Institutt for retts­vitenskap og styring

Publikasjoner

• Esayas, Samson Yoseph (2023)
  The Important Role of Emergence in Conceptualizing the Challenges of New Technologies to Private Law
  European Review of Private Law, 4.
  Vis sammendrag

  Consider the following legal quandaries: a victim of a wrongdoing without a perpetrator, a work of art without an author, or the possibility that the sum of legally compliant behaviors give rise to non-compliance. Welcome to the world of emergence in law. The concept of emergent properties is central to systems thinking. It is commonly expressed as “the whole is more than the sum of its parts” where the “whole” represents the “emergent property.” This concept helps us understand how complexity emerges and allows systems engineers to look beyond the properties of individual components of a system and understand the system as a complex whole. In practice, this way of thinking militates against two kinds of fallacies: the fallacy of composition and the fallacy of division. The former occurs when one wrongfully attributes the properties of the component parts to the system as a whole whereas the latter arises when one wrongfully attributes the properties of the system as a whole to component parts. I argue that emergence provides an overarching framework to explain the challenges that technological developments associated with big data, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics pose for different domains of private law, including privacy, data protection, IP, and tort laws. By creating new objects, possibilities for new action and new relationships, changes associated with the above technologies encourage the formation of emergent properties, which in turn pose attribution challenges for these legal domains. Two attribution challenges are particularly noteworthy. If we fail to address them properly, they may lead to the fallacies of composition and/or division. Further, emergence may help explain some of the regulatory responses and suggestions provoked by changes associated with the above technologies. For example, emergence and the desire to avoid the fallacy of division can explain suggestions to grant AI systems some form of legal (electronic) personhood and thereby bestow legal responsibility or entitlement on them. Thus, one way the law might usefully adapt during times of technological change would be by taking emergence seriously. This includes recognizing the possibility that the sum of fully complaint behaviours may create behaviour that is not compliant or not in the spirit of the law. Taking emergence seriously would also include being open to the prospect of a harm or legal entitlement existing without a perpetrator or a rightholder and finding new ways to address this prospect.

• Lind, Yvette (2023)
  Auditioning for Hollywood. A comparative study of tax incentives offered to the film industry
  Intertax, 51(1), p. 170-182.
• Rønning, Thomas & Bråthen, Gina (2022)
  HR-2021-2532-A. Arbeidsgivers trekk i lønn for påstått feilutbetaling (motregning). Tolkning av arbeidsavtale med klausul om lønnstrekk. Tilbakebetaling. Condictio indebiti. Dissens 4-1.
  Nytt i privatretten : nyhetsbrev for informasjon på det privatret, 24(1).
• Sitter, Nick & Goldthau, Andreas (2022)
  The EU Green Deal and economic competitiveness
  Baltic Rim Economies.
• Goldthau, Andreas & Sitter, Nick (2022)
  Whither the Liberal European Union Energy Model? The Public Policy Consequences of Russia’s Weaponization of Energy
  CESifo Forum, 23(6), p. 4-7.
• Lind, Yvette (2022)
  A Critical Review of the relationship between State and Taxpayer in the light of the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Critical Commentary done through a Comparative Lens
  Australian Tax Review, 51, p. 192-204.
• Innset, Ola (2022)
  Metahistory as Public History: On Introducing Metahistorical Perspectives in Events about Events
  History: The Journal of the Historical Association, p. 392-407. Doi: 10.1111/1468-229X.13265
• Espeli, Harald (2022)
  The minimum wage regulations in the Act on Industrial Home Work 1918–1995
  Arbeiderhistorie, 36(1), p. 67-88. Doi: 10.18261/ARBEIDERHISTORIE.36.1.5
  Vis sammendrag

  Norges første og mest langvarige minstelønnslov, loven om industrielt hjemmearbeid, ble vedtatt enstemmig av Stortinget i januar 1918. Det var en tidsbegrenset lov for fem år som ble forlenget to ganger før den i 1933 ble gjort permanent. Bare et par ganger på 1920-tallet var det parlamentarisk strid om lovens utforming. Hjemmearbeidsloven skulle kontrollere lønns- og arbeidsforhold ved produksjon av klær og andre produkter av industriell karakter, som foregikk i arbeidernes hjem eller hos en mellommann. Loven åpnet for å innføre minstelønnsregulering, noe som ble innført i hovedstaden i 1920 og etter hvert også andre steder. Et overveldende flertall av hjemmearbeiderne var kvinner. Det var hensynet til disse lavtlønnede og ofte utbyttede kvinnene som var hovedbegrunnelsen for loven. Minstelønnsreguleringene omfattet langt mer enn halvparten av hjemmearbeiderne på 1930-tallet, og reguleringene økte lønningene for de aller fleste av disse. Loven ble ikke endret etter 1939 og ble gradvis foreldet. Da loven ble opphevet i 1995, hadde den for lengst sluttet å ha betydning.

• Fernández, Jonatan Echebarria (2022)
  Public Health restrictions on the European Union’s four freedoms to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learnt and a critical analysis
  The Columbia journal of European law, 28(1).
• Midttun, Atle; Khanieva, Marina, Lia, Magne & Wenner, Eivind (2022)
  The greening of the European petroleum industry
  Energy Policy, 167. Doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112964
• Skjønberg, Alexander Sønderland (2022)
  Kommentarer til arbeidsmiljøloven kapittel 11, 14 og 16.
  Karnov lovkommentarer.
• Fjeldheim, Paul Henning (2022)
  Eiendomsmeglers plikt og rett til å varsle barnevernet
  Lov og Rett, 61(5), p. 319-329. Doi: 10.18261/lor.61.5.5
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  Artikkelen tar for seg eiendomsmeglers plikt og rett til å varsle barnevernet i tilfeller hvor befaring av en eiendom gir opphav til bekymringer knyttet til barns bo- og familieforhold.

• Bråthen, Gina (2022)
  Kommentarer til allmennaksjeloven kapittel 1,2,10, 11, 15, 18, 19, 20.
  Karnov lovkommentarer.
• Minde, Stine Winger (2022)
  Styrets arbeid med bærekraft etter norsk rett
  Nordisk Tidsskrift for Selskabsret.
• Espeli, Harald (2022)
  Fra lokal til nasjonal offentlighet: Offentlige skattelister gjennom mer enn 200 år.
  Skatterett, 41(2), p. 180-220. Doi: 10.18261/skatterett.41.2.3
• Espeli, Harald (2022)
  Handelslønnsloven 1918–1925 – et lokalhistorisk perspektiv
  Heimen - Lokal og regional historie, 59(4), p. 330-350. Doi: 10.18261/heimen.59.4.5
• Benestad Anderssen, Harald (2022)
  Lovkommentarer til avhendingsloven
  Karnov lovkommentarer.
• Novovic, Milos (2022)
  Privacy Nutrition Labels, App Store and the GDPR: Unintended Consequences?
  Journal of Data Protection and Privacy.
• Callegari, Beniamino; Hvidsten, Adeline & Rai, Ranvir Singh (2022)
  Exploring Business Model Innovation in the Norwegian Grocery Market
  Proceedings of the European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, ECIE. Doi: 10.34190/ecie.17.1.706
• Callegari, Beniamino & Feder, Christophe (2022)
  A Literature Review of Pandemics and Development: the Long-Term Perspective
  Economics of Disasters and Climate Change.
• Minde, Stine Winger (2022)
  Styrets arbeid med bærekraft etter norsk rett
  Nordisk Tidsskrift for Selskabsret.
• Bråthen, Tore & Minde, Stine Winger (2022)
  Styrets arbeid med bærekraft
  Nordisk Tidsskrift for Selskabsret.
• Espeli, Harald (2022)
  Bør Riksrevisjonen fortsatt være Stortingets revisor?
  Nordisk Administrativt Tidsskrift, 99(3), p. 1--17. Doi: 10.7577/nat.4718
• Ellingsæter, Sjur Swensen & Hveem, Dag Jørgen (2022)
  Karnov lovkommentar (panteloven)
  Karnov lovkommentarer.
• Skjønberg, Alexander Sønderland (2022)
  Arbeidstvistloven kapittel 1, 2 og 3
  Karnov lovkommentarer.
• Hemmingby, Anette (2022)
  Kommentar til Lov om 1 og 17 mai som høgtidsdager
  Karnov lovkommentarer.
• Hemmingby, Anette (2022)
  The Right of Free Movement Must Yield to Fundamental Human Right
  International Labor Rights Case Law.
• Sogner, Knut (2021)
  Creating and Protecting paths. Learning in an entrepreneurial state
  Enterprise & Society. Doi: 10.1017/eso.2021.54
• Collste, David; Cornell, Sarah E., Randers, Jørgen, Rockström, Johan & Stoknes, Per Espen (2021)
  Human well-being in the Anthropocene: Limits to growth
  Global Sustainability, p. 1-17. Doi: 10.1017/sus.2021.26
• Jåstad, Eirik Ogner; Bolkesjø, Torjus Folsland, Rørstad, Per Kr., Midttun, Atle, Sandquist, Judit & Trømborg, Erik (2021)
  The future role of forest-based biofuels: Industrial impacts in the Nordic countries
  Energies, 14(8). Doi: 10.3390/en14082073
  Vis sammendrag

  This study applies a partial equilibrium forest sector model to analyse the impacts of biofuel deployment for road transport in the Nordic countries, when alternative use of the biomass resources and transport sector electrification are considered. We foresee a strong electrification of the transport sector, resulting in a demand for biofuels of approximately 2.5 billion L in 2035 and 1 billion L in 2050 in a 100% fossil-free base scenario. The simultaneous increase in demand from pulping industries and biofuel will cause an overall increase in wood use, of which the biofuels share will constitute approximately 20–25%. The utilization of harvest residues will increase more than 300% compared to the current level, since biofuel production will reallocate some of the current raw material used in district heating. Biofuel consumption in road transport will likely reduce after 2040 due to increasing electrification, but it is plausible that the declining domestic demand will be replaced by increasing demand from international biofuel markets in aviation and shipping. The main uncertainties in the scenarios are the future costs and profitability of forest-based biofuel technologies and the public acceptance of the close to 100 TWh of new renewable electricity production needed for the electrification of Nordic road transport

• Stoknes, Per Espen; Bjerke Soldal, Olav, Hansen, Sissel, Kvande, Ingvar & Skjelderup, Sylvia Weddegjerde (2021)
  Willingness to Pay for Crowdfunding Local Agricultural Climate Solutions
  Sustainability, 13(16). Doi: 10.3390/su13169227
• Goldthau, Andreas & Sitter, Nick (2021)
  Horses for courses. The roles of IPE and Global Public Policy in global energy research
  Policy and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Policy Research, 40(4), p. 467-483. Doi: 10.1080/14494035.2020.1864100
• Espeli, Harald (2021)
  Beskatningen av aksjeselskap før Norge fikk en aksjelov i 1910
  Skatterett, 40(1), p. 41-69. Doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-310X-2021-01-03 ER
• Espeli, Harald (2021)
  Minstelønnsloven for underordnede handelsfolk 1918–1925
  Arbeiderhistorie, 25(1), p. 80-100. Doi: 10.18261/issn.2387-5879-2021-01-06
• Espeli, Harald (2021)
  Beskatningen av aksjeselskapene og aksjonærene i skattelovene av 1911
  Skatterett, 40(2), p. 134-151. Doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-310X-2021-02-05 ER
• Innset, Ola (2021)
  An Army of Fighters for Freedom. The social environment of the first Mont Pélerin-Society conference
  Revue d' Economie politique, 131(5), p. 753-776. Doi: 10.3917/redp.315.0035
• Callegari, Beniamino & Feder, Christophe (2021)
  Entrepreneurship and the systemic consequences of epidemics: A literature review and emerging model
  The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, p. 1-32. Doi: 10.1007/s11365-021-00790-2