Kari Einarsen

Festival and Event Management in Nordic Countries s. 203-226 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250903031550

Food festivals play a minor role in the recent Norwegian surplus of festivals. As niche events they face less competition than the dominating field of music festivals, however their success can no way be taken for granted. The purpose of this study is to illuminate success factors of festivals by presenting a case study of the Gladmat Festival in Stavanger, Norway, which has been arranged annually since 1999 and has attracted positive attention and 250.000 visitors, and been economically successful. Data have been collected by interviews, observation and document studies. It is concluded that the festival’s success depends mainly upon its embedding in a strong network of food and meal producing institutions and organisations, restaurants and outstanding chefs. The network is resting upon a tradition of food production of the area, and at the outset the local food produce was the nave of the Gladmat Festival. The scope of the festival has developed from regional to national and Nordic coverage, and it reaches out with activities and network development to the Nordic region and also internationally. While networking has been essential, entrepreneurial leadership placed within a simple and cheap organisational structure has been a second reason for the success. Taken together, the leadership, networking and food oriented context have made sponsoring and donations available and about 100 exhibitors have annually been willing to pay for their stands at the festival.

Leksjoner i markedsvitenskap s. 260-289

I dette kapittelet diskuteres fenomenet festivaler og hvordan festivaler lykkes i konkurranse med et stadig voksende festivalmarked. Festivaler er unike organisatorisk i og med at selve livsgrunnlaget for organisasjonen vanligvis er avhengig av noe få dager eller uker av året når selve festivalen blir arrangert. I denne sammenheng møter festivalorganisasjoner på utfordringer som angår ressurser som økonomisk og menneskelig kapital. Festivaler er avhengig av støtte fra mange forskjellige støttespillere som lokalsamfunnet, publikum, sponsorer og medprodusenter som musikere, kunstnere og mat- og drikkeprodusenter, og festivalen må oppfylle disses til tider motstridende behov, og falle i deres smak for å bli en suksess. I kapittelet presenteres flere faktorer som påvirker festivalers evne til å overleve og gjøre seg gjeldende; Økonomi er en sentral faktor for å lykkes, og økonomistyring og verdisikring er nødvendig. Markedskommunikasjon er vanligvis en forutsetning, dermed blir det viktig med kunnskap om markedsundersøkelser. Festivalledere må ha kunnskap om alle sidene av festivaler og med en begrenset organisasjon som har få eller ingen ansatte blir organisasjonen følgelig avhengig av good will fra frivillige. Med en liten organisasjon blir en også avhengig av eksterne aktører og nettverksbygging med disse viktige aktørene kreves. Ved å bygge opp et festivalprodukt med en klar identitet og fremtidsplan forenkler festivalen sin kommunikasjon med markedet og vill letter skilles ut fra andre festivaler. Kapittelet konkluderer med at festivalsuksess er et relativt begrep, og blir ofte målt ut i fra subjektive faktorer der festivalsuksess kan bli målt ut i fra festivalen sine interne mål, publikumsoppmøte eller vekst. Til syvende og sist vil sunn økonomi, forhold til lokalsamfunn og markedsproduktet være noen av de tydeligste grunnpilarer for å lykkes.

International Journal of Hospitality Management 28(4) s. 631-634

The objective of this study is to describe the ?scientific identity? of scholarly journals in hospitality and tourism research by reviewing and evaluating the approaches and the geographical affiliations of authors published in selected journals. The compiled results are analysed for patterns that appear to reveal the ?scientific identity? of each of the selected journals. In particular, scholars can note the particular features of individual journals while acknowledging the width and variety of research designs that are published in these scholarly journals.

Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 9(2-3) s. 225-248 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250903031550

Food festivals play a minor role in the recent Norwegian surplus of festivals. As niche events they face less competition than the dominating field of music festivals, however their success can no way be taken for granted. The purpose of this study is to illuminate success factors of festivals by presenting a case study of the Gladmatfestival in Stavanger, Norway, which has been arranged annually since 1999 and has attracted positive attention and 250.000 visitors, and been economically successful. Data have been collected by interviews, observation and document studies. It is concluded that the festival?s success depends mainly upon its embedding in a strong network of food and meal producing institutions and organisations, restaurants and outstanding chefs. The network is resting upon a tradition of food production of the area, and at the outset the local food produce was the nave of the Gladmatfestival. The scope of the festival has developed from regional to national and Nordic coverage, and it reaches out with activities and network development to the Nordic region and also internationally. While networking has been essential, onset based on careful research and entrepreneurial leadership placed within a simple and cheap organisational structure has been the second and third reasons for the success. Taken together, the leadership, networking and food oriented context have made sponsoring and donations available and up to 100 exhibitors have annually been willing to pay for their stands at the festival.

International Journal of Hospitality Management 28(3) s. 479-483

The objective of this study is to describe the "empirical characteristics" of scholarly journals in hospitality and tourism research by assessing selected journals. A sample of scholarly journals was selected on the basis of journal ranking lists. The ¿empirical characteristics¿ assessed in this study were found to be variable across the studied journals.

Culinary Arts and Sciences VI - Global, National and Local Perspectives s. 33-39