Ingrid Steen Rostad

Sonnenschein, Katrine Biering; Hagen, Øivind, Rostad, Ingrid Steen & Wiik, Ragnhild (2022)

“Make it possible for more people to work at home!” representations of employee motivation and job satisfaction in Danish and Norwegian newspapers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Frontiers in Psychology, 13 Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.972562 - Full text in research archive

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many employees with task-based jobs were forced to work from home, while others were furloughed or laid off. The current study aims to investigate how Norwegian and Danish newspapers represent employee motivation and job satisfaction of remote workers in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used a thematic analysis of five newspapers from Norway and Denmark with different daily distributions and political orientations. The findings suggest that the newspapers in the two countries represented the topic of interest from different perspectives, and this led to the use of two motivation theories: the self-determination theory (SDT) and Herzberg’s two-factor theory. The SDT helps us understand why some employees feel motivated and are more productive while working from home. The need for autonomy, competence, and connectedness is being satisfied for some employees but not for all, which may affect the strength of employees’ job motivation. Herzberg’s theory helps explain physical and psychological issues as dissatisfiers, as these issues are the consequence of working in a home-based office. Furthermore, a hybrid model seems to be an optimal solution for the future job market, where employees with task-based jobs can feel motivated and job satisfied while working either from home or from the workplace. Finally, it is important for employers to look after both the physical and the psychosocial conditions if hybrid solutions are going to replace the traditional workplace.

Langvik, Eva ; Loncar, Lea, Rostad, Ingrid Steen, Eraker, Agnes Ylva Hildesdatter & Saksvik-Lehouillier, Ingvild (2022)

Hoping for the best but unprepared for the worst? Explorative analysis of police students’ encounter with child abuse investigation

Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2127210 - Full text in research archive

Child abuse investigation can include complex stressors increasing the risk of secondary trauma among police professionals. This study explores the preparedness of police students about to engage in child abuse investigation tasks during their recruit period. We did semi-structured interviews with 19 police students to explore the students’ expectations and resources they relied on to cope with stress. Through thematic analysis, five themes emerged: 1) a worthy challenge and a valuable experience; 2) absence of concern about the burdens of “a job to be done”; 3) “Gotta’ work it out!”—physical activity as the default coping mechanism; 4) seeking social support—the importance of talking to someone; 5) education on stress management is limited to operational stress. The results support increasing students’ preparedness for child abuse investigation through knowledge about potential risks, normal reaction to adverse situations, and a focus on effective coping strategies beyond physical activity. The results call for improved and more diverse stress management education in the police, with an emphasis on evidence based coping strategies and reducing stigma associated with mental health help seeking.

Rostad, Ingrid Steen; Tyssen, Reidar & Løvseth, Lise (2021)

Symptoms of disturbed eating behavior risk: Gender and study factors in a cross-sectional study of two Norwegian medical schools

Eating Behaviors, 43 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101565 - Full text in research archive

Objectives: To study the explanatory role of curricular factors and distress in disturbed eating behavior among medical students and whether this varies according to gender, study stage, curriculum model, study stress and mental distress. Methods: The cross-sectional sample surveyed consisted of Norwegian medical students at two faculties with different curricular models (traditional and integrated). The total response rate was 64% (1044/1635). We tested differences in disturbed eating behavior symptoms (EDS) and their correlates using stepwise linear regression analysis. Results: In total, 18.3% were cases of disturbed eating behavior symptoms, including 23.5% of female and 5.6% of male participants. Disturbed eating behavior symptoms were independently associated with the medical school stress factors “medical school is cold and threatening” (β = 0.07, p = .041), “worries about work and competence” (β =0.15, p < .001) and “worries about finances and accommodation” (β = 0.07, p = .018), in addition to female gender (β = 0.30, p < .001), mental distress (β = 0.17, p < .001), and body mass index (β = 0.28, p < .001). The variables explained 28.9% of the variance in disturbed eating behavior symptoms, and medical school stress contributed 9%. “Worries about work and competence” was more important among the female students. Conclusions: Nearly one in five female medical students in the current sample reported symptoms of disturbed eating behavior. The symptoms were associated with medical school stress factors, mental distress, and body mass index.

Rostad, Ingrid Steen; Tvedt, Sturle Danielsen, Sendén, Marie Gustafsson & Løvseth, Lise T (2018)

Physicians’ Mental Health and Nationality Affect how Work Characteristics Influence Presenteeism

Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 3(1) , s. 1-15. Doi: https://doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.51 - Full text in research archive

This study aimed to investigate how variations in mental health and nationality affect the influence of job demands and job resources on presenteeism among physicians. By differentiating between hindrances and challenging job demands and between buffering and motivational job resources, the current study investigated the mechanisms of physicians’ presenteeism by conducting separate analyses for respondents with good and poor mental health within two countries. A total of 1596 physicians employed at Swedish and Norwegian university hospitals were split into four subsamples according to nationality and mental health status. A score of ≥4 on the General Health Questionnaire-12 defined poor mental health. A set of t-tests showed that overall, the Norwegian sample experienced higher presenteeism, lower demands, and higher resources than the Swedish sample. Within the national samples, the samples with poor mental health indicated that they experienced higher demands and lower resources and showed higher presenteeism than the samples with good mental health. A set of regression analyses in the four subsamples showed that hindrance demands were positively associated with presenteeism and buffering resources were negatively associated with presenteeism in all four subsamples. However, only the subsamples of physicians with good mental health were found to have positive associations between both challenging demands and motivating resources and presenteeism. The study concludes that the association of both demands and resources with presenteeism depend upon how they interact with both personal health and national context.

Rostad, Ingrid Steen; Fridner, Ann, Sendén, Marie Gustafsson & Løvseth, Lise T (2017)

Paid sick leave as a means to reduce sickness presenteeism among physicians

Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 7(2) , s. 71-85. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18291/njwls.v7i2.81595 - Full text in research archive

Recurrent international data show that physicians often attend work while ill, termed sickness presenteeism. The current study investigated if sickness presenteeism scores among European physicians varied according to national paid sick leave legislation. We hypothesized that prevalence of presenteeism was higher in countries with lower levels of paid sick leave. We used repeated cross-sectional survey data, phase I (2004/2005, N = 1326) and phase II (2012/2013, N = 1403), among senior consultants at university hospitals in Sweden, Norway, and Italy. Analyses of variances assessed cross-country differences in presenteeism. To assess the impact of country on presenteeism, we used multiple regression analyses controlled for sex, age, family status, work hours, and work content. The results from phase I supported the initial hypothesis. At phase II, presenteeism scores had decreased among the Italian and Swedish sample. The results are discussed with regard to changes in legislation on workhours and medical liability in Italy and Sweden between phase I and II.

Rostad, Ingrid Steen; Milch, Vibeke & Saksvik, Per Øystein (2015)

Psychosocial workplace factors associated with sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, and long-term health in a Norwegian industrial company

Scandinavian Psychologist, Doi: https://doi.org/10.15714/scandpsychol.2.e11

Our study confirms that sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, and long-term health are associated with common psychosocial workplace factors that include attendance pressure, write Ingrid Steen Rostad and colleagues.

Rostad, Ingrid Steen & Holm, Simen Fjellstad (2015)

Sykmeldt eller i jobb – en balansekunst

[Internet]

Rostad, Ingrid Steen (2015)

Syk, men på jobb

[Internet]

Langvik, Eva & Rostad, Ingrid Steen (2020)

Å jobbe med etterforskning av vold og overgrep mot barn. Sentrale belastninger og ressurser hos ansatte i Trøndelag Politidistrikt. Resultater fra forskningsprosjektet STRESOB

[Report Research]. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet

Forskningsprosjektet STRESOB ble utviklet etter initiativ av Trøndelag politidistrikt på bakgrunn av et ønske om å sette fokus på ansatte som jobber med å etterforske og straffeforfølge vold og overgrep mot barn. Totalt ble 36 politiansatte med både sivil og politifaglig bakgrunn intervjuet. Informantene kom fra ulike avdelinger i politidistriktet, etterforskere ved Spesialavsnittet, digitalt politiarbeid, påtale, og fra prosjektgruppen SOBI som jobber med seksuelle overgrep mot bant på internett. Blant etterforskerne hadde flere etter- og videreutdanning innen tilrettelagte avhør, en spesialisering i avhør av barn og sårbare personer fra Politihøyskolen. Resultatene av analysene peker på flere fellestrekk, men også særtrekk for de ulike gruppene. Et tydelig fellestrekk ved informantene er at det ikke er eksponeringen for overgrepsmateriale som er det mest belastende med jobben, organisatoriske forhold utgjør en minst like stor belastning. Dette betyr ikke at denne type arbeid ikke kan ha helsekonsekvenser, og det kommer fram at jobben har personlige og helsemessige konsekvenser for mange. Det er lite eller ingen opplæring i hvordan man bør jobbe med overgrepsmateriale, og informantene har hovedsakelig lært seg teknikker og strategier på egenhånd gjennom erfaring. Felles for informantene er viktigheten av gode kollegarelasjoner som en buffer mot belastninger i arbeidshverdagen, noe som er knyttet til at jobbens natur gjør det vanskelig å dele dette med venner og familie. Mange oppfatter at ledelsen har liten forståelse for sentrale utfordringer og behov i deres konkrete arbeidshverdag. Viktigheten av variasjon i arbeidsoppgaver kom også fram som felles ressurs. Fysisk aktivitet og analytisk distanse peker seg ut som de viktigste stressreduserende strategier ved siden av kollegastøtte, men det er betydelig variasjon i hvilken grad arbeidet gir rom for denne distansen, da visse oppgaver krever en større nærhet til offer. Moralsk belastning knyttet til opplevelsen av at det ikke er nok ressurser tilgjengelige til å gjøre en god nok jobb, og hindringer i systemet rapporteres fra mange av informantene. For etterforskningsavdelingen sentralt i Trøndelag politidistrikt har det over lengre tid vært for få ressurser, noe som har, og vil komme til å være en utfordring i tiden fremover. Strategiske personalpolitiske grep og langsiktig planlegging vil være avgjørende for å sikre en bærekraftig situasjon. Etterforskning av vold og overgrep mot barn innebærer særskilte belastninger, sammenlignet med annet politiarbeid, noe som krever spesielt fokus på å legge til rette for et forsvarlig arbeidsmiljø. Resultatene gir grunnlag for å foreslå flere ulike tiltak til forbedringer. Fokus på relasjonsbygging gjennom teamorganisering, minske avstand mellom ansatte og leder gjennom innføring av mellomledere eller teamledere, samt øke forståelsen for arbeidshverdagen til de ansatte hos ledelsen vil kunne bidra til å redusere belastningene. Utvikling av rutiner for systematisk oppfølging av ansatte som jobber med tematikken må på plass. Videre vil opplæringspakker og pensum kunne bidra til økt kunnskap for alle som er involvert i denne type arbeid, uavhengig av på hvilken måte eller på hvilket nivå. I veien videre med utvikling av tiltak vil det være viktig å sørge for involvering av medarbeidere og kontinuerlig evaluering for å sørge for at endringene har ønsket effekt.

Langvik, Eva & Rostad, Ingrid Steen (2019)

Tilrettelagte avhør Mestringsstrategier, organisatoriske utfordringer og yrkesbelastninger.FORSKNINGSFUNN FRA ET SAMARBEIDSPROSJEKT MELLOM NTNU OG TRØNDELAG POLITIDISTRIKT​

[Lecture]. Event

Langvik, Eva & Rostad, Ingrid Steen (2019)

Å etterforske overgrep mot barn: Hvordan organiseringen av arbeidet og personalpolitiske grep kan fremme helse og reduserer turnover. Foreløpige resultater fra STrESOB-studien

[Lecture]. Event

Sørengaard, Torhild Anita; Christensen, Marit, Langvik, Eva , Rostad, Ingrid Steen & Saksvik-Lehouillier, Ingvild (2019)

Psychosocial work factors, affectivity and burnout: Exploring the possibilities of the Burnout Assessment Tool

[Conference Lecture]. Event

Rostad, Ingrid Steen; Thun, Sylvi & Saksvik, Per Øystein (2016)

Deciding to be present or absent when sick Preliminary results of a three-path model of presenteeism and absenteeism

[Conference Poster]. Event

Grødal, Karoline; Helland, Eyvind, Christensen, Marit, Rostad, Ingrid Steen, Saksvik, Per Øystein & Thun, Sylvi (2015)

A health promoting approach for maintaining presentees´ productivity

[Conference Poster]. Event

Rostad, Ingrid Steen & Saksvik-Lehouillier, Ingvild (2015)

The Wave of Healthiness. A workplace intervention to promote public health

[Conference Lecture]. Event

Rostad, Ingrid Steen & Saksvik-Lehouillier, Ingvild (2015)

Exploring participation rates in a physical activity intervention to improve mastery of work - The Wave of Healthiness

[Conference Lecture]. Event

Thun, Sylvi; Rostad, Ingrid Steen & Saksvik, Per Øystein (2015)

How to measure sickness presenteeism?

[Conference Poster]. Event

Rostad, Ingrid Steen; Thun, Sylvi, Saksvik, Per Øystein & Løvseth, Lise T (2013)

CAN PAID SICK LEAVE REDUCE PRESENTEEISM AMONG PHYSICIANS?

[Conference Poster]. Event

Saksvik, Per Øystein; Rostad, Ingrid Steen, Milch, Vibeke & Saksvik, S. B. (2012)

Can organizational adjustment for presenteeism be a good occupational health intervention?

[Conference Poster]. Event