Age, income, education, and gender influence our happiness— but what will it take to build a happier society?
Happiness is a universal aspiration. No matter where we live, the pursuit of happiness shapes many of the choices we make. Yet, our stage in life, personal experiences, and social context all influence how we define a happy life.
A recent study offers insight into how factors such as age, income, education, and gender relate to happiness among Norwegians. The findings prompt reflection—and perhaps a call to action.
The study reveals that Norwegians are, on the whole, relatively happy. An impressive 85% of the population report being either “very happy” or “quite happy,” highlighting the central role happiness plays in our lives. But what lies beneath these numbers? How does happiness vary across different groups?
Life course and happiness
One of the most striking findings is how happiness evolves throughout life. Generally, happiness tends to increase with age—an encouraging insight for those who fear that youth is the peak of joy.
However, the study also identifies a dip in happiness during midlife. This may be linked to the demands of raising children, career pressures, or unmet expectations. Encouragingly, happiness tends to rise again after the age of 40. This rebound may reflect a growing ability to accept life as it is, or a deeper appreciation for what we have rather than what we lack. Life experience can offer perspective, calm, and a more grounded sense of fulfillment.
Interestingly, some findings defy easy explanation but are still worth exploring. For example, people reported higher levels of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic than in the year that followed—a result that may seem counterintuitive. Additionally, more people believe they are happier than others, compared to those who think they are less happy. These patterns invite thoughtful reflection on how we perceive our own well-being in relation to others.
Income, education, and gender
The relationship between income and happiness is more nuanced than it might seem. While happiness does increase somewhat with income, higher earnings do not automatically lead to greater life satisfaction. The happiest group earns around NOK 800,000 annually. Beyond this point, additional income has little impact on happiness.
The study finds no significant differences in happiness between men and women in Norway. This suggests that happiness is influenced more by broader social and economic conditions than by gender. Still, the sources of happiness differ: women tend to value family, friendships, love, relationships, and health more, while men place greater emphasis on work, income, and financial stability.
Education also plays a role. Those with vocational training or a bachelor’s degree tend to report higher levels of happiness. However, this may be due to related factors such as income and living standards, which deserve further exploration.
How can we promote happiness?
Today, economic growth and GDP are the dominant measures of national success. Yet, there is little correlation between GDP and happiness. For instance, the United States has experienced rising GDP alongside stagnant happiness levels. Similarly, Norway’s GDP has grown significantly in recent decades, while national happiness has remained relatively stable.
Moreover, economic growth often comes at the expense of the environment, highlighting a tension between GDP growth and sustainable development. This raises a critical question: Should we begin measuring societal progress in terms of well-being and quality of life, rather than economic output alone?
Creating a happier society is a shared responsibility. While individual choices matter, structural changes that support people’s ability to live meaningful and fulfilling lives are essential. Focusing on happiness may also align with sustainability goals, as it shifts attention away from material consumption and relentless economic growth. By prioritizing well-being, we may reduce pressure on natural resources and minimize environmental harm.
Toward a happier society
Perhaps it’s time to treat happiness as a collective investment—not just a personal goal. The question isn’t only how we can become happier as individuals, but how we can help foster happiness for others. This may be the most compelling reason to make happiness a societal priority—for ourselves, our communities, and a more sustainable future.
Here are three simple, free actions that can boost happiness:
- Perform a kind act for someone else.
- Stay physically active.
- Reflect on what you’re grateful for.