognitiveschemas depicting different levels of cognitive moral development, was administered. Data from30 (10 males, average age 23.3 ± 2.9 years) participants were analysed using linear mixed-effectsmodels.
Results:
Activation of the post-conventional schema (P-score), that is, the most mature morallevel, was significantly lower for night work in warm white light (eMM; estimated marginal mean= 44.3, 95% ci = 38.9–49.6; pholm=.007), but not blue-enriched white light (eMM = 47.5, 95% ci =42.2–52.8), compared to daytime (eMM = 51.2, 95% ci = 45.9–56.5). also, the P-score was reducedfor night work overall (eMM = 45.9, 95% ci = 41.1–50.8; p=.008), that is, irrespective of lightcondition, compared to daytime. Neither activation of the maintaining norms schema (MN-score),that is, moderately developed moral level, nor activation of the personal interest schema (i.e. thelowest moral level) differed significantly between light conditions. the MN-score was howeverincreased for night work overall (eMM = 26.8, 95% ci = 23.1–30.5; p=.033) compared to daytime(eMM = 23.1, 95% ci = 18.9–27.2).Conclusion: the results indicate that moral decisions during simulated night work in warm whitelight, but not blue-enriched white light, become less mature and principle-oriented, and morerule-based compared to daytime, hence blue-enriched white light may function as a moderator. Further studies are needed, and the findings should be tentatively considered
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Gottschalk, Petter
(2024)
Investigating and Prosecuting White-Collar and Corporate Crime: Challenges and Barriers for National Police Agencies
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Many countries have established national authorities to investigate and prosecute serious and complex white-collar and corporate crime incidents. This article reviews research literature regarding external challenges and barriers for national agencies in Norway (Økokrim), New Zealand (SFO), the United Kingdom (SFO), and the Netherlands (OSF). The policing study in this article is important as it illustrates dilemmas that governments need to address when reviewing their national fraud offices and economic crime authorities. While Økokrim in Norway seems reluctant to prosecute too complex economic crime cases, the SFO in New Zealand attempts prevention of deinstitutionalization, the SFO in the UK might have deterrence effects, while the OSF in the Netherlands is challenged by the private industry of corporate investigators. These are some of the challenges and barriers facing national authorities that are charged with the tasks of investigating and prosecuting white-collar and corporate crime at the national level. The identified challenges and barriers especially related to the convenience theory perspective should enable future research to identify relevant actions.
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Müller, Ralf Josef; Locatelli, Giorgio, Holzmann, Vered, Nilsson, Marly & Sagay, Temisan
(2024)
Artificial Intelligence and Project Management: Empirical Overview, State of the Art, and Guidelines for Future Research
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Gottschalk, Petter & Hamerton, Christopher
(2024)
Characteristics of Crime Convenience: The Case of Corporate
Offenders
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This article presents a review of the research addressing the seriousness of corporate crime and the convenience for corporate offenders. Insights from this review are important as detection and prevention of corporate crime is dependent on addressing convenience issues for offenders. The perspective in this article suggests that convenience is a matter of avoiding strain and pain, saving time and efforts, overcoming barriers where the fences are at their lowest to gain from business possibilities and to avoid business threats such as bankruptcy. The opportunity for deviance among corporate offenders is typically based on their high social status and their legitimate access to resources to do both the right things and the wrong things. The opportunity structure to conceal deviance consists of institutional deterioration, lack of oversight and guardianship, and sometimes also criminal market forces. This is a scoping review article to identify convenience characteristics of corporate offenses and corporate offenders.
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Gottschalk, Petter
(2024)
Impression management following investigation and prosecution scandal in Norwegian police: a review of press releases
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This article presents research regarding impression management following a white-collar investigation and prosecution scandal by the National Authority for Investigation and Prosecution of Economic and Environmental Crime in Norway. The authority issued 39 press releases in one year, which communicate focus on less serious crime cases combined with deterrence by taking on cases without ever bringing them to court. Deterrence strategy by investigations implies that the authority passes penalties on suspects who never have a chance to defend themselves in court. The penalty is suffering from negative public attention, lack of job opportunities, and time spent in detention and interrogation as an accused where they have to explain themselves. The authority then behaves like a court where they punish people. However, that is a role assigned to judges and not to investigators or prosecutors. The authority argues that it is difficult to obtain the necessary information without a thorough investigation. While this is certainly true, a policing principle seems forgotten that an investigation should only be launched when it is somehow obvious that crime has indeed occurred by a criminal.
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Furnham, Adrian & Cuppello, Stephen
(2024)
Correlates of the Dark Tetrad
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This study explored demographic, ideological, self-rating and personality traits correlates of the Dark Tetrad (DT4) which measures Narcissism (Special), Machiavellianism (Crafty), Psychopathy (Wild), and Sadism (Mean) traits. In total, 447 adults completed three tests: a bright-side, work-related, personality test (HPTI: High Performance Type Indicator), a dark-side test (Short Dark Tetrad) and a number of self-ratings. Correlations and regressions showed that all four dark traits were associated with low Adjustment (Neuroticism), but also with high Risk-Taking and Competitiveness (low Agreeableness). The various measures accounted for a third of the variance in explaining the Mean (Sadistic) score, and 40 % for Special (Narcissism). Trait Competitiveness was most closely associated with all four dark traits.
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Burchi, Sandra & Carignani, Sahizer Samuk
(2024)
Una questione culturale. Integrazione e mobilità spaziale
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Gottschalk, Petter
(2024)
Content analysis of press releases from the Norwegian serious fraud office: what do the messages say about focal concerns?
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Purpose This article reviews 69 press releases published by the Norwegian Økokrim from June 2022 to November 2023. The presented research applies the theory of focal concerns to identify the main themes in the press releases. Design/methodology/approach Serious fraud offices such as the Norwegian national authority for investigation and prosecution of economic and environmental crime (Økokrim) are facing many challenges when combating white-collar and corporate crime. Press releases represent an element of facing such challenges, as the messages are an important vehicle for the organization to disclose organizational activities to the public. Findings Three themes emerged: offender conviction, impression management and crime deterrence. Offender prosecution followed by offender conviction is at the core of Økokrim's business. Impression management serves the purpose of emphasizing the important role of the national authority in society. The subjective perception of detection and prosecution by potential offenders can be influenced by crime deterrence messages. Research limitations/implications Press releases are signals that may be interpreted in other ways. Practical implications When politicians are to review national authorities, they may want a slightly different serious fraud office. Social implications The deterrence effect is often not real for alleged white-collar crime. Originality/value Understanding a national authority in terms of its focal concerns based on press releases from the authority.
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Gottschalk, Petter
(2024)
Deferred Prosecution Agreements as Miscarriage of Justice: An Exploratory Study of Corporate Convenience
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Deferred prosecution agreements and similar arrangements are practiced in many countries when there is suspicion of corporate crime. It is an agreement based on a negotiation that permits the allegedly guilty party not to undergo a criminal trial if they avoid committing further wrongdoing for a specified period of time. This article reviews such agreements in light of two different situations where the corporation is actually guilty and where the corporation is actually not guilty. An innocent company signing such an agreement suffers from miscarriage of justice. A guilty company on the other hand can restore the convenience of committing corporate crime. This article argues that deferred prosecution agreements violate basic principles of justice. The research suggests that serious fraud offices and other public bodies need to be restored to enable complete criminal prosecution when there are suspicions of corporate wrongdoing. This suggestion is based on the assumption that the underlying problem is law enforcement incompetence at investigating and prosecuting corporate crime.