Iva Parlov

Ocean Development and International Law p. 1-24 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00908320.2025.2558537

The regulation of offshore wind decommissioning has received limited attention to date, as older generation offshore wind farms are reaching the end of their operational life, it is paramount to ensure that there is a legal framework in place that supports the sustainable decommissioning of these installations. This is particularly relevant in a European context—a mature region for offshore wind. This article investigates the extent to which and the way selected global and regional (European) regulatory frameworks contribute to sustainable offshore wind decommissioning by way of integrating principles of environmental protection and restoration, circular economy, and waste management. This article argues that the global and regional regulatory frameworks already provide a basis for sustainable decommissioning, with European Union law being the most sophisticated in this regard. Notwithstanding, challenges and ambiguities at both global and regional levels persist.

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. A commentary p. 534-558 Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803921389.00039

Ocean Development and International Law 56(2) p. 214-231 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00908320.2025.2474551

Magma forskning og viten 28(1) p. 106-112 Doi: https://doi.org/10.23865/magma.v28.1492

Sanksjoner er blitt et stadig viktigere virkemiddel i internasjonal politikk. Det har de siste årene vært en stor faglig diskusjon om effektene av sanksjoner. I denne artikkelen diskuterer vi hvordan sanksjoner rettet inn mot én type aktivitet eller ett formål, kan utløse uønskede politiske og rettslige vansker innen et helt annet politisk og rettslig felt, og hvordan det kan være krevende å korrigere slike effekter. I artikkelen belyses dette gjennom å diskutere hvordan sanksjoner knyttet til Russlands fullskala invasjon av Ukraina, har ført til fremveksten av en betydelig skyggeflåte av oljetankere. Sanksjonene har svekket Russlands evne til å videreføre krigen, men det er viktig at partene også står sammen om å håndtere uønskede ikke-intenderte konsekvenser. English abstract: Sanctions have become an increasingly important tool in international politics. In recent years, there has been a significant academic discussion about the effects of sanctions. In this article, we discuss how sanctions aimed at one type of activity or purpose can trigger unintended political and legal difficulties in a completely different political and legal field, and how it can be challenging to correct such effects. This is illustrated in the article by discussing how sanctions related to Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine have led to the emergence of a significant shadow fleet of oil tankers. The sanctions have weakened Russia's ability to continue its war, but it is important that the parties also work together to manage the unintended consequences.

Maritime Security Law in Hybrid Warfare p. 225-262 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004707993_010