Institutt for strategi og entreprenør­skap

Publikasjoner

• Benito, Gabriel R G (2025)
  Seen from the Outside: A Commentary on “The Historical Evolution of IB in a Comparative Perspective”

  The Historical Evolution of International Business: Growth Trajectory of an Academic Field of Study, , s. 383-391. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86133-8_20

• Wang, Pengfei (2025)
  Repositioning, audience churn, and identity ambiguity: The external costs of market repositioning

  Strategic Management Journal, 46(6) , s. 1363-1391. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3698

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  Prior literature has long underscored the importance for market actors to establish clear identities. Extant studies mostly adopt a static view, assessing whether actors adhere to a specific prototype or membership. By stressing a dynamic perspective, we maintain that identities are in flux as actors constantly shift positions. Specifically, we emphasize that repositioning can induce identity ambiguity, undermining the accuracy of audience evaluation. Analyzing market repositioning of US firms, we find that firms with greater repositioning tend to experience a higher degree of churn in their coverage audiences (financial analysts). More importantly, audiences are found to be less accurate in evaluating firms that undertake greater repositioning. These results align with our conjecture about external repositioning costs: Firms risk incurring identity ambiguity when shifting market positions.

• Grossmann-Hensel, Benjamin; Jarzabkowski, Paula, Kratochvil, Renate, Seidl, David, Spee, Paul & Whittington, Richard (2025)
  Elgar Encyclopedia of Strategy as Practice

  [Encyclopedia]. Edward Elgar Publishing

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2025)
  Commentary on “Bringing It Altogether and Moving Forward”: The History of IB: Some New Questions Regarding the Formative Period

  The Historical Evolution of International Business: Growth Trajectory of an Academic Field of Study, , s. 437-443. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86133-8_22

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  This comment focuses on how international business emerged and developed in the formative phase of the field’s history. It addresses the need for more research on Hambrick and Chen’s concept “aspiring community”, and for a critical examination of the borders between teaching and research in this and the formative period. Furter, the comment also highlights the historical methodological principle of chronology by referring to how Vernon got involved in case production prior to his MNE research project. Finally, it highlights the important role of the more than two hundred scholars who wrote teaching case.

• Lombardo, Sebastiano (2025)
  Verdioptimalisering i tidligfasen: teori og empiri fra to norske megaprosjekter

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

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  Rapporten presenterer teori og elementer av beste praksis innen verdioptimalisering i tidligfase i megaprosjekter. Dokumentet tar for seg betydningen av verdi, verdiskaping og verdioptimalisering i tidligfase i megaprosjekter der Staten er byggherre. Denne kvalitative studien henter og analyserer data fra to større offentlige byggeprosjekter i Norge, og søker å belyse kompleksiteten i tidligfase ved hjelp av relevant forskning og erfaringer fra prosjektene. Hovedmålet er å gi innsikt i hvordan aktører interagerer for å oppnå optimale løsninger som møter definerte behov. Ifølge denne rapporten kan verdi defineres som "utfallet av en evaluerende vurdering angående balansen mellom fordelene oppnådd fra en gjenstand og forsakelsene som kreves for å oppnå den." Verdi er et komplekst begrep som involverer flere aktører som byggherre, rådgivere og entreprenører. Disse aktørene må samhandle for å tilfredsstille ulike behov knyttet til familiære, tekniske og funksjonelle krav. Ulike aktører kan ha ulike oppfatninger av hva verdi innebærer. Verdioptimalisering gjelder prosessen der aktører søker å maksimere verdiskapingen og minimere verditapet. Dette skjer gjennom mekanismer som tilgang til ulike typer ressurser, evnen til å utnytte disse ressursene og forringelse av denne ressurskapitalen. Det er viktig å forstå at verdi er subjektivt og avhenger av hvem som vurderer og de spesifikke omstendighetene rundt prosjektet. Arbeidet med verdioptimalisering i tidligfase kan deles inn i fire trinn: 1. Fokusering: definere mål og problemområder for prosjektet 2. Søket etter alternativer: utvikling av flere løsningsalternativer til prosjektutløsende behov 3. Evaluering av alternativer: vurdere hvilke av de alternative løsningene som best møter prosjektmålene 4. Valg: fatte beslutning om hvilken løsning som skal implementeres I fokuseringsprosessen er det avgjørende å identifisere eierskapet til fokusområder og formulere prosjektmål. Dette arbeidet skaper et fundament for alle senere trinn og streber etter å tydeliggjøre forholdet mellom forskjellige mål og prioriteringer. Fokusering bør ses på som en iterativ prosess, der mål kan revideres underveis. Under søket etter alternativer er det avgjørende å utfordre eksisterende antakelser og etablerte sannheter. Dette involverer kreativitet og samarbeid for å generere flest mulig løsningsalternativer. Dess flere alternative løsningsforslag som blir skapt, dess større er sjansen for å oppnå optimale løsninger. Evaluering er essensielt for å skape et beslutningsgrunnlag. Det krever at evalueringskriterier velges nøye ut ifra hvilke mål eller hvilken effekt som skal oppnås, for å gjenspeile de ulike aktørenes verdier og interesser. Evaluering må også være en iterativ prosess, der flere runder med vurderinger kan være nødvendige. Valget av løsning er en kompleks prosess påvirket av en rekke forutsetninger og verdier som aktørene bringer inn. Det er viktig å utforske hvilke interesser og perspektiver som influerer beslutningsprosessen. Effektive beslutningsprosesser må ta hensyn til disse faktorene for å minske risikoen for konflikter og sikre at valget skaper maksimal verdi. Rapporten fremhever flere elementer av beste praksis for verdioptimalisering. Det inkluderer nødvendigheten av tydelig eierskap og klare mål, vilje til å utfordre etablerte sannheter, bruk av flere evalueringskriterier og en tilpasset metodikk for hver fase av prosessen. For kontinuerlig forbedring er det viktig at organisasjonen reflekterer over egen praksis, lærer av erfaringer og sikrer kunnskapsoverføring mellom prosjekter. Ledelsen må støtte en kultur for læring og innovasjon, noe som kan oppnås ved å implementere opplæring og verktøy for verdioptimalisering. Megaprosjekters dimensjon får spesiell oppmerksomhet gjennom hele denne rapporten.

• Benito, Gabriel R G (2025)
  Does de-globalization imply de-internationalization?

  The changing global power balance: Challenges for European firms: volume 19, , s. 127-147. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-886220250000019007

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  De-globalization is for real and has profound, but differentiated, effects on international business and companies with cross-border activities. Yet, companies do not de-globalize, as the overwhelming majority of companies were never truly global by any measure in the first place. However, many companies de-internationalize, partly or fully. They do so by reducing their international engagement, and by reconfiguring their international footprint, some by exiting foreign markets altogether, and some of these companies also resume international activities after a time-out period. In this essay, the author discusses companies’ strategies, including their de-internationalization actions, as ways of coping with the challenges and opportunities arising from key aspects of de-globalization phenomena, and concludes that de-internationalization considerations are an integral part of sound strategies for companies’ internationalization.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Tomassen, Sverre (2025)
  3. Sunnmøringen reiser ut, men ikkje alltid så langt: tidleg internasjonalisering i sunnmørsindustrien

  Økonomisk utdanning og forskning i Ålesund, , s. 112-132. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/9788215069944-25-03

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  Kapittelet undersøker korleis vi kan forstå den tidlege internasjonaliseringsfasen av verksemder frå eit avgrensa geografisk område. Dette er gjort i lys av nyare teoriar innanfor fagområda strategi og «international business». Med tidleg internasjonalisering meinast verksemder som var først ute med å etablere dotterselskap med utgangspunkt frå regionen. Fokuset i kapittelet er på tre element ved verksemder si internasjonalisering, nemleg korleis dei er rusta for direkte utanlandsinvesteringar (FDI), kva som er motiva, og korleis dei internasjonaliserer seg. Kapittelet tar for seg dei elleve verksemdene som gjorde ei slik internasjonalisering med utgangspunkt i Sunnmøre før 1984. Gjennom dette viser kapittelet korleis internasjonaliseringa til desse sunnmørsverksemdene kan illustrere sentrale tema innanfor ulike teoriar om internasjonalisering.

• Kratochvil, Renate & Langley, Ann (2025)
  Process Research and Strategy as Practice

  Elgar Encyclopedia of Strategy as Practice,

• Wang, Pengfei & Shi, Yanlin (2025)
  Shoot the moving target: A dynamic perspective on optimal distinctiveness and strategic repositioning

  Journal of Business Research, 189 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.115173 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  How efficacious is the strategy of pursuing optimal distinctiveness (OD)? Scholars have long strived to identify the optimal positions for firms in the market and advocate them to realign themselves accordingly. While plausible, however, prior literature overlooks the process of repositioning towards OD and the dynamic nature of market landscape. Specifically, if all firms reposition simultaneously, current optimal positions could become inferior, such that firms that deliberately move towards OD (OD firms) may get backfired. Emphasizing the dynamics, we utilize a parsimonious agent-based simulation to explore the efficacy of repositioning towards OD. The results indicate that across different scenarios, a significant proportion of OD firms end up experiencing repositioning failure and fail to improve their performance. More importantly, we underscore that the efficacy of repositioning towards OD depends largely on market conditions. It is particularly undermined in markets with more competitors seeking distinctiveness and/or fewer competitors aiming for conformity (e.g., markets with greater leniency). Experimenting with different approaches firms can take to pursue OD, we also find that exploratory repositioning performs better than exploitative repositioning. Finally, our extensional analyses offer further insights by integrating repositioning costs, sequential repositioning, alternative optimal locations, and random explorers.

• Plechero, Monica & Wiig, Heidi (2025)
  Regional restructuring in the Norwegian Seafood industry: Coupling Green and digital transitions in local SMEs.

  Sustainable regional restructuring: Insights from economic geography and regional innovation studies, , s. 144-161.

• Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi; Grøgaard, Birgitte & Tomassen, Sverre (2025)
  Impact Investment Firms and Institutionalization in Emerging Countries

  The changing global power balance: Challenges for European firms: volume 19, , s. 351-371. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-886220250000019017

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  The authors examine the effect of impact investments – investments made with the intent to generate social and environmental impact alongside financial returns – on emerging countries. The authors argue that impact investment is effective in fostering positive social and environmental outcomes through institutionalization in host countries. The authors assess their hypotheses on a sample of European impact investment firms in Africa, using a unique hand-collected dataset of investments from 2000 to 2019. The authors find empirical support for their hypotheses. This study extends the international business literature by answering the growing calls among scholars for greater attention to the role of social enterprises in addressing complex social and environmental challenges

• Huemer, Lars & Flygansvær, Bente Merete (2025)
  Increasing circularity: The importance of resource interactions when adapting from waste management to resource management

  Industrial Marketing Management, 125, s. 118-130. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.12.010 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The circular economy, which entails a fundamental transition from waste management to resource management, involves waste minimization and prolonged resource utility. Resources should arguably be managed in a manner reducing the likelihood that they turn into waste. Correspondingly, waste should be managed in a way increasing the likelihood that it becomes a useful resource. To achieve such ends, this research highlights the bundled nature of resources (including waste). The study is based on an abductive research process and it de-bundles the resource categories portrayed in the 4R model. The de-bundled framework is applied to a longitudinal case study focusing on a recycling company's participation in the circular economy. This application results in distinctions between endogenous and exogenous adaptation strategies. Endogenous adaptations involve an explicit bundle awareness and attention to interaction processes within 4R resource categories, exogenous adaptations include interaction processes between 4R categories. It is proposed that adaptations involving deliberate tradeoffs between endogenous and exogenous strategies may lead to more circular business models and sustainable resource management.

• Korniychuk, Aleksey; Larsen, Marcus Møller & Asmussen, Christian G. (2025)
  The long-term domestic dominance of the multinational enterprise

  Global Strategy Journal, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1521

• Andersson, Ulf; Benito, Gabriel R G, Lunnan, Randi & Tomassen, Sverre (2025)
  Why some are less willing to share: Competitive domains and knowledge transfer in multi-unit organizations

  Long Range Planning, 58(4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102537

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  In multi-unit organizations, such as multinational corporations (MNCs), knowledge developed in one business unit can greatly benefit the performance of another. However, employees and managers compete with others within intraorganizational competitive domains for resources, which may affect the willingness to share knowledge. We conceptualize the multi-unit organization as having multiple competitive domains depending on the main source for resource endowments for the knowledge-sharing actors. Our study draws on data from two surveys done in a global division of an MNC, comprising data from 342 individuals nested in 68 different units, across 24 countries. Our results show that social integration among individuals in different competitive domains boosts knowledge transfer between units, while social integration between individuals within the same competitive domain hampers knowledge transfer. These findings suggest that there is a different and darker side to social integration in multi-unit organizations than the previously established positive side leading to increased knowledge transfer. Our findings show that the willingness to share knowledge also depends on the internal competition for resources between the knowledge-sharing actors.

• Taheriruh, Matin; Jääskeläinen, Aki, Loijas, Kati & Harrison, Debbie (2025)
  Developing and deploying competences for innovative public procurement: a network perspective

  Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2025.101039

• Souza-Santos, Renato; Carneiro, Jorge & Andersson, Ulf (2025)
  Pursuing headquarters’ attention: Foreign subsidiaries’ strategic issue selling

  International Business Review, 34(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102396

• Dasi, Ángels; Pedersen, Torben, Tomassen, Sverre & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2025)
  Integration and governance mechanisms: a multilevel analysis of knowledge adoption in MNCs

  Multinational Business Review, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-09-2024-0165

• Bjarnar, Ove; Amdam, Rolv Petter & Halse, Lise Lillebrygfjeld (2025)
  Narratives in context of cluster globalization

  European Planning Studies, 33(6) , s. 1020-1036. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2025.2528888 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This article is inspired by recent concerns that history and context has not been taken into proper account in evolutionary economic geography, and by a call for narrative approaches to assess processes of path development, in our case more broadly processes of cluster evolution. We conduct a narrative study of globalization in the maritime cluster in Møre and Romsdal in Western Norway and ask how narratives and antenarratives are voiced to make sense of, and merge, regional and global considerations (processes in phenomenological time). By using a historical approach, we show that the dialogue between materiality and narratives is not a linear process but developed in historical time and reflects contextual changes in historical time. By drawing upon the distinction between narratives and antenarratives, defined as fragments of discourse that are articulated to make sense of things or give sense to them in a chaotic organizational reality, the study contributes to our understanding of regional development.

• Yildiz, H. Emre; Zhou, Abby Jingzi & Fey, Carl F. (2025)
  Unfolding and developing disseminative capacity of subsidiaries via structural integration in MNCS

  Journal of International Management, 31(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2025.101238

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  Despite its critical role in knowledge transfer and the development of multinational corporations (MNCs), disseminative capacity has received limited attention compared to the mirror concept of absorptive capacity. Drawing from the knowledge-based view and adopting the perspective of subsidiaries as knowledge senders, this paper proposes and conceptualizes four sequential dimensions of disseminative capacity - identification, articulation, association, and support - which constitute potential and realized disseminative capacities. Furthermore, we explore how structural integration mechanisms could influence the development of disseminative capacity in subsidiaries of MNCs. Our fine-grained approach recognizes the multidimensionality and the dynamic nature of disseminative capacity. We also provide theoretical and practical implications for enhancing the disseminative capacity of MNC subsidiaries, thereby facilitating knowledge transfer within MNCs.

• Klakegg, Ole Jonny & Lombardo, Sebastiano (2025)
  Prestasjonsmåling Verdioptimalisering – Relevante KPI-er

  [Report Research]. NTNU

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  Dette dokumentet oppsummerer en kreativ prosess for å utvikle prestasjonsmål for verdioptimalisering på overordnet nivå av prosjekter (generelle, kan tilpasses megaprosjekter). De viktigste prestasjonsmålene er knyttet til fem typer ytelser som følger: • Økonomisk ytelse med indikatorer som o produktivitet/lønnsomhet og totale pengestrømmene o måloppnåelse på samfunnsnivå/beregnet samfunnsmessig verdi • Kunnskapsmessig ytelse med indikatorer som o teknologiske innovasjon o organisatoriske nyvinninger, nye kapabiliteter • Sosial ytelse med indikatorer som o graden av konfliktnivå mellom interessenter eller nøkkelaktører o graden av varige og faktiske påvirkninger i lokalsamfunnet • Omdømmemessig ytelse med indikatorer som o fortsatt engasjement av brukere og nøkkelaktører etter at prosjektet er ferdig o mediaoppmerksomhet eller andre mål på anerkjennelse og etterlatt inntrykk • Bærekraftig ytelse med indikatorer som o fotavtrykk – prosjektets belastning på klima og naturmiljø o rettferdighet i fordeling av prosjektets effekter. Disse prestasjonsmål vil kunne defineres nærmere basert på hvilken rolle man tar i betraktning (bruker, byggherre, entreprenør, rådgiver, osv.).

• Veisdal, Jørgen; Dreyer, Heidi Carin & Aspelund, Arild (2025)
  Multi-Sided Platforms as Enablers of Circular Supply Chains: A Case Study From the Norwegian Shipbuilding Industry

  Business Strategy and the Environment (BSE), Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.4369

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  In maritime industries, transitioning to circular supply chains for the sourcing of components and materials is considered an important step in the direction of more environmentally sustainable means of production. Multi-sided platforms (MSPs) have previously been proposed as a promising technology for enabling industries to coordinate toward new paradigms such as the circular economy (CE). This novel study investigates the strategic challenges faced by managers looking to establish an MSP for trade in used components and materials in the Norwegian shipbuilding industry. From data gathered in workshops and interviews with key stakeholders, the paper finds that the characteristics of goods, the strength of incentives, and the necessity of complementors are key considerations to coordination around CE practices through an MSP. Based on these findings, we develop a conceptual model aimed at assisting managers in identifying and evaluating the attractiveness of goods for trade through MSPs in the circular value chain context.

• Jakobsen, Stig Erik; Bækkelund, Nora Geirsdotter, Sjøtun, Svein Gunnar & Wiig, Heidi (2025)
  Green to stay? Mechanisms explaining green industrial resilience during an external shock

  Regional studies, 59(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2025.2520597

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  We analyse how COVID-19 as an external shock has influenced greening activities in three industries in Western Norway. Drawing on the evolutionary economic geography literature on green industrial path development and economic resilience, we provide fresh insights into the resilience of ongoing greening processes. Through qualitative case studies, we reveal that the capabilities of industry firms, market conditions, the greening status of the industry, the regional industry composition, and national policies are important mechanisms explaining how industries in regions adapt and alter greening activities in response to external shock. We also observe diversity in how these mechanisms operate across industries.

• Friedmann, Jens-Christian; Lavie, Dovev, Rademaker, Linda & Shipilov, Andrew V. (2025)
  The Hidden Battle for IP Protection in Alliances

  MIT Sloan Management Review, 66(3) , s. 35-41.

• Tvedt, Jostein & Lunnan, Randi (2025)
  Proactive investments in switching‑flexibility and the value of agility in international business

  Journal of International Business Studies, 56(July 2025) , s. 646-658. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-025-00770-6

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  How should a multinational enterprise (MNE) shape its own agility in response to the environments in which it operates? In this paper we argue that proactive investments in switching-flexibility, e.g., to facilitate future relocations of production assets, can be a powerful tool for handling international business (IB) volatility. If options to invest in future flexibility are exercised strategically, international relocation may become a more frequent phenomenon in high than in low volatility industries. This prediction contrasts the value-of-waiting recommendation of the classical real options literature, which suggests that relocation becomes less frequent if volatility is high. The differences in predictions stem from a change in perspective—from exogenous flexibility in the classical literature to endogenous flexibility in this study. Optimal proactive investments in future agility increase the value of a firm and enhance the firm’s ability to handle risk. This suggests that MNEs operating in volatile and competitive international markets typically become more agile than firms operating in stable environments. The paper’s proposition is supported by illustrative cases from ocean industries and by a real options model with endogenous reversibility. The model shows that optimal proactive investments in flexibility may tighten the entry and exit threshold spread for higher volatility.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik; Lopes, Teresa da Silva, Eikrem, Trudi Henrydotter & Mata, Maria Eugenia (2025)
  Trade Wars, International Supply Chains, and Business Associations: Historical Evidence from Norway and Portugal

  Journal of Management Studies, , s. 1-27. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.70026

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  Abstract This article examines the 1921–1923 trade war between Norway and Portugal as a historical case for exploring business responses to deglobalization and trade disruption. Focusing on the international supply chains (ISCs) of port wine and salted and dried cod, it investigates how business actors contributed to the recoupling of ISCs after a trade war. Drawing on a history‐to‐theory methodology and extensive archival research, the study offers new theoretical insights into how institutional environments shape business agency during periods of deglobalization. It develops a typology of trade wars structured around two dimensions: the degree of coordination within ISCs and the economic reach of the conflict. The findings demonstrate that, in processes of symmetric recoupling , where both nations restore disrupted supply chains on equal terms, business associations as well as multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a pivotal role in business diplomacy and supply‐chain reconstruction. The symmetric nature of the post‐trade war recoupling fosters mutual recovery and enhances long‐term competitiveness for the industries involved. The typology proposed also provides a framework for analysing other historical and contemporary trade wars across diverse geopolitical settings.

• Klakegg, Ole Jonny & Lombardo, Sebastiano (2025)
  Verdioptimalisering – kunnskapsgrunnlag

  [Report Research]. NTNU

• Tvedt, Jostein (2025)
  A predictive term-spread model in the age of inflation targeting

  The North American journal of economics and finance, 76(January 2025) , s. 1-14. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2025.102364 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The link between the shape of the US government bond yield curve and future economic growth is analysed using a novel real economy endowment model. The model suggests that the predictive power of bond market prices relies on the entire yield curve, i.e., on the long run interest rate level, the short-dated bond yield, the forecast horizon specific term spread and term premiums. A forecast horizon specific, maturity weighted, term spread is suggested as a supplement to extant one-factor term-spread models. The endowment model offers a theoretical basis for the findings of the recent empirical literature, which indicate predictive power of both the slope and curvature of the yield curve. The paper’s empirical section supports the observation that, in recent decades, the slope and curvature are predictors of US economic growth.

• Gaim, Medhanie; Saad, Elie & Nair, Sujith (2025)
  Pathways to a successful startup-corporate partnership

  California Management Review,

• Aparicio, Sebastian; Lengler, Jorge, Aguzzoli, Roberta, Sousa, Carlos M.P. , Benito, Gabriel R G & Urbano, David (2025)
  Unfair competition and export intensity of Latin American SMEs: The role of regulations

  International Business Review, 34(4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102463

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  Latin American countries exhibit significant levels of informal economic activity and a low degree of trade openness. Yet, little is known about the effect of these institutional characteristics on the performance of SMEs when venturing abroad to explore international markets. Based on an institutional voids approach, we explore the effects of unfair competition, particularly related to informality, on export intensity of SMEs conditioned by tariffs, trade regulations, and taxes in Latin America. Multilevel modeling is applied to a sample of 5781 Latin American firms. We hypothesize and find that SMEs increase their exports when they compete against informal firms. Higher tariffs and trade regulations reinforce such unfair competition and thus the decision to focus on international markets.

• Kano, Liena; Grøgaard, Birgitte, Ciravegna, Luciano & Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi (2025)
  Beyond reductionism: rethinking MNEs’ role in environmental crises

  Journal of International Business Studies, 56, s. 795-806. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-025-00794-y

• Jahre, Marianne; Oorschot, Kim E. van, Årdal, Christine Oline, Sverrisson, Eirik, Pettersen, Mikal S. & Wangen, Andreas (2025)
  Sustainable pharmaceutical procurement: Environmental tendering criteria for better or worse?

  Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2025.101081

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  The purpose of this study is to advance knowledge of the effects of using environmental criteria in the tendering and procurement of pharmaceuticals. In cooperation with the Norwegian Hospital Procurement Trust, we conducted a longitudinal case study of how environmental criteria in the tendering of generic antibiotics were implemented. This case is one of the first attempts to use environmental criteria in generic pharmaceuticals procurement. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected based on interviews, workshops, meetings and secondary sources, followed by iterative analysis, including a case narrative and causal loop diagramming. We found that rewarding environmental criteria fulfilment at the expense of price seems to have multiple effects. Firstly, higher prices increase public spending in the short-term but also help maintain the supply base, which can reduce shortages. Secondly, this increased focus gives more transparency into supplier risks. It is this latter unexpected effect of introducing environmental tendering criteria that makes the case and our analysis particularly interesting. Additionally, in the long term, interviewees expect that increased focus on environmental criteria for specific antibiotics will have the intended effect of reducing transmission of resistant bacteria through improving suppliers’ production processes. Our findings also suggest that increased focus on environmental criteria does not necessarily increase shortages of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, which could unintendedly increase transmission of resistant bacteria. Data from our case study suggest that these two effects are likely to have a positive influence on public health, thereby potentially reducing future healthcare costs.

• Melaku, Tsegaye; Mekonnen, Zeleke, Tucho, Gudina Terefe, Viana, Joe, Årdal, Christine Oline & Jahre, Marianne (2025)
  Resilience and Adaptability in Paracetamol Supply Chains: A Systems Perspective on COVID-19 Challenges and Responses in Ethiopia

  Logistics, 9(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9010015 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains, including those for essential medicines like paracetamol. This study aimed to assess the resilience and adaptability of Ethiopia’s paracetamol supply chain during the pandemic. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and analysis of secondary data on paracetamol availability and supply chain disruptions. The study employed systems thinking and supply chain resilience frameworks, utilizing causal loop diagrams to visualize system dynamics. Results: Eighteen stakeholders, representing seven pharmaceutical manufacturers, five import companies, and five wholesalers, participated in the study. These participants had between three and fourteen years of experience in their respective roles. The study revealed complex interactions within the paracetamol supply chain, highlighting both challenges and adaptive responses. While 500 mg paracetamol tablets were readily available, shortages of other formulations were observed due to a range of factors, including limited product diversification, political instability, inflation, and reduced production efficiency. Conclusions: The resilience and adaptability of stakeholders, particularly manufacturers and importers, were crucial in maintaining the supply of 500 mg paracetamol tablets. Key strategies included regional sourcing, increased production, and improved partnerships. Understanding the interconnectedness of factors within the supply chain is essential for developing effective strategies to enhance its resilience and ensure sustained access to paracetamol in the future.

• Romm, Kristin Lie; Skoge, Mari, Barrett, Elizabeth Ann, Berentzen, Lars-Christian, Bergsager, Dagfinn, Fugeli, Pål, Bjella, Thomas, Gardsjord, Erlend Strand, Kling, Kristine, Kruse, Sindre Hembre, Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn, Melle, Ingrid, Mork, Erlend, Ihler, Henrik Myhre, Rognli, Eline B., Simonsen, Carmen , Værnes, Tor Gunnar & Aminoff, Sofie Ragnhild (2025)
  A Mobile Health Intervention to Support Collaborative Decision-Making in Mental Health Care: Development and Usability

  JMIR Formative Research, 9 Doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/57614

• Reinsberger, Kathrin; Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard & Mehner, Barbara (2025)
  Deliberate exploratory search in technology innovation: Discovering and developing need-solution pairs

  Research Policy, 55(1) , s. 105348-105348. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105348

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  Innovation involves matching needs and solutions to form need–solution pairs (NSPs). This study investigates how organizations systemically identify and develop NSPs when searching for novel applications of existing technologies through technology-market linking—a critical yet underexplored process in strategy and innovation research. Using a multiple case study design, we analyze four innovation projects drawing on 306 expert interviews, 89 innovation proposals, and longitudinal data from diaries and retrospective interviews with 18 search agents. Our findings show that searchers engage in recurring learning practices to acquire knowledge about unmet needs, potential solutions, and how they co-evolve. These practices structure the integration of different types of knowledge over time, giving rise to four distinct search patterns that guide the direction and evolution of innovation efforts. With this study, we advance research on problem solving in innovation by unpacking how NSPs can be deliberately discovered and developed through exploratory search, rather than emerging solely from spontaneous or serendipitous encounters. We expand the literature on organizational search and learning by empirically documenting the micro-level learning processes and behaviors enabling the dynamic coupling of need and solution spaces. Finally, we contribute to the open innovation perspective by demonstrating how external knowledge critically shapes emerging technology–market combinations.

• Lu, Ren; Xia, Ting, Lv, Daguo, Reve, Torger & Chen, Mei (2025)
  I am a champion: does China’s hidden champion policy increase firms’ innovation competence?

  Industry and Innovation, , s. 1-26. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2025.2578856

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  This study examines the effectiveness of the hidden champion policy in enhancing a firm’s innovation competence. Using a unique dataset from China, we apply a time-varying difference-in-differences approach, treating the hidden champion list as a quasi-natural experiment to evaluate the policy’s impact. Our results demonstrate that the hidden champion policy significantly improves a firm’s innovation competence. Mechanism tests reveal that the policy’s positive effects are primarily driven by reduced information asymmetry, while subsidies, tax reductions, and talent cultivation have limited impact. This paper advances the understanding of the role of policy within the hidden champion theory.

• Wang, Pengfei & Liu, Jingjiang (2025)
  Categorical Atypicality and Evaluation Accuracy: Who Make More Accurate Evaluations of Atypical Firms?

  Journal of Management Studies, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.70010

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  Abstract Prior literature on market categories and identities focuses primarily on whether categorical atypicality leads to positive or negative evaluation; however, much less is known about whether the evaluation is accurate or not. While it is important for producers to know if atypicality is penalized or rewarded, audiences are also concerned about whether their evaluation of atypical organizations is accurate, as well as how the evaluation can be improved. To shed light on this, we first test the association between categorical atypicality and evaluation accuracy. Distinguishing audiences in two dimensions – coverage coherence and typicality – we further theorize and examine which audiences are better able to evaluate atypical organizations. Analysing earnings forecasts for US firms, we find that analysts’ forecasts for atypical firms are not necessarily inaccurate, contrary to what prior theory would suggest. More importantly, the results show that analysts are more accurate in forecasting atypical firms when their coverages are more atypical and/or incoherent. The findings suggest that atypical and incoherent coverage enables analysts to better understand atypical firms, supporting our core conjecture of ‘unconventional audiences for atypical actors’.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2025)
  Protestantisk etikk og kapitalistisk ånd? Næringslivshistorie frå Møre og Romsdal MadsLangnes(Red.)Museumsforlaget2024ISBN: 9788283051551

  Heimen - Lokal og regional historie, 62(3) , s. 260-263. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/heimen.62.3.6

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  Bokmelding

• Gaim, Medhanie; Saad, Elie & Nair, Sujith (2025)
  Pathways to Successful Startup-Corporate Partnerships

  California Management Review, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256251383844

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  Startup-corporate partnerships provide mutual benefits by combining startups’ innovation with established firms’ resources and processes. However, despite these clear advantages, initiating and nurturing such partnerships is often fraught with obstacles. Our research provides evidence-based insights for startup founders and corporate managers on how these partnerships unfold. Specifically, we identify two distinct pathways that can serve as a practical starting point for corporate managers. Also, we pinpoint three key “pathbreakers” in the formation process and offer strategies to effectively manage them. In addition, the article highlights the cumulative signals that both parties can use not only to create the potential for partnership but to bring the collaboration to fruition. This guidance to managers seeking to establish or engage in such partnerships includes outlining key factors to consider, potential challenges that may arise, and actionable strategies to address them.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard & Linda, Rademaker (2025)
  How data barriers shape international strategy

  Global Strategy Journal, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.70004

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  Research Summary: Parallel with the growing volume and value of data in business operations, governments increasingly impose restrictions on the use, storage, and transfer of data across borders. In this paper, we examine how these data barriers can influence firms' global strategies. First, we propose a conceptual framework specifying five key dimensions of data barriers: the type of data, the data action they restrict, their source , motivation , and direction . Using an institutional perspective, we discuss how these features can influence the relative attractiveness of host countries, entry decisions, and important contingencies. We propose strategies that firms can pursue to respond to these constraints and develop a research agenda for further work in this area, thereby contributing to the literature on institutional strategy and global digital strategy. Managerial Summary: Digitalization has become essential to firms' operations, yet governments increasingly impose restrictions on the unobstructed use, transfer, and storage of data. For firms that operate in different countries, adhering to these regulations requires them to understand the trade‐offs involved in this process. In this paper, we explain what data barriers are and how and when these influence firms' foreign investment choices. In particular, we discuss how and when data barriers may require firms to physically locate in host countries, what the consequences are for firms' global footprint and innovation, and how they can strategically respond to mitigate the effects of data barriers.

• Johnson, Jeffrey; Wolmar, Christian, Andersen, Espen, Waldez, Miguel, Delic, Kemal & Odlyzko, Andrew (2025)
  Driverless Vehicles: A case study in applied artificial intelligence

  ACM Ubiquity, (November) Doi: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3777393

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  The case study of driverless vehicles shows that AI has limitations. Understanding this can lead to successful systems, while not understanding it has led to expensive failures. Despite billions of dollars invested over many decades, no vehicle entirely controlled by AI can operate on public roads. Success comes from an appropriate combination of AI doing what it does best and humans doing what they do best. The examples of a grocery delivery system and driverless taxis show that viable systems can be produced when vehicles drive partly using AI but request remote human assistance when the AI cannot cope. Such successes can give the public the impression that the AI can solve much harder problems than it can—to operate in the highly complex real world AI systems need humans in the loop. There are various aids for drivers such as AI controlling cars on freeways, but these all require the driver to take back control when instructed. Other lessons for engineering AI system include: the level of autonomy for intelligent machines and systems should be well defined; a systems approach that codesigns AI systems with their operating environment can lead to successful systems capable of incremental improvement; new and unanticipated problems can emerge on applying AI; the highest standards of conventional software engineering are required for robust and safe AI applications; driverless vehicles challenge the idea that regulation stifles innovation, and provide examples of companies putting profit before safety—regulation is essential for safe applications of AI.

• Skoge, Mari; Aminoff, Sofie Ragnhild, Barrett, Elizabeth Ann, Bryhni, Gina Engen, Kling, Kristine, Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn, Melle, Ingrid, Mork, Erlend, Simonsen, Carmen , Støme, Linn Nathalie, Vink, Josina, Værnes, Tor Gunnar & Romm, Kristin Lie (2025)
  A Mobile App Designed to Promote Shared Decision-Making in the Treatment of Psychotic Disorders: Feasibility and Acceptability Study

  JMIR Human Factors, 12 Doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/68813

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  Abstract Background Strengthening shared decision-making in mental health care may improve the quality of services and treatment outcomes, but its implementation in services for severe mental disorders is currently lacking. Objective This study aims to explore the feasibility and acceptability of iTandem (University of Oslo), a mobile app designed to promote shared decision-making in the treatment of psychotic disorders. In addition, the study aims to investigate mechanisms that potentially contribute to the intended effect of the app. iTandem is a therapy supplement that facilitates patient involvement in decisions regarding treatment goals and focus areas. It is designed for personalized use and contains 8 optional modules: sleep, medication, recovery, mood, psychosis, activity, substance use, and feedback concerning therapy. Methods Patients undergoing assessment or treatment for psychotic disorders and their clinicians were recruited for the study. Patients and clinicians jointly used iTandem as part of standard treatment in a 6-week trial. We used a mixed-methods study design with a clear emphasis on qualitative methods. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed through descriptive statistics based on preintervention and postintervention questionnaires and app usage data, in addition to text responses to open-ended items. We conducted a reflexive thematic analysis of postintervention interviews to elaborate these measures and to explore mechanisms potentially contributing to achieving shared decision-making when using iTandem. Results A total of 9 patients and 8 clinicians completed the trial. The participants evaluated iTandem as a user-friendly and acceptable tool, but there were considerable variations in how the app was integrated into treatment and in perceptions of its clinical value. The thematic analysis suggests that iTandem has the potential to facilitate shared decision-making through supporting cognition and shifting the patient’s role. We also identified scaffolding structures, an analogy of personalized support, as a precondition for these mechanisms and for the overall feasibility and acceptability of iTandem. Conclusions iTandem was generally perceived as a feasible and acceptable tool in the treatment of patients with psychotic disorders. Our findings suggest that nonclinical aspects, such as support structures, are important to the feasibility and acceptability of such digital interventions and patients’ aptness for digitalized treatment in general. Future research should explore related nonclinical aspects further instead of defining potential target groups based on diagnoses and symptom severity alone.

• Lehmann, Julian; Hukal, Philipp, Recker, Jan Christof & Tumbas, Sanja (2025)
  Layering the Architecture of Digital Product Innovations: Firmware and Adaptive Layers

  Journal of the AIS, 26(6) , s. 1630-1650. Doi: https://aisel.aisnet.org/jais/vol26/iss6/8

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  This study investigates how organizations layer their product architectures by embedding digital components into physical products. Drawing on a longitudinal case study of PrintCo—a desktop 3D printer firm—we show that layering a product architecture relies on creating adapter layers that facilitate connections among physical and digital components. To generate these adapter layers, PrintCo first parametrized physical components through firmware, making them controllable and addressable. PrintCo then arranged higher-order digital functionality via adapter layers that couple parametrized physical components with additional digital functionality. Based on these findings, we propose a theoretical model that explains how organizations layer product architectures, what the role of adapter layers is, and how the transformation of an organization’s product architecture progresses.

• Støme, Linn Nathalie; Aminoff, Sofie Ragnhild, Ihler, Henrik Myhre, Romm, Kristin Lie, Skoge, Mari & Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn (2025)
  Slik lykkes vi med digitalisering i mental helse

  [Popular Science Article]. Dagens medisin,

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  Å dele gode resultater på tvers av helseforetakene og ha tydelige gevinstrealiseringsmål vil være avgjørende for å drive digitaliseringen fremover.

• Ørjasæter, Nils-Otto; Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn & Støme, Linn Nathalie (2025)
  Value-Based Framework for Evaluating Pre-Commercial Procurement: Case Study of Value-Based Key Performance Indicators

  JMIR Formative Research, 9 Doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/71279

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  Abstract Background The demographic shift toward older populations is placing increasing pressure on health care systems, and only 20% of patients with chronic issues in the industrial world’s rural areas have guaranteed access to adequate health care services. This stresses the health care systems, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions. The Horizon 2020 Pre-Commercial Procurement (PCP) project, Crane, addresses these needs by facilitating the procurement of a digital self-management system for treating patients with chronic issues at home. Three rural European regions are participating in the project: Västerbotten (Sweden), Extremadura (Spain), and Agder (Norway). Objective This study aims to explore and identify key design criteria and value-based key performance indicators (VB-KPIs) to support the development and evaluation of digital health care solutions for patients with chronic issues in rural areas within the Crane PCP process. Methods A 3-iteration process was used to identify and prioritize the VB-KPIs in the Crane project. First, user needs were investigated based on stakeholder analyses in the participating rural regions. The early health technology assessment tool, Step Up, was used in 5 workshops (2 in Agder, 2 in Extremadura, and 1 in Västerbotten). Participants included patients and health care professionals. Second, post workshop, stakeholders were asked to comment on the summarized results, which were accordingly adjusted. Third, following the workshops, VB-KPIs were identified and prioritized, and discussions among representatives from the 3 buyer regions were conducted. Results Thirty-five VB-KPIs across 5 domains were identified. User-related (9 VB-KPIs), employee-related (9 key performance indicators), clinical (4 VB-KPIs), organizational (6 VB-KPIs), and economic (8 VB-KPIs) outcomes from the workshops and the subsequent discussions emphasized regional differences in terms of user needs and priorities. While Agder (Norway) and Västerbotten (Sweden) emphasized privacy, digital trust, and physical interaction as important, Extremadura (Spain) prioritized negotiation and shared decision-making. Despite differences, shared values were identified, including empowerment, flexibility, preventative care, and improved quality of life. Conclusions The identified and prioritized VB-KPIs are likely to provide a need-based foundation for the development and subsequent evaluation of the digital PCP, Crane, although regional socioeconomic and cultural differences may necessitate local adaptations.

• Andersen, Espen (2025)
  Teens and Screens: Game of Life, Indeed: "The Remarkable Life of Ibelin"

  ACM Ubiquity, (September) Doi: https://ubiquity.acm.org/article.cfm?id=3760268&doi=10.1145%2F3760268

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  Sometimes, the most social person in the room might be the teen with the screen

• Wang, Pengfei (2024)
  Employee Status, Role Expectation and Performance Evaluation: Evidence from NBA Players

  British Journal of Management, 0 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12890 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This paper shifts attention from how employee status affects work performance to the role of status in performance evaluation when rewards or penalties for performance are determined. While prior studies have shown that high status enables employees to perform well, we emphasize that it may also elevate role expectations, which then become hard to meet. Building on expectation confirmation theory, we argue especially that high-status employees may be less rewarded for their performance because high expectations of them have been established. Although low-status employees are less likely to perform well, they receive greater rewards on attaining success, suggesting a potential advantage to being disadvantaged ex ante. Moreover, while prior literature highlights various benefits of having prestigious peers, we maintain that the presence of high-status teammates also raises expectations of teamwork. As such, employees will be less rewarded for team performance when they work with high-status teammates. We test our hypotheses in a sample of NBA players and find general support. Our findings highlight employees’ status as a potential liability in performance evaluation.

• Fehlner, Corina (2024)
  Come closer! On transaction costs and spatial choices in a circular economy

  Walking the talk? : MNEs transitioning towards a sustainable world, , s. 295-318. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-886220240000018019

• Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Petersen, Bent (2024)
  Reijo Luostarinen’s approach to value chain activity in firm internationalization: a key contribution to entry mode research

  The Helsinki Internationalization Process Model: Foundations and Future Agenda, , s. 200-207. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035332045.00024

• Schou, Peter Kalum (2024)
  The evolution and disintegration of innovation narratives during scaling in science-based ventures

  Journal of Product Innovation Management, 42(2) , s. 1-27. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12764 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Science-based ventures (SBVs) are crucial vehicles that bring new technologies from the lab and to the mainstream market. During this journey, innovation narratives play a crucial role in coordinating innovation. Innovation narratives are linguistic representations that actors use to make sense of innovation activities, events and actions. In other words, they are stories that drive sensemaking, which is a critical element in avoiding conflicts in product innovation process and securing coordinated activities between diverse actors. However, as SBVs shift markets and undergo radical changes, they may have to update narratives to fit these changes. Yet, little is known about how innovation narratives and coordination evolve during this journey. To improve knowledge on this matter, I conducted a 24-month study of a science-based venture crossing over to a commercial market. I find that during this transition, innovation narratives shift from being shaped by progressive storytelling, where the benefits of becoming commercial and hiring nonacademics is highlighted, to being shaped by retrogressive storytelling, where incumbents and newcomers use their respective pasts to develop divergent narratives, and finally to appearing as disintegrated storytelling, where narratives compete and hinder coordination in innovation processes. Building on these findings, I construct a process model of how innovation narratives evolve and disintegrate as SBVs scale. This article contributes to knowledge on innovation management by illustrating how innovation narratives affect coordination in innovation processes, as well as how they may evolve during organizational change. Furthermore, this article illuminates the challenges that SBVs face to their innovation processes when scaling

• Harrison, Debbie (2024)
  The dynamics of ongoing market maintenance through centralized market work

  Market studies : mapping, theorizing and impacting market action, , s. 81-95.

• Wang, Pengfei (2024)
  Pricing innovation: The anchoring effect in patent valuation

  Technovation, 136 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2024.103070 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Prior literature has long recognized the substantial economic value that patents hold in the market. Yet, we know much less about the valuation process, i.e., how market audiences estimate (or determine) the value of newly granted patents. Building on behavioral economics, we propose the anchoring effect as an important cognitive mechanism, such that a patent's valuation is anchored on the value that preceding patents have secured. Analyzing financial valuation of U.S. patents between 1991 and 2010, we find broad support to the anchoring effect. The effect is more pronounced when focal patents are of lower novelty, when prior anchors are more consistent, and when focal firms have a higher patenting frequency. Furthermore, our extensional analysis suggests that anchoring acts as an important driver for the divergence between patents' economic value and scientific quality, which deserves attention from firms and policy makers.

• Schou, Peter Kalum (2024)
  Unpacking the myth of the entrepreneurial state

  Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 21 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00454 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The idea of The Entrepreneurial State, a state that acts as an entrepreneur, creating and shaping markets to solve certain missions, has captured the eye of the public and of scholars. Yet, a number of scholars have voiced critique of The Entrepreneurial State Paradigm, arguing that it leads to policy failure. But simultaneously, other scholars argue that policy failures stem from interpretation and poor implementation, rather than core ideas in The Entrepreneurial State, such as mission-oriented policies. In this paper, I seek to clarify this debate. I argue that the growing reports of mission-oriented policy failures are due to three factors nested in The Entrepreneurial State Paradigm. They are 1) Disregard of the role of private entrepreneurship; 2) Encouraging policy makers to disregard limits to government action, and 3) Extrapolating grand policies from limited results. Thus, I argue that registered policy failures do not stem merely from bad policy making or incorrect interpretations of The Entrepreneurial State Paradigm. They stem directly from this paradigm. Consequently, I argue that scholars and policy makers should move away from The Entrepreneurial State and instead focus on the enabling role of the state.

• Grøgaard, Birgitte (2024)
  Asset recombination

  Encyclopedia of International Strategic Management, , s. 8-10.

• Colman, Helene Loe & Lunnan, Randi (2024)
  The performance serial acquirers: a review and integrative framework

  Advances in mergers and acquisitions. Volume 23, , s. 60-76. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-361X20240000023004

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  Serial acquirers take on multiple acquisitions as part of an acquisition program. Recently, serial acquirers have received scholarly attention from several streams of research. In this chapter, the authors review this research, focusing on the antecedents, processes, and performance of serial acquisitions. The authors develop a conceptual model that integrates the various streams of research. Based on this review, the authors argue that future research on serial acquirers should consider the complexity of integrating multiple acquisitions, by broadening the scope to include the organizational implications and long-term consequences when evaluating the performance of serial acquirers.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2024)
  Managing complex collaboration in construction projects

  Routledge Handbook of Collaboration in Construction, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003379553-22

• Wilberg, Erik (2024)
  Fra topp til bunn: Utvikling av generelle og lokale nyhetskilder fra 2006 til 2022

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Petersen, Bent & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2024)
  Making Switches: Key Strategic Decisions When Moving From a Local, Independent Operator to a Wholly Owned Subsidiary

  Thunderbird International Business Review, 66(6) , s. 643-653. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22405 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Entering a foreign market entails making the important mode decision of how to operate there. But the initial mode choice is not always forever and may be reassessed as business circumstances change. The mode shifting process—that is, how switches from one mode to another unfold—has scarcely been described, so we lack a systematic outline of this process. In this article, we take a first step toward such an outline. Adopting the established distinction between the formation and implementation phases of strategy making and execution, we describe the critical strategic decisions managers need to make about how to carry out a mode switch. Regarding the formation phases, we discuss the identification and consideration of entry mode switches as viable options, and whether companies plan or not for such shifts. Regarding the implementation phases, we differentiate between the integrating and collaborating decisions that define the type of switches made by companies.

• Arnold, Laurin & Hukal, Philipp (2024)
  The varying effects of standardisation on digital platform innovation: evidence from OpenStreetmap

  Innovation: Organization and Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2024.2345319 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We investigate the effects of standardisation as a means of direct control on digital platform innovation. Specifically, we study the standardisation of parameters and procedures implemented in the web editing API on the popular geodata platform, OpenStreetMap. Using a regression-based approach to interrupted time series analysis, we assess the quantity and quality of new content generated on the platform before and after the standardisation. We find that the intervention had positive and negative effects on the generation of platform content on OpenStreetMap, which we summarise in three different effects (control, simplification, spill-over). Through the control effect, standardisation decreases the generation of content in quantity by enforcing conformity and reducing complementor’s freedom in producing certain outcomes. Through the simplification effect, standardisation increases the generation of new content in quantity by simplifying and streamlining the production of certain outcomes. Lastly, through the spill-over effect, standardisation increases the generation of content in quality and new areas of the platform by improving the compatibility and interoperability of content. Framing these findings through the rich body of work on standardisation and innovation in the technology management literature, we engage a long-standing tension in research on digital platforms – the balance between control and innovation. We discuss the prospect of standardisation as one way to directly control the balance between desirable and undesirable variation necessary for platforms to innovate, as it restricts some activities while enabling others.

• Benito, Gabriel R G & Meyer, Klaus E. (2024)
  Industrial policy, green challenges, and international business

  Journal of International Business Studies, 55(9) , s. 1093-1107. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-024-00722-6 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Nation states are designing their industry policies increasingly to not only enhance national competitiveness, but to simultaneously address “Green Challenges”, concerns about the natural environment that require concerted action among different actors in society, including domestic and foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs). This blending of global and national policy objectives is leading to a new wave of industrial policies in advanced economies that are informed by scholarly discourses in evolutionary economics, innovation systems and wicked problems. We discuss the implications of these sustainability-oriented industrial policies for MNEs. They operate in increasingly diverse local ecosystems shaped by local actors and local policies as we illustrate for two such ecosystems in Nordic countries: Circular economy and energy transition. Many MNEs face a tension between capabilities they could use to help nations achieve their sustainability goals and incentives to protect existing rents and business models. They may thus engage pro-actively or reactively in both market and nonmarket realms in each country in which they operate. We discuss the interactions between MNEs, governments and other actors in host countries pursuing both sustainability and competitiveness objectives, and outline how ensuing tensions create new challenges and opportunities for international business scholarship.

• Nitzsch, Jannis Von; Bird, Miriam & Saiedi, Ed (2024)
  The strategic role of owners in firm growth: Contextualizing ownership competence in private firms

  Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 18(3) , s. 553-581. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1497 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We integrate the emerging literature on the strategic role of firm owners in firms’ value creation with Penrosean growth theory to investigate how and under what conditions two experience-based competences among owners—matching competence and governance competence—influence firm growth. Employing a longitudinal sample of 2,509 owner-managed German firms, we find a positive relationship between owners’ experience-based competences and firm growth. Further, we find that in family firms, the positive relationship between owners’ experience-based governance competence and firm growth is weaker and that both experience-based competences matter more in younger firms compared to older firms. Our findings make important contributions to research on strategic ownership and Penrosean growth theory.

• Vaagaasar, Anne Live; Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2024)
  An Organization Science Perspective on Collaboration in Construction Projects: Implications of practice theory.

  Routledge Handbook of Collaboration in Construction,

• Kratochvil, Renate (2024)
  The process of framing innovation activities: How strategic leaders erode their ideas for radical innovations

  Research Policy, 54(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2024.105107 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Understanding what impedes and facilitates radical innovation is crucial. This study introduces a process perspective on managerial cognition into the strategic leadership literature to elucidate the dynamics that contribute to idea erosion during the development of radical innovation. Employing a framing perspective and utilizing longitudinal data from a single case, this study presents a process model of strategic leaders' framing-induced idea erosion. At the heart of this process are two dynamics. First is a dynamic consisting of the anticipation of innovation that fails to account for the necessary iterative process, leading to a growing mismatch between expectations and activities. Second is a dynamic consisting of cognitive processes, where strategic leaders frame this mismatch as a failure, this intensifying over time. This study shows that strategic leaders tend to favor incremental over radical innovation, not due to a shortage of ideas but because they frame their activities as failures.

• Aadland, Erik & Sgourev, Stoyan V. (2024)
  Capitalizing on Stigma: Valuation Arbitrage in Norwegian Black Metal

  Academy of Management Discoveries, Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2023.0270 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Studies of destigmatization in markets typically feature targeted actors and audiences. This paper changes the analytical perspective by exploring the role of market intermediaries. It highlights the practice of “valuation arbitrage”, employed by intermediaries to capitalize on differences between the valuation of a product in stigmatized and non-stigmatized conditions. This practice may reduce the exclusionary power of stigma by facilitating the integration of targeted actors into product or labor markets. We investigate valuation arbitrage in the context of Norwegian black metal: a heavy metal genre that became notorious in the mid-1990s for its involvement in criminal activities. The analysis is abductive in nature, as exploration of qualitative data allows to identify a pattern and formulate an expectation that is then tested with quantitative data. An event history analysis of the hazard of a first record release attests to valuation arbitrage by international record labels that signed local bands to build up international demand, reinterpreting the transgressions as a sign of authenticity.

• Lombardo, Sebastiano & Vaagaasar, Anne Live (2024)
  Forskningsfronten på megaprosjekter: Hvor står vi?

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Ratajczak-Mrozek, Milena; Hauke-Lopes, Aleksandra & Harrison, Debbie (2024)
  The evolution of contractual and relational governance mechanisms when platforms are actors in networks

  Industrial Marketing Management, 121(4) , s. 198-212. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.07.013

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  There is a lack of empirical research about network governance mechanisms in the inter-organisational relationship (IOR) literature. In this paper, we provide new insight by analysing how platform actors influence governance mechanisms in business networks using a comparative case study of two platforms in a B2B2C setting. The focus is on the dynamics of the governance mechanism mix over time, highlighting how important contextual factors impact the combination of formal, informal and virtual mechanisms. Three groups of contextual factors are central to the governance mechanism mix: (i) macro-level factors (e.g. market structure), (ii) network-level factors (e.g. platform scope) and (iii) inter-organisational relationship-level factors (e.g. prior history of cooperation). Our findings highlight the impact of, and the interdependencies between, the three different contextual factors on the evolution of network governance mechanisms over time when a platform is involved as a network actor.

• Schou, Peter Kalum & Nesheim, Torstein (2024)
  What We Do in the Shadows: How expert workers reclaim control in digitalized and centralized organizations through ‘stealth work’

  Organization Studies, 45(5) , s. 719-744. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406241233175 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Organizations often depend on experts to carry out complex tasks that require specialized or tacit knowledge. Yet, organizations often want to increase their control over how tasks are performed and thus reduce the autonomy of experts. In the past, scholars have argued that experts had the ability to rebuff organizational attempts to control them. However, in an era with increased digitalization and centralization in organizations, experts risk losing control. How experts react when facing this increased centralization and digitalization is not well understood. Thus, this study seeks to improve knowledge on how experts react as organizations digitalize and centralize control over tasks. To do so, we studied a large energy company, which sought to increase its control over tasks and reduce the autonomy of its expert engineers by implementing an organizational change that included centralization and digital control. Using in-depth interviews, we portray how the expert workers reclaimed control using three micro-level tactics – strategic compliance and workaround, using legacy to reclaim control and concealing expert control. Based on these findings, our paper makes three contributions to the literature on experts and control. First, we provide the concept of ‘stealth work’, outlining how experts can reclaim control when centralization and digitalization have otherwise stripped them of status and power. Second, we highlight how expert control may be nested in organizations as a legacy, which experts can use when facing centralization and digitalization, and finally, we highlight how experts can engage in small hacks that curb the usefulness of digital control systems.

• Nesheim, Torstein & Schou, Peter Kalum (2024)
  Where projects and non-projects coexist in the core challenges for frontline managers

  International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 30(4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-01-2024-0020

• Fey, Carl F. & Chen, Yian (2024)
  Organizational culture in MNE's

  Encyclopedia of International Strategic Management, , s. 322-326.

• Lunnan, Randi & Rygh, Asmund (2024)
  State-owned enterprises

  Encyclopedia of International Strategic Management, , s. 364-367.

• Tulder, Rob Van; Grøgaard, Birgitte & Lunnan, Randi (2024)
  Walking the talk? : MNEs transitioning towards a sustainable world

  Emerald Group Publishing Limited

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  Across the globe, concerns escalate about the effects of greenhouse gas emissions on global climate conditions, implications on global trade from pandemics, and the destruction of ecosystems from the exploitation of limited and non-replaceable global resources. Politicians and businesses alike agree that something must be done, the question is what, how, when, and by whom? What should firms do to reduce their carbon footprint while continuing to secure jobs and profits? When should firms make decisions to transform their businesses given the uncertainty of markets as well as the lack of clear guidance from global institutions? In this volume we ask: Are we actually walking the talk? This volume includes select contributions from the 2022 EIBA conference in Oslo, as well as a number of invited contributions. The book is a tribute to Professor Alain Verbeke who has contributed substantially to the theme of ‘walking the talk’ in the IB community. The chapters in this volume illustrate a broad spectre of research questions and ways to answer them within the IB community that provide evidence that many types of actors are taking – or can take - steps to actually “walk the talk”. The contributions also show, however, that MNEs face considerable challenges to make their ambitions real, which in turn presents a challenge for IB scholarship to develop relevant and robust analytical approaches to cover the transition problems that MNEs face.

• Pinnock, Susanna; Evers, Natasha & Hoholm, Thomas (2024)
  Customer search strategies of entrepreneurial telehealth firms - how effective is effectuation?

  International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2023-0560 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Purpose – The demand for healthcare innovation is increasing, and not much is known about how entrepreneurial firms search for and sell to customers in the highly regulated and complex healthcare market. Drawing on effectuation perspectives, we explore how entrepreneurial digital healthcare firms with disruptive innovations search for early customers in the healthcare sector. Study design/methodology/approach – This study uses a qualitative, longitudinal multiple-case design of four entrepreneurial Nordic telehealth firms. In-depth interviews were conducted with founders and senior managers over a period of 27 months. Findings – We find that when customer buying conditions are highly flexible, case firms use effectual logic to generate customer demand for disruptive innovations. However, under constrained buying conditions firms adopt a more causal approach to customer search. Originality/value: We contribute to effectuation literature by illustrating how customer buying conditions influence decision-making logics of entrepreneurial firms searching for customers in the healthcare sector. We contribute to entrepreneurial resource search literature by illustrating how entrepreneurial firms search for customers beyond their networks in the institutionally complex healthcare sector. Practical implications – Managers need to gain a deep understanding of target buying environments when searching for customers. In healthcare sector markets, the degree of flexibility customers have over buying can constrain them from engaging in demand co-creation. In particular, healthcare customer access to funding streams can be a key determinant of customer flexibility.

• Lu, Ren; Peng, Xiangcai & Reve, Torger (2024)
  Firms' digital transformation, competitive strategies, and innovation: Evidence from Chinese listed companies

  Journal of Management & Organization, (4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2024.24

• Friedmann, Jens-Christian; Lavie, Dovev & Rademaker, Linda (2024)
  Does the Predator Become the Prey? Knowledge Spillover and Protection in Alliances

  Journal of Management, 30(4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063241262741

• Lindelid, Lidia & Nair, Sujith (2024)
  Trading wage jobs for dreams: the interplay between entry modes into self-employment and the duration of subsequent self-employment stints

  International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 30(11) , s. 120-139. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2023-0147 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Wage employees enter self-employment either directly or in a staged manner and may subsequently undertake multiple stints at self-employment. Extant research on the relationship between entry modes and the persistence and outcomes of self-employment is inconclusive. This study investigates the relationship between wage employees’ initial mode of entry into self-employment and the duration of the subsequent first two stints of self-employment.

• Gobbler, Lucas; Hukal, Philipp & Xiao, Xiao (2024)
  Four roles of physicality in digital innovation: A theoretical review

  Journal of strategic information systems, 33(4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2024.101862 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In this theoretical review, we engage with empirical contributions to digital innovation scholarship to advance our understanding of physicality. Specifically, we develop a conceptualization of physicality grounded in work on the materiality of technology involving two facets: The focus on physicality – an artifact or an activity – and the criticality of physicality when theorizing digital innovation: as a primary or secondary factor. We use this framing to describe four different roles of physicality in the digital innovation literature – physicality as subject, vessel, context, or nexus of digital innovation. Each role of physicality provides a different perspective that, independently or jointly, serves research into emergent topics along the frontier of digital innovation phenomena. This paper thus contributes by consolidating and advancing the theoretical foundation for researchers wishing to attend to varying aspects of physicality when theorizing digital innovation.

• Arnold, Laurin; Hukal, Philipp & Link, Marco (2024)
  Consortium Governance and Market Entry of Digital B2B Platforms: The Case of ADAMOS

  Information Systems Journal, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12580 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In this study, we examine how the Industrial Internet of Things platform ADAMOS successfully entered the German mechanical engineering market using a consortium-based approach. By establishing a joint venture among industry incumbents, ADAMOS followed consortium governance that separated platform ownership from platform operation. In so doing, ADAMOS navigated the complexities of market entry and overcame many challenges typical to business-to-business (B2B) markets. Drawing from the case, we develop a four-step framework for effective business-to-business platform market entry: (1) Spinning out a neutral legal entity, (2) designing a valuable platform core, (3) seeding the supply side with internal offerings, and (4) opening the platform to broader audiences. Based on this description, we discuss lessons learned and provide actionable recommendations for platform operators considering a consortium-based approach for their business-to-business platform market entry.

• Dube, Nonhlanhla; Selviaridis, Kostas, Oorschot, Kim E. van & Jahre, Marianne (2024)
  Riding the waves of uncertainty: Towards strategic agility in medicine supply systems

  Journal of Operations Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/joom.1330 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We investigate how organizations embedded in a supply system collectively respond to risks and seize opportunities arising from crisis events under shifting forms of uncertainty. Using the United Kingdom (UK) medicine supply system as the research context, we explore how decision-makers navigated the effects of an event with knowable implications (UK's European Union exit, 2016–2020) followed by an event with unknowable implications (COVID-19 global pandemic, 2020–2021). We adopt a longitudinal case research design that incorporates causal loop diagramming, to understand the system's responses. We find that learning evolves as crisis events unfold, changing from surface (know-what) to deep (know-why and -how) and at the highest level, it is transcendent. Transcendent learning entails understanding system effects into the future (i.e., beyond the past and present) and in relation to other supply systems (i.e., beyond the UK system). Capabilities to absorb, avoid, and accelerate away from shocks are developed sequentially as learning changes. We contribute to prior research by developing a theory of system-level strategic agility and the adaptation processes that underpin it. The latter hinge on dynamic resource (re)allocation and the continuous (re)configuration of processes, protocols, regulations, and structures.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Lluch, Andrea (2024)
  The International Labour Organization and Management Development in Argentina

  Business History Review, 98(2) , s. 485-516. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007680524000321 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This article addresses a new field of research in business history by exploring how the International Labour Organization (ILO) introduced management development programs in Argentina as a pilot project in developing countries in the late 1950s. By studying how the ILO worked together with actors at the national level, the article reveals how the ILO’s original idea to focus on top management development was reshaped through a dialogue with local actors within the context of tripartite cooperation between the government, business organizations, and unions. While the initiative was successful during the project period, it collapsed when Argentina’s government closed down the national productivity center with which the ILO was cooperating. While the tripartite principle was valuable for the first achievements, it was extremely vulnerable without the support of all partners.

• Aarset, Bernt & Mikhailova, Olga (2024)
  Ansvarlig forskning og innovasjon: En nødvendig bro mellom vitenskap og samfunn

  [Popular Science Article]. Forskningspolitikk,

• Lluch, Andrea & Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2024)
  In the shadow of Americanisation: The origins and evolution of management education and training in Argentina (1940s–1960s)

  Business History, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2024.2364344

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  Abstract This article examines the development of educational programs for developing managers in Argentina from the 1940s to the 1960s. Research on management education during this period has tended to be US-European focused and has looked at the impact of American models. In Argentina, new institutions began to emerge in the 1940s. This process gained momentum in the 1950s and flourished in the 1960s. Several American actors supported the institutionalization of management education. This paper analyses the relationship between American influence and Argentine national actors in two cases, business education within the Facultad de Ciencias Económicas (FCE, Faculty of Economic Science) at the University of Buenos Aires, and executive education at the Instituto para el Desarrollo de Ejecutivos en la Argentina (IDEA, Argentine Institute for Executives Development) Rather than being clones of US models, they reflected a national re-interpretation of the overall US idea of the development of institutions for the education and training of people in managerial positions.

• Nicolini, Davide & Korica, Maja (2024)
  Structured shadowing as a pedagogy

  Management Learning, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/13505076231221531 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In this article, we introduce and discuss the potential benefits of structured shadowing, a distinct pedagogy in which the action-proximity of traditional unstructured job shadowing is supplemented by carefully designed pre-, intra- and post-shadowing pedagogical support. We suggest that structured shadowing is a promising yet under-utilized and overlooked pedagogy to enrich management learning and education. Drawing on an interview-based evaluation study of several cohorts of final-year undergraduates in a UK business school, we find that structured shadowing helps students to establish meaningful connections between theory and managerial practices, better appreciate management’s complexities and dispel existing myths and preconceptions. It also allows them to reflect on the types of managers they imagine or aspire to be and helps to model management as a reflective activity. Based on our teaching experience and our results, we argue that structured shadowing offers valuable lessons for our field. It helps to address the challenges of substance, contextual understanding and reflection, which we identify as central to current management education debates. We also acknowledge that while structured shadowing is a powerful resource, it demands significant investment and potential trade-offs, and may reflect certain professional privileges

• Tvedt, Jostein (2024)
  EU's “three-in-seven” road haulage cabotage rule – Impact imbalances across member states and the geography

  Transport Policy, 159(December) , s. 57-66. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.004 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Road cabotage within the EU, as a share of domestic transport of goods, varies greatly across member states. This can partly be attributed to EU's regime for consecutive cabotage. In addition to economic factors that reflect incomplete market integration, spatial factors appear to affect the impact of the current regime. The impact seems stronger for geographically large and centrally located countries with interregional homogeneity in trade. This may reflect that foreign hauliers under such conditions can utilize the characteristics of their standardized long-range trucks better, or because the likelihood of successfully fixing three favourable long-distance cabotage assignments within the seven days limit increases. Potential amendments to regulations in order to equalize the impact of EU's consecutive cabotage regime across member states' spatial characteristics include removing the limits to the number of trips within the seven days' time frame or shortening the time frame for carrying out the current maximum of three trips.

• Fauchald, Ragnhild Nordeng; Veisdal, Jørgen, Aaboen, Lise & Kaspersen, Karoline Bergita Breivik (2024)
  The Dynamics of Alumni-Student Interactions via Digital Community Mechanisms in Entrepreneurship Education

  De Gruyter Handbook of Digital Entrepreneurship, , s. 371-393. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110764222-018

• Verbeke, Alain; Simoes, Sean & Grøgaard, Birgitte (2024)
  The role of multinational enterprises and formal institutions in BOP markets

  Journal of International Management, 30(4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2024.101171 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  There has been much debate on the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in ‘Bottom of the Pyramid’ (BOP) markets. MNEs are advised to overcome institutional voids by making maximum usage of informal institutions. In practice, the empirical support for MNEs' success and their contributions to the sustainable development of BOP markets has been limited. In this article, we focus on a realistic path –including the role of MNEs in this journey– to overcome the ‘poverty premium.’ The poverty premium refers to goods being available to BOP customers only at a very high cost, especially when using credit, and we attempt to address the root causes of this barrier. We present an actionable, transaction cost economics (TCE) based approach for MNEs and other market actors to strengthen and leverage contract-enforcing institutions in the long-term, using illustrative examples of the digital and financial inclusion journey observable in India. Our study confirms the continued need in BOP markets to build on conventional economics and management thinking, for the poorest people to be lifted out of poverty. Here, efficient formal institutions do matter.

• Kostis, Angelos; Lidstrom, Johan, Nair, Sujith & Holmstrom, Jonny (2024)
  Too Much AI Hype, too Little Emphasis on Learning? Entrepreneurs Designing Business Models through Learning-by-Conversing with Generative AI

  IEEE transactions on engineering management, 71 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2024.3484750

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  Entrepreneurs traditionally use “learning-by-doing” and “learning-by-thinking” as alternative approaches to iteratively build business models for their new ventures. However, both approaches face criticism in how they address novelty and uncertainty, which are crucial to successful entrepreneurship. While generative AI (GenAI) is increasingly used in entrepreneurial tasks, the practices through which it becomes a learning resource for entrepreneurs remain unexplored. Based on a qualitative study, we present a process model that illustrates how entrepreneurs incorporate GenAI into business model design through five resourcing practices. These practices transform GenAI into a valuable resource for facilitating learning during the design process. This approach, which we term “learning-by-conversing,” introduces a generative startup methodology to complement the lean startup model. We distinguish two modes of learning by conversing—reflexive learning and confirmatory learning—based on how novice and experienced entrepreneurs engage with it. By proposing a learning approach that integrates GenAI with entrepreneurial efforts, we bridge the “thinking” versus “doing” debate in business model generation and deepen our understanding of GenAI's role in entrepreneurship

• Veisdal, Jørgen (2024)
  Value perceptions of first-party content on multi-sided platforms: Findings from the Amazon Marketplace

  Journal of Marketing Analytics, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-024-00296-0 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In the context of multi-sided platform (MSP) literature, the strategic use of first-party content is well established. In these contexts, consumers’ value perceptions of first- and third-party content is assumed to be equivalent. In the marketing literature, however, it is generally accepted that the perceived value of products from store brands is significantly lower than products from manufacturer brands. This study investigates whether the same difference exists among consumers on a multi-sided platform. The study finds that consumers perceive products sold by the platform as delivering significantly less value than substitutes from third-party brands, and that this difference persists independently of price. The implications of the findings for managers and marketers are that (i) first-party content strategies on MSPs are limited by consumers’ value perceptions. This implies that (ii) managers should calibrate their first-party content strategies according to target customers’ preferences and that (iii) in their analytics, marketers should distinguish between first- and third-party content.

• Hungnes, Tonje; Hoholm, Thomas & Clegg, Stewart (2024)
  Future-making power : a study of competing imagined futures in healthcare

  British Journal of Management, 36(3) , s. 1111-1131. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12888 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This paper presents a conceptual model of strategies of power in future-making, informed by a case study in the healthcare sector. In zooming out from investigating the future-making activities of an organizational innovation project team and tracing competing imagined futures enacted by medical professionals and strategic management, this study explains how and why the project struggled to realize its mandate. In this case, we identify three strategies of power, namely mobilization, discipline and discretion, and discuss their potential controversies and combinations. Moreover, we contribute to theories on discretionary power, demonstrating how it is produced by combining interdiscursivity with management control and nondecision. Strategies of discretion are productive in the realm of future-making, particularly in exploiting forces of discipline and mobilization to enable parallel imagined futures to be created and maintained over time. On the downside, this may keep competing imagined futures hostage, potentially serving non-transparent agendas.

• Tvedt, Jostein (2024)
  Sacralisation of Land and Seascapes on the West Coast of Norway – A Reality or Misconceptions on Renaissance Maps?

  Maal og Minne, 116(2) , s. 345-369. Doi: https://doi.org/10.52145/mom.v116i2.2321 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The paper discusses the geographical sacralisation that seems to be present in sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century maps of the land and seascapes around Bergen on the Norwegian west coast. The hagiotoponyms may represent foreign mapmakers’ misconceptions when faced with unfamiliar and incomprehensible local place-names. That is, the toponyms’ original meaning may have been secular and the origin Norse. Alternatively, the maps may correctly reproduce and preserve medieval sacral place names, of which meaning subsequently has been lost. The toponyms that are discussed are Sotra, Krossfjord and Lyse, which may be linked, respectively, to the prominent medieval religious institutions of the region, the Benedictine Munkeliv Abbey, the Cross Church of Fana and the Cistercian Lyse Abbey.

• Tinits, Priit; Yi, Jingtao, Fey, Carl F. & Meng, Shuang (2024)
  Government R&D support's effects on export performance via innovation: An analysis of organizational motivators as moderators

  International Business Review, (4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2024.102345

• Lagemann, Benjamin; Lunnan, Randi, Brett, Per Olaf, Agis, Jose Jorge Garcia, Solheim, Astrid Vamråk & Erikstad, Stein Ove (2024)
  What is a ship design firm, really?

  International Marine Design Conference (IMDC), Doi: https://doi.org/10.59490/imdc.2024.914 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Ship design is a creative process serving a defined objective. This is normally an iterative process with the design being corrected and adjusted many times until it satisfies this objective. Ship design is taking place in a broader business context consisting of stakeholders providing necessary resources and information to enable the realization of a vessel newbuilding project. Activities performed by different actors, such as customers, suppliers and brokers, are organized by and integrated into a ship design firm. This paper addresses and discusses different ways of organizing integrated design-related activities to deliver on the firm´s value proposition. A value proposition denotes the promised value to a selected customer, and through its value proposition, a ship design firm provides “superior” solutions to a customer’s needs. To enable this solution, a design firm draws on its current resources, including its past knowledge and experiences, and uses these resources in different types of processes, and – in different ways of collaborating with internal and external actors and specialists. In this paper, we draw on approaches from the field of business strategy to understand implications and trade-offs in different logics of value creation processes, how they can be applied in ship design firms, and their implications.

• Prange, Christiane; Lunnan, Randi & Mayrhofer, Ulrike (2024)
  The Diary Method in International Management Research

  MIR. Management International Review: journal of international business, 64, s. 1-29. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-024-00539-3 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Relationships between subsidiary managers and headquarters (HQ) have been investigated through various research methods in the international management field. The diary method is an experience-based research method that helps to tap into the actions, reactions, and emotions of managers working in the international domain. To our knowledge, no study has shed light on subsidiary-headquarters relations using insights from subsidiary managers’ diaries. We introduce the diary method to international management research and present an illustrative study on subsidiary-HQ relations, based on diaries written by fourteen subsidiary managers. We note that subsidiary managers display multiple types of emotions when dealing with their corporate HQ. We discuss how the diary method can enrich international management research, and in particular studies on multi-level subsidiary-HQ relations. Based on our illustrative study, we propose guidelines for using the diary method in the international management field by providing insights into the diary study preparation, the collection of diary data, and data analysis.

• Wessel, Michael; Schmidt-Kessen, Maria José & Hukal, Philipp (2024)
  Regulating short-term rental platforms: the effects of local regulatory responses on Airbnb’s operations in Europe

  Industrial and Corporate Change, 33(5) , s. 1158-1179. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtad075 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Many digital platforms offer services that affect real-world socio-economic processes. One example is the impact of short-term rental platforms such as Airbnb or Wimdu on cities and neighborhoods. Because these platforms often operate in a regulatory void characterized by absent, unclear, or poorly enforced laws and regulations, local governments in affected cities have begun experimenting with a variety of instruments to regulate the operations of short-term rental platforms. In this paper, we report how such locally implemented regulatory responses have affected Airbnb’s operations across 13 European cities over the period from 2015 to 2019. Using a difference-in-difference specification with synthetic controls, we assess the impact of different regulatory responses by disaggregating them into motivations, actions, targets, and outcomes. We find that the effectiveness of regulatory responses differs by type of regulation (restricting or clarifying), type of host (professional or private), as well as the enforcement (with or without the cooperation of the platform operator). Through this work, we add to the ongoing debate on the regulation of digital platforms by presenting both empirical evidence as well as an analytical framework.

• Sousa, Carlos M.P. ; Tsinopoulos, Christos, Yan, Ji & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2024)
  Finding the sweet spot : effects of exporting on the relationship between R&D investment and NPD performance

  International Marketing Review, 42(1) , s. 35-63. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-02-2024-0039 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Purpose: The aim of this research is twofold: (1) to investigate when the effect of R&D investment on New Product Development (NPD) performance peaks – the sweet spot and (2) to analyze the influence of firms’ export activities on where that spot is. Drawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV), we argue that export intensity and export experience lead to differential effects on how R&D investments are converted into new products. Design/methodology/approach: We test our conceptual framework using time lagged data and optimal-level analysis. The dataset consists of an unbalanced panel of 608,891 observations and 333,516 firms. Findings: The results support the expected inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D investment and NPD performance. They also show moderating effects of export intensity and experience. Export intensity enhances innovation processes by enabling firms to stretch the points at which R&D investments eventually taper off. In contrast, export experience improves firms’ ability to convert R&D investments into NPD performance. Our results demonstrate that, all else equal, firms with relatively higher export experience can spend less on R&D and still achieve higher levels of NPD performance. Originality/value: We contribute to the literature by investigating how export activities provide a valuable context for understanding the theoretical mechanisms that help explain the inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D investment and innovation. We show the effects of exporting activities on the precise points where the R&D investment–NPD performance relationship peaks, thereby identifying the optimal point within this nonlinear relationship.

• Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi; Dorobantu, Sinziana, Christopher, Sabel & Zilja, Flladina (2024)
  Geopolitical volatility and subsidiary investments

  Strategic Management Journal, , s. 2275-2306. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3631 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Research Summary We examine how geopolitical volatility—the instability of bilateral political affinity between countries—affects foreign subsidiary investments. Building on prior work that shows that the level of political affinity between countries facilitates foreign investments, we argue that the volatility of political affinity impedes firms' ability to form expectations about stakeholder behavior and reduces subsequent investments in subsidiaries. We further argue that the effect of volatility of political affinity on foreign subsidiary investments is less pronounced when the level of political affinity between countries is high and when the firm has strong political connections at home. Our analyses examine 1054 US firms and their subsidiary investments in 106 countries from 2000 to 2015. Managerial Summary Geopolitical risk has emerged as an important factor in foreign investment decisions in recent years. The rise of geopolitical tensions worldwide and the fragmentation of relationships between countries have introduced new dimensions to foreign investment risks. We study the propensity for sudden and unpredictable shifts in the political relationship between countries—that is, volatility of political affinity in their bilateral political relations—and its effect on firms' foreign subsidiary investments. We show that volatility of political affinity negatively affects the number of subsidiaries, employees, and local sales in the host country because when bilateral relations change suddenly, it is more difficult for multinational firms to predict how stakeholder behavior will impact the performance of their investments.

• Valls, Ferran Giones; Shankar, Raj K., Smith, Sheryl Winston, Garcia-Herrera, Cristobal & Timmermans, Bram (2024)
  Introduction to special issue on corporate and startup collaborations in an age of disruption: looking beyond the dyad

  Industry and Innovation, 31(5) , s. 533-543. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2024.2346315 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Established organisations and new ventures search for knowledge in the face of disruption. The activation of corporate-startup collaborations facilitates access to new and complementary knowledge. This type of collaboration has become increasingly popular as a corporate response to technological and market disruptions. However, there is growing evidence of the multiplicity of outcomes, intrinsically related to the broad diversity of forms and collaboration models. In this special issue, we include five contributions that give an overview of the phenomenon. We explore theoretical lenses that help us understand the potential tensions emerging from asymmetrical inter-organisational collaborations and possible solutions to make those collaborations successful. We delineate the theoretical and practical contributions of the papers and summarise the research opportunities that emerge around a phenomenon that keeps evolving.

• Årdal, Christine Oline; Gawad, Mohamed, Baraldi, Enrico, Jahre, Marianne & Edlund, Charlotta (2024)
  Fragmented markets for older antibiotics and child formulations, Denmark, Norway, Sweden

  Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 103(1) , s. 51-56. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.292102 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Antibiotic resistance is one of the most urgent threats to public health. The development of antibiotic resistance can be reduced by the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics that target specific bacteria, meaning that fewer non-harmful bacteria are killed and other harmful bacteria are not exposed to selection pressure. However, many narrow-spectrum antibiotics were introduced decades ago and therefore lack regulatory documentation in line with current standards. An additional problem for a reliable supply is that of market fragmentation, where countries with similar resistance patterns and prescribing cultures (e.g. Norway and Sweden) prioritize different formulations and strengths. For example, over half of Sweden’s highest priority paediatric antibiotics are not marketed in Denmark or Norway in the same formulations or dosages. Such market fragmentation, which can result in the annual demand of a country being smaller than batch production sizes, means that specific strengths and formulations may no longer be economical to supply. Further, once an antibiotic has been withdrawn from the market, it is difficult to attract a new supplier because of the cost of the clinical trials required to update approval of the drug. However, as resistance to antibiotics increases among populations, clinicians need access to the maximum possible range of antibiotics. Regional collaboration, that is, the harmonization of essential medicines lists (including strengths and formulations for older antibiotics) between countries, is a recommended first step towards reliable access to the necessary range of antibiotics.

• Schou, Peter Kalum (2023)
  Coming Apart While Scaling Up – Adoption of Logics and the Fragmentation of Organizational Identity in Science-Based Ventures

  Journal of Management Studies, 60(3) , s. 688-721. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12908 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  When trying to commercialize, science-based ventures often face contradicting institutional logics. While stakeholders appreciate scientific ability, they also increasingly demand concessions to a commercial logic focusing on efficiency and profit. To satisfy stakeholders, science-based ventures must adapt their organizational identity to include the commercial logic. The study investigates this challenge, relying on a 24-month in-depth study of a venture in the photonics industry. Based on the findings, I developed a process model that outlines how the logics shift from compatibility to incompatibility during the adoption process, thereby causing the organizational identity to fragment. The paper contributes to research streams on organizational identity processes, dynamics of institutional logics in organizations, and scaling of science-based ventures.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik; Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Grøgaard, Birgitte (2023)
  The untold story: Teaching cases and the rise of international business as a new academic field

  Journal of International Business Studies, 54, s. 1313-1331. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-023-00609-y - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The dominant narrative about the rise of international business (IB) focuses on early research and the institutionalization of a new academic field. In this study, we explore the role of case writing in the field’s formative period from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s. Based on an analysis of teaching cases on IB topics, we demonstrate that case-based teaching, including the writing of cases, was an innovative pedagogical method that made a strong impact on the formation of the new academic field. Analyzing the cases and the background and affiliation of their authors offers new insights into the linkages to other disciplines from which the new academic field emerged. The analysis of the cases also provides new insight into how the case authors connected to the new practical experiences from an increasing number of multinational enterprises, particularly from the US, and conceptualized the experiences into a pedagogical language. The investigation covers 489 cases written by scholars located in 18 countries from the early 1950s to 1963, as well as archival studies of the business schools and institutions that initiated the production of cases.

• Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik & Snow, Charles C. (2023)
  Actor-Oriented Organizing

  Designing Adaptive Organizations,

• Andersson, Ulf; Benito, Gabriel R G, Lunnan, Randi & Tomassen, Sverre (2023)
  Why Some are Less Willing to Share:Competitive Domains and Knowledge Transfer in Multi-Unit Organizations

  Social Science Research Network (SSRN), Doi: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4620947

• Ubisch, Sverre Søyland & Wang, Pengfei (2023)
  Innovation on technological “islands”: domain contrast, boundary spanning, knowledge depth and breadth

  Industrial and Corporate Change, 32(5) , s. 1023-1045. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtad014 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Prior literature has long examined innovation as a recombination process within or across the boundaries of technological domains. However, limited attention is paid to boundaries per se. Building upon recent development of categorical contrast, this study distinguishes domains with crisp boundaries from those with fuzzy boundaries and examines their effects on innovation outputs. Analyzing a large sample of US patents, we find that spanning crisp boundaries is more likely to generate impactful inventions but at the same time leads to significantly higher recombinant uncertainty. We continue to explore what types of inventors are better able to span such types of domain boundaries. Focusing specifically on the role of inventors’ knowledge expertise, we find that while both knowledge depth and breadth enhance the impact of technologies that span crisp boundaries, knowledge breadth is also found to escalate the associated uncertainty. Our emphasis on the contrast of technological domains contributes to the literature on recombinative innovation and boundary spanning.

• O'Riordan, Niall; Ryan, Paul & Andersson, Ulf (2023)
  The subsidiary strategising process for a competence-creating role

  Multinational Business Review, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-05-2023-0076

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard (2023)
  Organizing intelligent digital actors

  Designing Adaptive Organizations, , s. 120-142. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108762441.008

• Saiedi, Ed (2023)
  Are Constraints the Mother of Innovation? Innovation Effects of the Global Financial Crisis

  Proceedings and Membership Directory - Academy of Management,

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2023)
  Glasmagasinet i hjertet av Oslo og den norske glassindustri

  [Professional Article]. St. Hanshaugen historielag, (7) , s. 17-23.

• Wilberg, Erik (2023)
  Strategiboken - Alt du behøver å vite for ledere og styremedlemmer

  Hegnar Media as

• Wang, Pengfei (2023)
  Rebirth from the ashes: Failure events and new venture creation in Norway

  International Small Business Journal, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426231218710 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  How do failure events affect subsequent new venture creation? The existing literature seems to point in two opposing directions. While the information perspective suggests that failure events undermine collective beliefs about market viability, the competition view implies that failures may foster entrepreneurship via easing competition in both factor and product markets. To address this question, we adopt an inductive approach and analyse registry data in Norway. Based on the firm-level microdata, we construct an industry-region-level marketspace to analyse the number of firm failures and new ventures in different markets. Results show that failures of existing firms generally lead to more venture creation in the same market, albeit being contingent on industry features. And such effect is mainly ‘pulled’ by product market vacuum, rather than ‘pushed’ by factor abundance. However, we also observe that ventures that are created following failure events are less likely to survive.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard (2023)
  Designing the Intelligent Organization: Six Principles for Human-AI Collaboration

  California Management Review, 66(2) , s. 44-64. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256231211020 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This article presents principles and practical guidelines for how managers can succeed in growing the intelligence of their organizations by harnessing the complementary strengths of humans and artificial intelligence (AI). Organizational intelligence is the ability of collectives of intelligent human and digital actors to solve problems and adapt. Six principles for human-AI collaboration in organizations are explored—addition, relevance, substitution, diversity, collaboration, and explanation—and how they play out in leading organizations is discussed. Finally, practical guidelines are outlined for how leaders can enable their organizations to successfully make the change.

• Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik & Lunnan, Randi (2023)
  Strategi

  Fagbokforlaget

• Colman, Helene Loe; Rouzies, Audrey & Lunnan, Randi (2023)
  Social integration in subsidiary-building acquisitions

  Journal of International Business Studies, 54(9) , s. 1712-1722. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-023-00633-y - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We identify and conceptualize the phenomenon of subsidiary-building acquisitions. International acquisitions provide a powerful means for multinational corporations (MNCs) to grow their existing subsidiaries. The integration of subsidiary-building acquisitions involves a triad of actors: the MNC, the existing subsidiary, and the target. However, extant research emphasizes international acquisitions as a cross-border phenomenon, focusing in a limited way on the foreign acquirer–local target dyad, thus ignoring the complexities of subsidiary-building acquisitions. Through a qualitative study of a Norwegian target acquired by a French MNC with an existing Norwegian subsidiary, we find that subsidiary-building acquisitions involve tensions between autonomy and integration in two distinct and interrelated integration processes: local integration and cross-border integration. We uncover how pressures for autonomy in one process counter-intuitively trigger pressures for integration in the other. These dynamics fuel headquarters–subsidiary relationships and subsidiary cohesion, the two components of social integration in subsidiary-building acquisitions. By unearthing the underexplored phenomenon of subsidiary-building acquisitions, we provide novel insights into the complexities of international acquisitions. We bridge the merger and acquisition (M&A) and MNC literatures, thus paving the way for research on international acquisitions to move beyond the acquirer–target dyad to understand their implications for MNCs.

• Teyi, Shelter Selorm; Larsen, Marcus Møller & Namatovu, Rebecca (2023)
  Entrepreneurial identity and response strategies in the informal economy

  Journal of Business Research, 165 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114047 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  While entrepreneurs generally confront many challenges in running their businesses, those in the informal economy must do so in a state of constant environmental change outside the boundaries and support of formal institutions. We explore how the identity of such underdog entrepreneurs shapes their response strategies to situations of adversity that characterize the informal economy. Through an exploratory study of informal entrepreneurs in Ghana, we uncover four entrepreneurial identities (guardians, survival entrepreneurs, canvassers, and growth-oriented entrepreneurs) and discuss how these are closely related to three key response strategies (succumb, improvise, and push new boundaries). These findings show how resource scarcity and uncertainty shape underdog entrepreneurial behavior. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

• Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi & Benito, Gabriel R G (2023)
  Dealing with high-risk environments: Institutional-based tools to reduce political risk costs

  Journal of International Management, 29(4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2023.101033 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The international business (IB) literature on political risk mitigation has assigned explanatory preeminence to the organizational capabilities of multinational corporations (MNCs). The literature has assumed that political risk is avoidable for MNCs with specific political capabilities. We argue that political risk is inevitable. We posit that even if MNCs have political capabilities, host countries' political risk and its associated costs will not simply disappear. Extending the literature on political risk mitigation, we highlight the role of institutional-based tools in curbing political risk costs. Specifically, we posit that MNCs can reduce political risk costs through (i) international investment agreements, (ii) investment contracts with host governments, (iii) political risk insurance, and (iv) guarantees with binding enforcement mechanisms in unison with relying on political capabilities, thereby dampening the negative effect of uncontrollable host country political risk. We leverage the political-institutional approach to political risk and draw on relevant literature from law and IB to develop a framework to describe the conditions under which MNCs may use these institutional-based tools.

• Koval, Mariia; Iurkov, Viacheslav & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2023)
  The interplay of international alliance and subsidiary portfolios: Implications for firms’ innovation and financial performance

  Journal of World Business, 59(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101500

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  The benefits of having an internationally diverse alliance portfolio are well known. However, the challenges remain overlooked, especially the potential to curb firms’ international expansion beyond such alliances. Building on global connectivity literature, we study how firms’ international footprint through their foreign subsidiaries is affected by the geographical spread of their international alliances. Using data on a sample of U.S. high-tech firms, we find that this relationship follows a U-shaped pattern and is contingent on alliance portfolio geographic distance and firms’ absorptive capacity for internationalization. Deviations from the optimal international footprint lower firms’ innovation and financial performance.

• Håkansson, Håkan & Snehota, Ivan (2023)
  Economic effects of interaction. The neglected economy of connectivity

  The journal of business & industrial marketing, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-05-2023-0282

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  Purpose With a start in the observation that there is a large variation in how companies interact with each other, the paper aims to anlayse the economic consequences of this variation. As the more extensive interaction is costly, the variation also indicates a variation in the economic dimension. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper. Findings Three different economic streams can be identified. Firstly, the interaction costs can be reduced by taking advantage of time and scope. Interaction over time give opportunity to use some of the costs as investments through creation of relationships. By using the same counterpart for several products, scope can be used to reduce interaction costs. Secondly, developed business relationships can be used to create relation revenues. The counterparts can use each other for developing better solutions and for development of knowledge. Finally, the actors can also get positive network effects. One example is the joint development with third parties such as sub-suppliers or customer’s customer. Research limitations/implications The discussion ends in two major implications. One is the central role of managers and the other the crucial role of economic deals. Managers are crucial both to identify relevant cost and revenue items as well as to exploit them. Deals are important as it is only with direct counterparts where there are monetary streams. In all other relationships, there is only indirect consequences. Originality/value It is obvious that the type of cost and revenue streams identified above will require new and different economic tools. A base for this is given here.

• Gadde, Lars-Erik & Håkansson, Håkan (2023)
  Network dynamics and action space

  The journal of business & industrial marketing, 38(13) , s. 166-179. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2022-0454

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  Purpose In today’s business settings, most firms strive to closely integrate their resources and activities with those of their business partners. However, these linkages tend to create lock-in effects when changes are needed. In such situations, firms need to generate new space for action. The purpose of this paper is twofold: analysis of potential action spaces for restructuring; and examination of how action spaces can be exploited and the consequences accompanying this implementation. Design/methodology/approach Network dynamics originate from changes in the network interdependencies. This paper is focused on the role of the three dual connections – actors–activities, actors–resources and activities–resources, identified as network vectors. In the framing of the study, these network vectors are combined with managerial action expressed in terms of networking and network outcome. This framework is then used for the analysis of major restructuring of the car industries in the USA and Europe at the end of the 1900s. Findings This study shows that the restructuring of the car industry can be explained by modifications in the three network vectors. Managerial action through changes of the vector features generated new action space contributing to the transition of the automotive network. The key to successful exploitation of action space was interaction – with individual business partners, in triadic constellations, as well as on the network level. Originality/value This paper presents a new view of network dynamics by relying on the three network vectors. These concepts were developed in the early 1990s. This far, however, they have been used only to a limited extent.

• Lombardo, Sebastiano; Hindenes, Arve, Aslesen, Sigmund & Reff, Sigmund (2023)
  Sustainability as target value. A parametric approach.

  Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31), , s. 445-453. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24928/2023/0127

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  Our time is characterized by climate changes that impose sustainability in every industrial activity, an additional objective to our design and construction processes. The classic Lean Construction approach needs to be further developed to take sufficient care of the sustainability issue. The design of modern buildings is a work process that can be set up and run with tools that secure a more sustainable final product. This study proposes to extend the classic range of objectives pursued by the Lean construction approach, as to include sustainability in the design process, in a systematic and structured way. The case of a building project is analyzed. In the early design stages, advanced structural design tools are used to explore various alternative designs of the bearing structure. The structural design tools are combined with tools used to calculate embodied carbon in the construction. The levels of embodied carbon following each of the many possible, alternative, structural solutions are estimated. These insights are provided to the owner in a very early stage of the design process. Through these design practices owners and investors can add sustainability targets to the classical project targets (cost, quality, time), and include sustainability as a part of the fulfillment of the client’s functional needs.

• Aslesen, Sigmund; Hindenes, Arve, Reff, Sigmund, Stordal, Espen & Lombardo, Sebastiano (2023)
  Green is good: First Run Study of a sustainable building structure.

  Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31), , s. 521-530. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24928/2023/0228

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  The study made an account for in this paper is based on the hypothesis that introducing a climate-friendly building material to construction production may fundamentally impact project performance. In the paper, evidence is given for a prolonged, costlier process of erecting the building structure if an extremely low-carbon concrete combined with a 100 percent recycled aggregate is applied. Findings suggest various measures to be taken, to accelerate the hardening of the concrete. Otherwise, a positive environmental effect may easily diminish the overall project performance. The paper is based on a First Run Study (FRS) including a full-scale mock-up of a part of the building structure, including ground floor, wall, columns, and slab. As part of the study, data was collected about the temperature, firmness, and relative moisture of the concrete, and the effects of different actions applied to accelerate the hardening process. The impact of this study is an estimated risk reduction of 1,5 percent in the context of the project it was intended to support. The paper concludes that this type of experimentation should happen prior to actual performance to prevent construction projects from falling short of time and finances caused by unexpected results.

• Sabel, Christopher Albert & Sasson, Amir (2023)
  Different people, different pathways: Human capital redeployment in multi-business firms

  Strategic Management Journal, 44(13) , s. 3185-3216. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3533 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Multi-business firms redeploy human capital to strengthen individual business units. However, we know little about the antecedents of such redeployments and their effects on unit outcomes. Contributing to the resource redeployment and strategic human capital literatures, we test the relationships between parent–unit industry relatedness, the direction of redeployment (parent-to-unit and unit-to-parent), the type of human capital, the likelihood of redeployment, and post-redeployment unit closure. Using Norwegian population-level microdata of spinouts, we find that parent–unit industry relatedness increases the likelihood of human capital redeployment and that this effect is stronger for generalists than for specialists. Further, we find that parent-to-unit and unit-to-parent redeployment of generalists and specialists have distinct effects on unit closure, largely because of differences in post-redeployment unit performance.

• Snow, Charles C. & Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik (2023)
  Designing Adaptive Organizations

  Cambridge University Press

• Schou, Peter Kalum & Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi (2023)
  Digital communities of inquiry: How online communities support entrepreneurial opportunity development

  Journal of Small Business Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2023.2236177 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In recent years, scholars have argued that entrepreneurs develop opportunities through social engagement in communities of peers. These entrepreneurial communities of peers, so-called communities of inquiry, are moving from the physical to the virtual realm as digital technologies proliferate society and entrepreneurial processes. However, little is known about how entrepreneurs partake in online communities and how this partaking may affect opportunity development. To improve knowledge on this matter, we analyzed 18,670 comments from four different entrepreneurship communities on Reddit. We find that online communities support entrepreneurial opportunity development by providing feedback, emotional support, and models that reduce uncertainty. By unpacking how online communities may support opportunity development, the paper contributes to the nascent stream on the social aspects of opportunity development and to the growing interest in digital entrepreneurship.

• Rygh, Asmund & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2023)
  Subsidiary Capital Structure in Multinational Enterprises: A New Internalization Theory Perspective

  MIR. Management International Review: journal of international business, 63, s. 979-1019. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-023-00517-1 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We study subsidiary capital structure as a mechanism of intra-MNE (multinational enterprise) governance from the perspective of “new internalization theory”. We build on the argument from transaction cost theory that equity and debt are not just financial instruments but also alternative governance structures, with equity useful for financing specific assets that do not serve well as collateral, especially when external uncertainty is high. Inside an MNE, debt represents a partial reintroduction of market mechanisms that can limit governance costs and strengthen subsidiary manager incentives. However, debt financing may be inappropriate if subsidiaries possess specific assets that are lost if debt contracts are enforced. Using subsidiary-level panel data from Norwegian MNEs, we argue that patents registered in the subsidiary represent MNE-specific non-location bound knowledge assets, while subsidiary R&D income represents location-bound and subsidiary-specific assets. We predict MNE-specific assets to be negatively related to external debt, and subsidiary-specific assets to be negatively related to all debt, under conditions of external uncertainty. We find only partial support for our hypotheses. Patents are negatively related to external debt when external uncertainty in the form of political risk is high. However, we do not find similar significant results for location-bound and subsidiary-specific assets, measured by subsidiary R&D income. For both measures, there is evidence that debt financing is viable in low-risk contexts. Further analysis indicates different effects for joint ventures as compared to wholly owned subsidiaries. We build on the partly unexpected results to propose an expanded internalization perspective on subsidiary capital structure

• Wiig, Heidi; Schou, Peter Kalum & Hansen, Birte Malene Tangeraas (2023)
  Scaling the great wall: how women entrepreneurs in China overcome cultural barriers through digital affordances

  Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 36, s. 294-311. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2023.2261393 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Women in patriarchal societies face cultural barriers hindering them in pursuing entrepreneurship. For example, women are hindered by gender roles, male dominated networks and expectations that they take of the family. Recently, scholars have argued that digital technologies may provide women with avenues to bypass these barriers. Yet, there is little knowledge about how female entrepreneurs engage with digital tools, and how this may help them bypass gendered, cultural barriers. Using 18 interviews with female entrepreneurs in Beijing and Shanghai, we identify four affordances (virtual networking, online learning, opportunity creation and scaling-up) that women use to overcome the cultural barriers to entrepreneurship. We find that through engaging these affordances, the women feel empowered and able to challenge traditional structures. Our paper contributes to recent work in digital and women entrepreneurship as we unpack how women actively create affordances, such as female friendly communities, and how they skilfully use new digital technologies to try to disrupt traditional industries.

• Wang, Pengfei; Hu, Jianhao & Liu, Jingjiang (2023)
  Out of the shadow? The effect of high-status employee departure on the performance of staying coworkers in financial brokerage firms

  Human Resource Management, 63(2) , s. 293-312. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22201

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  Because high-status employees make disproportional contributions to firms, prior literature suggests that their departure would undermine various organizational outcomes. Building on recent literature, however, we suspect that a high-status employee may have seized disproportional resources and credits from coworkers, thereby restricting them from performing, particularly when the work context is more independent and contested. As a result, the departure of a high-status employee may bring staying coworkers more resources and incentives to perform, causing their performance to improve. To test this possibility, we examine the effect of high-status analysts' departure on the individual performance of analysts who remain, using a sample of sell-side analysts in Chinese financial brokerage firms. Employing a before-and-after treatment research design, we find evidence that after the departure of a high-status analyst, the staying coworkers' individual performance is significantly improved. It is particularly so when they share greater industry overlap with the departing analyst. Our extensional analyses also investigate additional contingencies, which helps provide valuable hints about possible mechanisms.

• Nicolini, Davide; Korica, Maja & Bharatan, Ila (2023)
  How insights from the field of information behavior can enrich understanding of knowledge mobilization

  Journal of Health Organisation and Management, 37(2) , s. 194-212. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-03-2022-0092

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  Purpose The authors review the literature on information behavior, an autonomous body of work developed mainly in library studies and compare it with work on knowledge mobilization. The aim is to explore how information behavior can contribute to understanding knowledge mobilization in healthcare management. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a narrative review using an exploratory, nonkeyword “double-sided systematic snowball” method. This is especially useful in the situation when the two traditions targeted are broad and relies on distinct vocabulary. Findings The authors find that the two bodies of work have followed similar trajectories and arrived at similar conclusions, with a linear view supplemented first by a social approach and then by a sensitivity to practice. Lessons from the field of information behavior can be used to avoid duplication of effort, repeating the same errors and reinventing the wheel among knowledge translation scholars. This includes, for example, focusing on sources of information or ignoring the mundane activities in which managers and policymakers are involved. Originality/value The study is the first known attempt to build bridges between the field of information behavior and the study of knowledge mobilization. The study, moreover, foregrounds the need to address knowledge mobilization in context-sensitive and social rather than technical terms, focusing on the mundane work performed by a variety of human and nonhuman agents.

• Zeng, Rong (Ratchel); Grøgaard, Birgitte & Björkman, Ingmar (2023)
  Navigating MNE control and coordination: A critical review and directions for future research

  Journal of International Business Studies, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-023-00600-7 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Control and coordination efforts are at the heart of MNE functioning. Yet, our review reveals that the literature on MNE control and coordination lacks conceptual clarity, which may hamper the development of the field. In this critical review, we synthesize the literature over the past decade using a conceptual framework rooted in new internalization theory. Research remains fairly coarse regarding how various configurations and interactions of control and coordination mechanisms affect intended outcomes. We note a paucity of multilevel studies, direct investigations of microfoundations, and comparison studies between intra- and inter-MNE relationships. Insufficient attention has been paid to adaptation issues and the impact of external dynamics on the need for, and operationalization of, control and coordination mechanisms. These gaps are concerning, since external trends are changing the organizational landscape and MNE boundaries are becoming increasingly fuzzy. Going forward, a more nuanced conceptualization of outcomes is needed, one that specifies proximal outcomes which mediate the achievement of distant goals. We use our augmented conceptual framework to identify other key areas for future research. We also call for more research on how disruptive forces affect both the use and outcomes of organizational mechanisms aimed at achieving control and coordination.

• Tunisini, Annalisa; Harrison, Debbie & Bocconcelli, Roberta (2023)
  Handling resource deficiencies through resource interaction in business networks

  Industrial Marketing Management, 109, s. 154-163. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.12.016 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This paper conceptualizes how to handle resource deficiencies due to disruption and turbulence in supply chains from an Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) perspective. A conceptual framework explores how three resource deficiencies, resource scarcity, resource quality, and lack of availability, impacts upon, and is mitigated via, resource interaction. There is a need for reconfiguring resources to cope with both temporary and permanent disruptions in handling resource deficiencies in complex, turbulent contexts. The three deficiencies can occur within a business network both separately and in combination. The paper outlines a dynamic capabilities perspective on resource deficiencies in business networks by linking resource interaction and capabilities. The reality of resource deficiencies requires a sense of urgency; they are disruptive and most likely unplanned. This challenges mainstream IMP understanding about the dynamics of resource development.

• Evald, Majbritt R.; Hoholm, Thomas, Mainela, Tuija & Torvinen, Hannu (2023)
  Creating and maintaining momentum–relational work in public-private innovation partnerships

  Public Management Review, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2239826 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study addresses the scantly examined work done by individuals to develop reciprocal relationships and maintain momentum throughout public-private innovation partnerships. We combine insights from the public-private innovation partnership literature with the notion of relational work from economic-sociology to analyse cases of public procurement for innovation (PPI) and pre-commercial procurement (PCP). We identify patterns of relational work stimulating continued interaction across different phases of the PPI and PCP instruments. Contributing to the debate on creativity versus constraints in public-private innovation partnerships, we present relational work as reciprocal and intentional activities to influence the social-symbolic structures in which they are embedded.

• Stensaker, Inger G.; Colman, Helene Loe & Grøgaard, Birgitte (2023)
  The dynamics of union-management collaboration during postmerger integration

  Long Range Planning, 56(6) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2023.102326 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Collaboration between unions and management may facilitate postmerger integration, however collaboration can also be time-consuming and challenging. Using a qualitative case study, we examined union–management collaboration in the integration of two Norwegian firms. The integration was split into two processes, involving different business units. While both processes were designed according to similar principles of collaboration, we observed the emergence of two diverging integration trajectories. Whereas the first process was characterized by a virtuous cycle of trust and constructive collaboration that facilitated integration, the second process turned into a vicious cycle of mistrust and conflict, causing disruption, and impeding integration. Based on our inductive analysis, we identify four distinctive features characterizing the emerging mode of collaboration. We develop a model to illustrate the dynamics of union-management collaboration in postmerger integration. These findings expand the current understanding of merger and acquisition (M&A) dynamics to include a broader set of actors and potential conflict factors in the integration process. Furthermore, our study suggests that collaborative integration processes require careful management while also potentially posing challenges for unions, particularly in the context of historical conflicts.

• Nicolini, Davide & Mengis, Jeanne (2023)
  Towards a Practice-Theoretical View of the Situated Nature of Attention

  Strategic Organization, 22(1) , s. 211-234. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/14761270231183731 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In this paper, we examine how a practice-theoretical perspective may complement and expand the central tenet of the attention-based view (ABV) that attention is contextually situated. We put forward three main arguments. First, the components that make a practice possible and that locate it in history and context (practice architecture) also prefigure a situated horizon of relevance and possibilities (pragmatic field of attention). Attention thus often befalls organizational members outside the realm of discursive consciousness as a consequence of being engaged in socio-material practices. Second, attention is situated at the crossroads of multiple practices, each with its practice architecture and local pragmatic field of attention. Organizational attention implies tensions, conflict, and contradictions and emerges from the interaction and negotiation of multiple individual and group pragmatic fields of attention. Finally, attention is situated in the temporal dynamics of sustaining and turning attention. This allows us to distinguish between inattention, dysfunctional distraction, and potentially productive attention turning. We argue that by focusing on the ordinary and routinized nature of attention, a theoretical practice view complements and enriches the ABV by offering a less voluntarist and top-down view and proposing a richer view of situatedness. A practice-theoretical approach also distributes attention among a broader set of elements, offering resources to theorize how these elements are connected. The approach also establishes a link between paying attention and caring, thus bringing emotions back into the study of organizational attention. In turn, the ABV helps the practice-theoretical perspective to recognize the central role of attention in organizational matters and the importance of engaging in full with the organizational unit of analysis when dealing with attention-related issues.

• Bucher, Eliane; Schou, Peter Kalum & Waldkirch, Matthias (2023)
  JUST ANOTHER VOICE IN THE CROWD? INVESTIGATING DIGITAL VOICE FORMATION IN THE GIG ECONOMY

  Academy of Management Discoveries, 10(3) , s. 488-511. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2022.0112 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Voice is crucial for workers as it enables them to better their organizations and exert some degree of control over managerial decision-making. Yet, as workers increasingly find jobs on digital platforms in the gig economy, traditional channels of voice are being replaced by digital voice channels, such as online communities. To add knowledge on how voice takes form on such channels, we collected conversation data from two online communities, which function as official (Upwork community) and unofficial (Reddit community) digital voice channels for gig workers active on Upwork. Based on a qualitative analysis of both communities, we discovered that when gig workers voice in digital channels, they tend to frame their voice¸ including signals of status and group membership. This voice framing creates different factions, which then engage in voice modulation, amplifying in-group members and muting outgroup members. Thereby, our study teases out how voice takes form in digital channels and how it differs from voice in traditional organizations. Our study contributes to the growing research at the intersection of voice and digital platforms.

• Asmussen, Christian Geisler; Fosfuri, Andrea, Larsen, Marcus Møller & Santangelo, Grazia D. (2023)
  Corporate social responsibility in the global value chain: A bargaining perspective

  Journal of International Business Studies, 54(7) , s. 1175-1192. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-023-00635-w - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Breaches of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in global value chains (GVCs) pose a managerial challenge for multinational enterprises (MNEs) and threaten both their reputations and global sustainability. While an MNE-centric perspective on these issues has dominated existing international business research, we show that a dynamic view of bargaining among actors in the GVC can yield novel insights. We draw on coalitional game theory and develop a model where an MNE collaborates, monitors, and negotiates prices with a supplier whose CSR breaches may be revealed by the MNE, external agents, or remain hidden. Our model illustrates how MNEs may face a hold-up problem when irresponsible actions by suppliers are made public, and the suppliers have the power to engage in opportunistic renegotiation. Interestingly, we show that greater monitoring by MNEs, if not combined with specific strategies, can have negative consequences by weakening the MNE’s bargaining position and, in some cases, even prompting more irresponsible actions by the suppliers. Our model advances international business research on GVC sustainability and has important implications for managers and researchers alike.

• Jahre, Marianne; Ditlev-Simonsen, Caroline Dale, Chao, Emmanuel, Czerwinska, Anna C & Mushi, Mary (2023)
  Sustainable New Business Development in the Global South - Supply Chains and Networks

  The international journal of Business and Management in Emerging Markets (IJOBMEM), 2(1) - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  To improve understanding of factors to take into account when developing and implementing new sustainable business opportunities in the Global South. The study uses a phenomenon-based approach. Building on three research streams – sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), the industrial network approach (INA) and sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) – this paper develops a conceptual framework and demonstrates its applicability using a relevant case study: Business Opportunities for the Opuntia cactus (prickly pear) in Tanzania. New business opportunities can be identified from three different perspectives: demand-pull, supply-push, and gaps in supply chains. The proposed framework suggests how to include all three perspectives and what factors to account for in development and implementation.

• Larsen, Marcus Møller; Birkinshaw, Julian, Zhou, Yue Maggie & Benito, Gabriel R G (2023)
  Complexity and multinationals

  Global Strategy Journal, 13(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1493 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Research Summary The multinational corporation (MNC) is a typical example of a complex organization. In this essay, we employ an established body of literature on complexity in organizations to explore and discuss the nature and consequences of complexity for global strategy and MNCs. On that basis, we develop a simple organizing framework for complexity in global strategies emphasizing the source (external and internal complexity) and type (process and structural complexity) of complexity. We use this framework to structure and discuss the six research contributions in this Special Issue. We conclude by suggesting additional avenues of research on the interface between global strategy and complexity. Managerial Summary Firms internationalize because they recognize business opportunities abroad and devise strategies to successfully exploit them. At the same time, managers face increasing complexity as MNCs expand internationally and engage in more unknown and dispersed operations. Not only do MNCs face considerable complexity by operating in diverse and uncertain environments, but also by managing and coordinating organizational tasks and activities spanning multiple countries. This essay discusses these challenges and corresponding strategies for MNC managers. It also provides an overview of the six research articles included in this Special Issue about complexity and MNCs.

• Lunnan, Randi; Meyer, Klaus, Mudambi, Ram & Yang, Qin (2023)
  The impact of knowledge and financial resource flows for MNE strategy: A typology of subsidiary roles

  International Business Review, 32(6) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2023.102190 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  What are the implications of finance and knowledge flows for MNE strategy? In this perspective paper, we discuss the antecedents and implications of HQ-subsidiary financial and knowledge flows. These flows differ, as the deployment of knowledge hinges on numerous contextual characteristics, whereas financial flows are relatively fungible. The complexity and diversity of knowledge resources make their transfer sensitive to several subsidiary-level characteristics such as R&D mandates, location, and inter-unit interdependencies. In contrast, financial resource flows are relatively easier to measure and directly compare across domains. Hence, they are likely to be allocated primarily on risk considerations, notably the equity control over the subsidiary. Both flows are needed for subsidiaries to succeed. Based on the interrelations of knowledge and financial resources flows into the subsidiaries, four types of subsidiary roles are categorized: strategic growth, interrelated, diversified, and independent. We discuss implications on subsidiary competitiveness and MNE risk and point to future research avenues addressing the dynamic and interrelated flows of both these resources.

• Larsen, Marcus Møller; Mkalama, Ben & Mol, Michael J. (2023)
  Outsourcing in Africa: How do the interactions between providers, multinationals, and the state lead to the evolution of the BPO industry?

  Journal of International Business Policy (JIBP), 6, s. 1-21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-023-00166-z - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We explore the evolution of Africa’s business process outsourcing (BPO) industry. In so doing, we seek to derive policy and managerial implications on how African suppliers can grow and become more attractive to foreign multinational corporations (MNCs). We discuss insights from the literature on (BPO) clusters and how these evolve. Our conceptual arguments are supported by a case study of the evolution of the Kenyan BPO cluster through three broad stages: embryonic, early, and developmental. We argue that this evolution has been hampered by factors including the small and sometimes informal nature of local suppliers, the reluctance of foreign multinationals to make long-term commitments, and the intermittent devotion by the Kenyan government to supporting BPO clusters. Accordingly, we suggest direct and indirect policy initiatives to grow the industry toward a more mature stage, increase knowledge spillovers and formalization levels, and improve working conditions.

• Veisdal, Jørgen (2023)
  A Definition of Platforms with Meaningful Policy Implications

  Competition Policy International, - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  While the term “platform” is ubiquitous in everyday language, its precise definition in the context of topics related to competition, policy and antitrust still remains ambiguous. This arguably for technical reasons which are trivial to grasp but seemingly difficult to communicate en masse. When political leaders take aim at regulating “platforms,” precisely which types of services are they talking about? Do Microsoft’s platforms warrant the same attention from regulators as Meta’s or Alphabet’s? Technically, what distinguishes one from the other and what are the implications of the differences for policy makers? This paper takes aim at clarifying what, technically, constitutes a “platform” that is interesting from the perspective of competition and policy.

• Gkeredakis, Emmanouil; Swan, Jacky, Nicolini, Davide & Tsoukas, Haridimos (2023)
  What is the right thing to do? The constitutive role of organizational ethical frameworks in collective ethical sensemaking

  Human Relations, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267231205165 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In the complex realm of ethical decision making, organizations are increasingly developing comprehensive ethical frameworks as guides. These frameworks prescribe ethical principles and decision-making processes to steer organizational actors toward addressing the elusive question of “what is the right thing to do?” in specific situations. However, the interplay between these prescriptive frameworks and collective processes of ethical sensemaking remains underexplored. Based on an extensive qualitative study within publicly funded healthcare organizations, we examine how organizational actors, confronted with the challenge of making exceptional funding decisions, enact an organizational ethical framework. Our findings reveal the manifold ways through which such a framework both streamlines ethical sensemaking and induces new and unexpected interpretive challenges. These challenges generate ethical equivocality, which decision makers seek to reduce through particular sensegiving interventions, and, on occasion, through problematizing the abstract principles prescribed by the framework, based on what is intuitively felt right in situ. We contribute to the literature by developing a conceptual model of three distinct modes in which organizational actors enact the prescriptions of an ethical framework. Our article sheds new light on the unintended consequences of using organizational ethical frameworks in real-world ethical deliberations.

• Dzikowska, Marlena; Gammelgaard, Jens & Andersson, Ulf (2023)
  Subsidiary capability and charter change: Making Birkinshaw and Hood's framework actionable

  Global Strategy Journal, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1476 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We provide a more granular and comprehensive approach to subsidiary evolution and enhance the understanding of the complexity of the subsidiary's evolution in the era of value chain fine-slicing. We extend Birkinshaw and Hood's model of general processes of subsidiary evolution into a model of functional evolutionary paths that represents nine configurations of charter and capability changes. We examine initiative, autonomy, and track record as determinants of 1455 functional evolutionary paths identified in 266 subsidiaries operating in the Polish and Swiss manufacturing sectors. Through a two-level multinomial logistic regression model, we learn that subsidiary initiative and track record are positively related to an increase in subsidiaries' charter and capability enhancement, respectively. Subsidiary autonomy though, is negatively related to charter increase and capability enhancement.

• Kværner, Kari Jorunn & Hoholm, Thomas (2023)
  Håndbok i helseinnovasjon. Forskningsbaserte råd og verktøy for å forme fremtidens helsetjeneste

  Cappelen Damm Akademisk

• Galasso, Alberto; Luo, Hong & Zhu, Brooklynn (2023)
  Laboratory safety and research productivity

  Research Policy, 52(8) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104827 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Are laboratory safety practices a tax on scientific productivity? We examine this question by exploiting the substantial increase in safety regulations at the University of California following the shocking death of a research assistant in 2008. Difference-in-differences analyses show that relative to “dry labs” that use theoretical and computational methods, the publication rates of “wet labs” that conduct experiments using chemical and biological substances did not change significantly after the shock. At the same time, we find that wet labs that used dangerous compounds more frequently before the shock reduced their reliance on flammable materials and unfamiliar hazardous compounds afterward, even though their overall research agenda does not appear to be affected. Our findings suggest that laboratory safety may shape the production of science, but they do not support the claim that safety practices impose a significant tax on research productivity.

• Zilja, Flladina; Benito, Gabriel R G, Boustanifar, Hamid & Zhang, Dan (2023)
  CEO wealth and cross-border acquisitions by SMEs

  International Business Review, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2023.102192 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study examines the role of chief executive officers’ (CEOs) wealth in explaining the cross-border acquisition (CBA) activity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). CBAs require substantial financial resources and expose the firm to additional risks. Within a micro-foundations framework, we integrate insights from the resource-based view and the upper echelons theory and argue that CEO wealth plays a dual role in the CBA activity of SMEs by alleviating financial constraints and increasing willingness to take risks. Using Norwegian census data for the period 2000–2013, we find consistent evidence that CEO wealth has a positive effect on the number, the geographic scope, and the likelihood of engaging in CBAs in high political risk countries.

• Vaksvik, Tone; Støme, Linn Nathalie, Føllesdal, Jorunn, Tvedte, Kjersti Aabel, Melum, Linn, Wilhelmsen, Christian R. & Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn (2023)
  Early practice of use of video consultations in rehabilitation of hand injuries in children and adults: Content, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness

  Journal of Hand Therapy, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2023.05.010

• Hamdali, Yanis; Skade, Lorenzo, Jarzabkowski, Paula, Nicolini, Davide, Reinecke, Juliane, Vaara, Eero & Zietsma, Charlene (2023)
  Practicing Impact and Impacting Practice? Creating Impact Through Practice-Based Scholarship

  Journal of Management Inquiry, 33(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/10564926231219621 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This curated debate provides a discussion on impact and its relation to practice-based scholarship, i.e., scholarship grounded in the social theories of practice. Five experienced senior scholars reflect on conceptualizations of impact, how it can be created and disseminated, and on the role of practice-based scholarship in this process. The authors discuss the role of researchers as members of the academic system, their activities related to generating, developing, and challenging new theory, and their reflexive relation to the research context when explaining their research to stakeholders to create knowledge and thus, for impacting practice. To suggest ways of practicing impact, their contributions also conceptualize impactful theory and reflect on the relationship between the production and usage of knowledge. These insights are an important contribution to the debate on scholarly impact and provide critical guidance for impactful scholarly work beyond conventional concepts.

• Karimova, Guli-Sanam; Heidbrink, Ludger, Brinkmann, Johannes & LeMay, Stephen Arthur (2023)
  Global standards and the philosophy of consumption: Toward a consumer-driven governance of global value chains

  Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility (BEER), Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12648 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study delves into the significant ethical criteria in the context of global standards. It addresses the moral wrongdoings and adverse side effects associated with global value chains as discussed in the business ethics literature. The methodology involves theoretical application and synthesis. The study employs ethical principles from deontology, consequentialism, and political cosmopolitanism to establish normative criteria such as “injustice and harm to others” and “bad outcomes.” It further investigates how these criteria should influence consumers' decisions, actions, and responsibilities. These criteria are then used to examine the moral wrongdoings and negative effects mentioned in global standards. The study explores how global standards implicitly express consumers' roles in governing global value chains. It scrutinizes consumers' actions and decisions by applying ethical frameworks to global standards. The study outlines consumers' individual and political responsibilities in achieving the goals of global standards. The research findings have implications for governments, consumers, and organizations in practicing shared responsibility. The aim of this research is to provide normative guidance for responsible actions.

• Smith, Sheryl Winston; Herrera, Cristobal Garcia, thiel, jana, Perkmann, Markus & Giones, Ferran (2023)
  Corporate, Industrial And Wicked Acceleration: Tackling Grand Challenges Through Novel Approaches

  Proceedings and Membership Directory - Academy of Management, 2023(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMPROC.2023.18912symposium

• Baraldi, Enrico; Harrison, Debbie, Kask, Johan & Ratajczak-Mrozek, Milena (2023)
  A network perspective on resource interaction: Past, present and future

  Journal of Business Research, 172 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114253

• Wang, Pengfei (2022)
  Looking into the past: Audience heterogeneity and the inconsistency of market signals

  Strategic Organization, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/14761270221139760 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Prior literature has emphasized that inconsistency of market signals leads to evaluation penalty. However, limited attention has been paid to the heterogeneity of audiences who deal with inconsistency. I argue that audiences differ in the extent to which they process different market signals, which may largely shape the effect of signal inconsistency. When audiences fail to process all signals, they may not perceive signal inconsistency, thereby weakening its effect on product evaluation. It is hence important to investigate audience heterogeneity in theorizing signal inconsistency. In this study, I focus on the distinction between two important audience groups: professional critics and end consumers. Specifically, I argue that signal inconsistency exerts a stronger effect on critics’ evaluations than on consumers’ evaluations, because critics are more likely than consumers to process various market signals. I argue further that critics can act as an important intermediary to bridge the effect of signal inconsistency on consumers, even though consumers may not process all signals themselves. I test these ideas in a sample of video games released between 2001 and 2016 and find general support.

• Colman, Helene Loe & Lunnan, Randi (2022)
  Pulling Together While Falling Apart: A Relational View on Integration in Serial Acquirers

  Journal of Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221121788 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  n this paper, we bring to the fore the role of relationships in serial acquirers. Through an in-depth, qualitative, longitudinal study, we explore how engaging in sequential and overlapping processes of postacquisition integration impairs the integration capabilities of serial acquirers. We identify how the relational dynamics that follow each individual integration initiative impede the ability of acquiring firms to operate business as usual, as well as to integrate new targets. Our study offers deep insight into the complexities of serial acquisitions, by conceptualizing the nature and composition of integration capabilities, and the role of relationships in organizations undergoing frequent changes. Based on our findings, we assert that relationships deserve more attention in serial acquisitions; they serve as mechanisms that provide the social fabric of coordination and capability development.

• Wilberg, Erik (2022)
  Mediepreferanser 2011 til 2022

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Denne rapporten tar for seg medieutviklingen i et langsiktig perspektiv. Vi har ganske gode målinger for hvordan mediepreferansene har endret seg over det siste tiåret, og det er vel ingen overraskelse i det faktum at den digitale utviklingen har vært aldeles enorm. På mange områder er medieområdet fullt ut digitalisert, og det er det som skal belyses gjennom en rekke tabeller i denne rapporten. Rapporten bygger på tre ulike datasett: • Undersøkelse av mediepreferanser i 2011 og 2022 gjennomført med et representativt utvalg på ca 1000 respondenter. Tall fra februar 2011 sammenliknet med juni 2022. • Undersøkelse av mediepreferanser med flere dybdespørsmål fra 2020, 2021 og 2022 som blant annet tar for seg spørsmål i forbindelse med pandemien. Også her er grunnlaget ca 1000 respondenter. • En undersøkelse fra juni 2022 som tar for seg mediepreferanser, tillit til medier og forhold rundt pandemien, personlig økonomi og uroen i verden. De to siste undersøkelsene er gjennomført via websystemet til YouGov Norway. Undersøkelsen fra 2011 ble gjennomført som telefonintervju fra Respons Analyse. En inspeksjon av materialet viser god samstemmighet mellom de to instituttenes målinger. Undersøkelsen fra 2022 er finansiert gjennom et tilskudd fra Fritt Ord og fra Stiftelsen Tinius.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2022)
  Temporality and the first foreign direct investment

  Journal of World Business, 57(5) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101363 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study examines the timing of the first foreign direct investment (FDI). It explores how the conceptualization and, hence, the understanding of time affects our insights into major internationalization decisions in organizations; specifically, that of navigating into the unknown waters associated with making a first FDI. We introduce a multitemporal approach by drawing on the different temporalities prevalent in history and in business and management to build a platform for analysis that provides a suitable combination of richness and contrast. By examining the process toward making a major internationalization decision in terms of clock, event, stages, and cyclical concepts of time, we gain valuable but also varied insights about a complex process. We conclude that to understand any organization's process of international strategy formation at a certain point (or period) in time, its particularities need to be appreciated in some detail. While the details in this study are unique to the case of Harvard Business School's decision in 1971 to make its first FDI, we argue that the main features of the process are common to conceptualizing the internationalization decision process. As such, the findings should apply more generally.

• Nair, Sujith; Gaim, Medhanie & Dimov, Dimo (2022)
  Toward the emergence of entrepreneurial opportunities: Organizing early-phase new venture creation support systems

  Academy of Management Review, 47(1) , s. 162-183. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2019.0040

• Wilberg, Erik (2022)
  FROM THE SILENT GENERATION TO GEN Z

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Glass, Jacqueline; Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Hall, Daniel (2022)
  Transforming construction: the multi-scale challenges of changing and innovating in construction.

  Construction Management and Economics,

• Benito, Gabriel R G & Fehlner, Corina (2022)
  Multinational enterprises and the circular economy

  The New Frontiers of International Business, , s. 309-327. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06003-8_15

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  In this chapter, we explore the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the circular economy (CE). MNEs play a key role in reshaping business systems as they orchestrate a significant part of value activities in various locations across the globe. We argue that MNEs’ adoption of CE opportunities differs due to corporate and contextual influences. In particular, we suggest that MNEs’ corporate strategies regarding value activity integration, product diversification, and location choices influence how they approach CE. Industry and location factors also play roles in facilitating or impeding CE advancement. Regarding the international business ramifications of CE, we discuss the impact of MNEs’ geographical scope in terms of a local, multi-local/regional, or global focus and show how formal and informal institutional contexts influence the design and implementation of CE. Our analysis demonstrates that established conceptualizations in the international business field of MNEs and the business systems in which they operate are useful for understanding CE, but further international business research is needed about how MNEs can help implement the transition towards CE.

• Swärd, Anna ; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2022)
  Unpacking the Duality of Control and Trust in Inter-Organizational Relationships through Action-Reaction Cycles

  Journal of Management Studies, , s. 1-34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12864 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  To ensure cooperation, parties in inter-organizational relationships (IORs) draw upon both control and trust. Yet, how control–trust dynamics change as IORs evolve remains unclear. This study illuminates the interplay between control–trust dynamics and IOR dynamics by unpacking how control and trust refer to and create one another through action–reaction cycles. We find that conflicting enactments of vulnerability and risk caused by critical incidents lead to tensions between the parties (IOR dynamics) regarding how and when they rely on control and trust. Consequently, coping practices are applied to redefine the controlling and trusting domain and mediate between the multiple and temporal domains to ensure that control and trust refer to and create one another to (re)form positive expectations. The study's main implication is that it makes little sense to study control-trust dynamics in IORs, like other relational phenomena, in isolation and at a single point in time.

• Olsen, Per Ingvar & Abrahamsen, Morten H. (2022)
  The Oslo case: Agile and adaptive responses to Covid-19 challenges by actors in local and globally extended health technology clusters

  Clusters of Innovation in the Age of Disruption, , s. 152-181.

• Grøgaard, Birgitte; Sartor, Michael A. & Rademaker, Linda (2022)
  What merits greater scholarly attention in international business?

  Journal of International Business Studies, 53, s. 1508-1518. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-022-00539-1 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Scholarly efforts to propose future directions for international business (IB) research have generated a timely and extensive inventory of potentially interesting areas of research. We supplement this line of inquiry by suggesting that an additional layer of scrutiny could be beneficial when advocating in favor of giving more attention to particular research realms. Specifically, we advance several guiding principles that will help IB scholars assess which research areas merit greater scholarly attention, based on their potential importance and impact. We distinguish between (1) research in new or underdeveloped research domains, where salience, urgency, and actionability are critical elements, and (2) new research in relatively well-established domains, where scholars may contribute to changing the theoretical conversations taking place in IB.

• Lavie, Dovev; Lunnan, Randi & Truong, Binh Minh Thi (2022)
  How Does a Partner’s Acquisition Affect the Value of the Firm’s Alliance with That Partner?

  Strategic Management Journal, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3389 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  How does an acquisition initiated by a firm's alliance partner affect the value that the firm can create and capture from its alliance with that partner? We conjecture that the similarity between the businesses of the firm and its partner's acquisition target restricts the firm's ability to create and capture value from its alliance, whereas the complementarity between their businesses enhances the firm's gain from its alliance. We further expect relational embeddedness between the firm and its partner to mitigate the competitive tension associated with similarity while reinforcing synergies ascribed to complementarity. Our analysis of 361 firms and their 590 alliances with 91 partners that acquired 164 targets during 2000–2016 supports our predictions about business similarity and complementarity but refutes those concerning relational embeddedness.

• Reunamäki, Riku & Fey, Carl F. (2022)
  Remote agile: Problems, solutions, and pitfalls to avoid

  Business Horizons, 66(4) , s. 505-516. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2022.10.003

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  In response to the increasing uncertainty and rapid change around them, firms are looking to implement new management methods to become more flexible and less hierarchical. One of the most popular of these methods is agile, which aims for reactiveness, collaboration, decentralized decision-making, and increased autonomy. However, agile was designed to work best with teams where members are co-located, whereas during the COVID-19 pandemic and likely in the post-COVID world, many employees are working remotely from home at least part of the time. We explore how to adapt agile to remote work, drawing from an in-depth case study of OP Financial Group, the largest bank in Finland. We highlight five problems and solutions to implementing agile in a remote setting and discuss the situations and types of teams in which the different aspects of remote agile are likely to work and not work. Our findings provide guidance for companies looking to become agile in “the new normal.”

• Sgourev, Stoyan V. & Aadland, Erik (2022)
  “Burning the bridges”: escalation in the pursuit of authenticity

  Theory and society, 52(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-022-09477-1 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We develop a process-based framework, articulating the escalation of difference between “private” self and “public” display as an alternative trajectory in the pursuit of authenticity to alignment and compromise. A parsimonious model presents an endogenous dynamic of binary choice that generates momentum toward polarization. The model is illustrated in the context of “black” metal – a branch of heavy metal music that appeared in Norway in the early 1990s, notorious for its involvement in criminal activities. Using fanzine data, we construct a narrative of how a process of escalation led to innovation and transgression through self-selection and exclusion. The analysis addresses two related theoretical problems – what motivates actors to challenge normative scripts and “burn the bridges” to social acceptance, and why such challenges may prove more effective in achieving recognition than compromise. Examples from politics, culture and sports reinforce the importance of these problems.

• Lu, Ren; Zhao, Xiangying, Peng, Xiangcai, Liu, Yinglin, Reve, Torger & Lv, Daguo (2022)
  Changes in unrelated variety and climbing the poverty ladder: a U-shaped relationship

  European Planning Studies, 31(7) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2022.2136485 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The purpose of this paper is to study how changes in unrelated variety influence individuals’ poverty alleviation. Drawing on the LiTS III database, we employed the Oprobit model to test 5007 individual-level observations from 23 regions in four former Yugoslavian countries. All results imply that the changes in unrelated variety have a U-shaped relationship with individuals’ poverty alleviation. Our findings enrich the unrelated variety research by providing micro-level evidence and offer practical insights for governments, organizations and individuals aiming to reduce poverty.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard & Sannes, Ragnvald (2022)
  Problemløsing med kunstig intelligens: Bruk av Spacemaker i tidligfase eiendomsutvikling

  Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, 38(1) , s. 47-64. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/pof.38.1.4 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Intelligent teknologi brukes i stadig større grad til å støtte problemløsing i organisasjoner. I denne studien utforsker vi hva som skjer med komplekse problemløsingsprosesser når kunstig intelligens introduseres og hvordan samhandlingen menneske-maskin kan organiseres. Vi følger bruken av programvaren Spacemaker i tidligfase eiendomsutvikling i to store nordiske virksomheter; OBOS og Nordr. Programvaren brukes til å støtte, akselerere og forbedre design- og analysearbeidet. Konkret fører dette til flere og raskere iterasjoner, åpnere og mer involverende prosesser og grundigere vurderinger på et tidligere stadium. Dette øker den kollektive intelligensen i team av mennesker og maskiner utover det hver av partene kan klare på egen hånd. Vi diskuterer hvilke implikasjoner funnene våre har for innføring av teknologi, hvordan AI kan brukes til å åpne lukkede ekspertdrevne problemløsingsprosesser samt begrensingene slike systemer har og menneskers rolle i hybrid menneske-maskinsamhandling. I tillegg drøfter vi hva dette kan bety for norsk BAE-næring.

• Lu, Ren; Zong, Zhe, Reve, Torger & Song, Qing (2022)
  The mediating role of cash slack in the related variety and sales growth relationship: Evidence from Norway

  Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 76(1) , s. 29-41. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2022.2032821 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The purpose of the paper is to uncover how related industrial variety influences firms’ sales growth through firms’ cash slack. The authors applied a causal steps approach and causal mediation analysis to a very large number of observations covering more than three-quarters of Norway’s municipalities. They found that cash slack had a mediation effect in the negative relationship between related variety and sales growth, and that the regression results were robust. They conclude that the results of the study expand both related variety studies by providing a theoretical microlevel foundation, and firm growth theory by showing that cash slack is a concrete mechanism connecting external industrial environment and firm growth.

• Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi (2022)
  Why “Think Globally, Act Locally” is a Dangerous Strategy for Emerging Markets

  [Professional Article]. California Management Review, - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Since the early 1990s, global business interest in developing countries has skyrocketed as many formerly closed economies began opening up to firms from Western economies. During this period of growth, a key mantra was introduced—that executives should “think globally and act locally.” This mantra persists to this day in business schools and has even found its way into several academic articles and textbooks. In 2000, Coca-Cola even made it their main strategy. At its core, the mantra posits that to succeed abroad, firms must adapt their products, services, and practices to the host country’s (local) way of doing business.

• Schou, Peter Kalum & Bucher, Eliane (2022)
  Divided we fall: The breakdown of gig worker solidarity in online communities

  New technology, work and employment, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12260 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The ‘gig economy’ presents a contested new work arrangement where freelancers find work on digital platforms. Subsequently, previous research has investigated how gig workers develop solidarity and take collective action against the exploitative practices of the platforms. However, this research is limited by mostly focusing on solidarity in contexts of local gig worker communities. We investigate whether freelancers who work on a global platform, Upwork, which hires people for diverse and complex jobs, can build up solidarity in a global online community. Applying a mixed-methods research design, we analysed how gig workers responded to a policy change by Upwork that affected their working conditions negatively. In doing so, we outline how solidarity breaks down in an online community of gig workers, due to them realising different interests and identities. We contribute to recent discussions on solidarity in the gig economy, and online communities as tools for organising.

• Nitzsch, Jannis Von; Bird, Miriam & Saiedi, Ed (2022)
  Does Owners’ Experience Matter? The Influence of Matching and Governance Experience on Firm Growth

  Proceedings and Membership Directory - Academy of Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2022.11984abstract

• Aleksin, Grigory & Kalbakk-Bøhler, Simen Christian (2022)
  Environmental entrepreneurship and inclusive growth: a three-fold approach to analysis

  International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development (IJTLID), 14(1-2) , s. 153-191. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTLID.2022.121479 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This article assesses the contribution of entrepreneurs to inclusive growth, and explores both the determinants and impact of environmental entrepreneurs on pollution emissions. Firstly, we use a dynamic linear panel model to quantify the impact of various types of entrepreneurship on inclusive growth proxied by real household expenditure growth. Though there is no significant direct effect on inclusive growth, entrepreneurship appears to be more important in developing countries. Secondly, using a random effects model, we consider entrepreneurs' role in pollution-reduction efforts. We find that entrepreneurs have contributed positively to carbon dioxide emissions. This effect, however, decreases with the level of development, suggesting that improving institutional quality is the key to promoting environmental entrepreneurship capable of making a difference to climate change. Finally, we use a hierarchical probit model to identify the key determinants of environmental entrepreneurship for individual entrepreneurs. Surprisingly, we find that high environmental pressure is associated with a lower probability of becoming an environmental entrepreneur.

• Loh, Johannes & Kretschmer, Tobias (2022)
  Online communities on competing platforms: Evidence from game wikis

  Strategic Management Journal, 44(2) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3442 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Many platforms rely on volunteer contributions for value creation. Thus, unpaid contributors are valuable to the platform, but control over their activities is limited. We study whether and how volunteer communities can provide a competitive advantage and ask how contributor behavior depends on a platform's competitive position. We propose two channels: First, a stronger competitive position facilitates contributor coordination, leading to a larger active community. Second, a platform's competitive position is related to contributor motivation, which drives how much individuals contribute. Studying two competing game wiki platforms, we find that a platform's stronger competitive position is associated with higher activity, primarily driven by the number of contributors, which in turn triggers increased contributions by existing contributors. Further, high-productivity contributors are especially active on a stronger platform.

• Elia, Stefano; Larsen, Marcus Møller & Piscitello, Lucia (2022)
  Choosing misaligned governance modes when offshoring business functions: A prospect theory perspective

  Global Strategy Journal, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1445 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Transaction cost economics (TCE) holds that multinational corporations (MNCs) should select governance modes based on associated transactional hazards. However, MNCs often adopt theoretically misaligned governance modes. Applying a prospect theory (PT) perspective, we use the context of business-process offshoring to explore why firms choose misaligned governance modes. We argue that theoretically misaligned governance modes are regarded as riskier than aligned governance modes, and we suggest that prior experiences of failure in an international context—especially in business functions that are relevant for the internationalization of a firm—prompt decision-makers to choose theoretically misaligned governance modes. We enhance discussions on governance-mode decisions with important behavioral perspectives on how such decisions materialize.

• Colman, Helene Loe; Grøgaard, Birgitte & Stensaker, Inger G. (2022)
  Organizational identity work in MNE subsidiaries: Managing dual embeddedness

  Journal of International Business Studies, 53, s. 1997-2022. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-022-00563-1 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This paper adopts an organizational identity work perspective to examine how MNE subsidiaries manage dual embeddedness to strategically position themselves in both their local context and in the global MNE. Prior research suggests that although dual embeddedness provides benefits, it also brings challenges, as subsidiaries must effectively balance external pressures and expectations with internal ones. Through a qualitative case study of organizational identity work in the subsidiaries of a Norwegian MNE we reveal the process through which subsidiary members manage dual embeddedness in their day-to-day work. We develop a model that conceptualizes organizational identity work in MNE subsidiaries as an ongoing process, one that enables the subsidiary to position itself as a legitimate actor across contexts, while reproducing the perceived tensions of dual embeddedness. This combination thus continually fuels organizational identity work. Our findings have both theoretical and managerial implications. We provide important theoretical insight into how MNE subsidiaries achieve flexibility to position themselves as globally and locally embedded. For managers, this implies that trying to remove the tensions of dual embeddedness—for instance, by privileging the global above the local—may hinder flexibility.

• Rygh, Asmund; Torgersen, Kristine & Benito, Gabriel R G (2022)
  Institutions and inward foreign direct investment in the primary sectors

  Review of International Business and Strategy, (33) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-10-2021-0143 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Purpose Well-functioning institutions are repeatedly claimed to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) by reducing the costs and uncertainty of economic activity. Nonetheless, it has been argued that institutions may matter less for FDI in the primary sector. This study aims to theoretically and empirically investigate the role of institutions for attracting FDI in agricultural and in extractive activities. Design/methodology/approach This study uses worldwide country and sector-level data on inward FDI for the period 1996–2007. The key independent variables, property rights protection, corruption and democracy, are measured using World Bank Governance Indicators and Polity IV as data sources. Fixed effect panel regression, Tobit regression and generalized method of moments are used for data analysis. Findings The authors corroborate the importance of institutions for aggregate FDI. Disaggregating by primary subsector, the authors find that agricultural FDI, like aggregate FDI, is attracted by institutional features such as rule of law and property rights protection and democracy, whereas extractive FDI is not. The authors also find some evidence that corruption deters FDI in both primary subsectors. Originality/value The authors take a first step toward linking the largely empirical institutions-FDI literature more closely with the economics-based theoretical discussions of FDI risk grounded on a property rights approach, to discuss issues such as effective control rights over investments, which may vary between sectors. The authors also explore a novel idea that extractive activities may be less sensitive to institutions because the time horizon is limited by the depletion of the resource, resulting in an inherently relatively short-term commitment to a host-country location.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Sand-Holm, Sanne, Pakoglu, Ceyda & Svalestuen, Fredrik (2022)
  Challenges of Performance Measurement in Lean Construction and the Last Planner System®: A Norwegian Case

  Lean Construction Journal, 2022, s. 24-40. - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Question: How and why is performance measured in relation to Lean Construction (LC) and the Last Planner System® (LPS®)? What are key challenges thereof, and how might these be overcome? Purpose: The purpose of this research is to add better understanding of performance measurement in relation to LC and the LPS by addressing key challenges and provide suggestions of how to overcome these. Research Method: The paper draws upon a qualitative case study of a construction company in Norway and its use of performance measurement in relation to the LPS. Findings: The findings demonstrate that performance is measured in various ways and to various extents in the case company. They also demonstrate that a more strategic and systematic approach to performance measurement is needed to cope with the challenges of measuring performance and to reap the benefits of LC and the LPS. This includes sensitivity to social conditions related to performance measurement. Limitations: The paper is based on a single case study in the Norwegian setting, and future studies should seek to build on and refine the findings presented here. Implications: If performance measurement, both in relation to the LPS and more generally to LC is not sensitive to social issues, it might lead to avoidance and neglect at best, and opportunism and abuse at worst. Value for practitioners: The paper addresses key issues and challenges involved in performance measurement in relation to LC and the LPS, and how practitioners might reap the benefits and avoid pitfalls associated with performance measurement. Keywords: Performance measurement, Lean Construction, Last Planner System®, challenges, conditions Paper type: Full paper

• Haarman, Amanda; Larsen, Marcus Møller & Namatovu, Rebecca (2022)
  Understanding the Firm in the Informal Economy: A Research Agenda

  European Journal of Development Research, 34(6) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-022-00508-2 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Informal firms prevail and preoccupy a dominant share of the economic activity in many developing countries. Yet, few attempts have been made to systematically integrate dominant theories of the firm with the empirical importance of informal enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to review established theories of the informal economy and the firm, and to explore potential for cross-fertilization to better understand the nature of the firm in the informal economy. We seek to convey two basic points: First, as informal economy firms vary in form, structure, and strategies, a systematic inquiry of their heterogeneous and idiosyncratic nature is warranted. Second, significant opportunities for future development research reside at the interface between existing theoretical explanations of the informal economy (dualistic, structuralist legal, and voluntarist theories) and dominant theories of the firm (contractual and competence theories). We discuss in detail three main themes for future development research seeking to understand informal economy firms: (i) Contract mechanisms and enforcement; (ii) Learning strategies; and (iii) Resource and capability development.

• Larsen, Marcus Møller & Witte, Caroline (2022)
  Informal Legacy and Exporting Among Sub-Saharan African Firms

  Organization science, 34(3) , s. 987-1003. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1623 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Around the world and especially in areas of widespread poverty, firms start their operations without registering with relevant authorities (i.e., in the informal economy). We explore whether firms that initiated their operations in the informal economy but later register have a higher propensity to export than firms that register at the time of their foundation. We reason that the experience of having operated informally provides formally registered firms with the advantage of low-cost and flexible exploration but also a domestic legitimacy liability. We suggest that these factors likely contribute to making foreign export markets more attractive after registration. Based on a comprehensive sample of Sub-Saharan African firms, we find that conditional on registration, firms with an informal legacy have a higher propensity to initiate exporting than firms that started their operations formally. We contribute with theoretical and policy-oriented insights on the dynamics of informality and exporting.

• Harrison, Debbie; Munksgaard, Kristin B. & Prenkert, Frans (2022)
  Coordinating Activity Interdependencies in the Contemporary Economy: The Principle of Distributed Control

  British Journal of Management, 34(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12650 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study addresses the lack of knowledge about inter-organizational activity coordination in the contemporary economy. Existing understanding of economic coordination within inter-organizational research is based on the three modes of organization, market, and cooperative relationship. We extend the framework of Richardson that analyses specialization and complementarity within the industrial division of labour in terms of these three coordination modes. We propose a novel mode of coordinating economic activity, namely multi-actor arrangements, which is based on the coordination of very dissimilar yet complementary activities, grounded in the principle of distributed control. This fourth mode is necessary to explain contemporary phenomena such as the circular economy and blockchain because these involve interdependencies that were previously framed as too different or unrelated to coordinate. The extension is important because it changes our understanding of mixed-mode coordination. Our proposed fourth mode enables the conceptualization of how activity interdependencies are coordinated within inter-organizational relationships and networks undergoing transformation.

• Zilja, Flladina; Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi & Christopher, Sabel (2022)
  Do Environmental Policies Affect MNEs’ Foreign Subsidiary Investments? An Empirical Investigation

  MIR. Management International Review: journal of international business, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-021-00458-7

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  We build on institutional theory to examine the impact of countries’ environmental policies on MNEs’ foreign subsidiary investments. We extend prior IB research that finds both positive and negative associations between environmental policies and MNE investments by showing that the relationship between environmental policy and MNE subsidiary investments is mediated by the effectiveness with which host countries enforce these policies. Specifically, we posit that environmental policies are effective when countries align them with tangible institutional outcomes such as actual reductions in emissions or increases in renewable energy production. This reduces uncertainty by providing a reliable and efficient framework for economic transactions. We test our arguments on a sample of 882 public US firms and their subsidiaries in 102 countries from 2000 to 2015, in conjunction with the Kyoto Protocol. We find that ratifying the Kyoto Protocol is associated with reductions in countries’ emission levels and increased reliance on renewables. Further, increased reliance on renewables positively mediates the relationship between the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol and MNEs foreign subsidiary investments. For host countries, this relationship is stronger when there are greater improvements in institutions’ quality. For MNEs, this relation is weaker for those MNEs associated with higher pollution. We find no such relationships for greenhouse gas emissions. Our findings contribute to the growing IB literature on environmental sustainability by highlight- ing the importance of effective institutions and their interaction with country- and firm-level heterogeneities.

• Sgourev, Stoyan V.; Aadland, Erik & Formilan, Giovanni (2022)
  Relations in Aesthetic Space: How Color Enables Market Positioning

  Administrative Science Quarterly, 68(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/00018392221137289 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Color is omnipresent, but organizational research features no systematic theory or established method for analyzing it. We develop a relational approach to color, conceptualizing it as a means of positioning relative to a reference group or style and validating it through a computational method for processing digital images. The research context is Norwegian black metal—a genre of extreme metal music that achieved notoriety in the early 1990s through band members’ criminal activity. Our analysis of 5,125 album covers between 1989 and 2019 confirms the alignment of aesthetic and music features and articulates the role of color in the construction of a relational identity based on forces of association and disassociation. Black metal bands associated with past color choices of non-black metal bands up to a point, after which they started to disassociate from them. The positioning is dynamic, pursuing adaptation to external events. Black metal bands reacted to their stigmatization in Norwegian society by increasing colorfulness and later returning to a darker aesthetic in defiance of the genre’s commercialization. Our analysis attests to color’s ability to organize producers’ exchange of information and attention, illustrating the interweaving of aesthetic features and relational processes in markets.

• Sjøtun, Svein Gunnar; Fløysand, Arnt, Wiig, Heidi & Hopp, Joaquin Zenteno (2022)
  Multi-level agency and transformative capacity for environmental risk reduction in the Norwegian salmon farming industry

  Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 4 Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2022.1062058 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This article analyzes the role of agency in reducing environmental risk in the Norwegian salmon farming industry. The theoretical starting point is recent literature on change agency which focuses on the different ways in which actors purposely act to renew existing and create new regional industry growth paths, and reproductive agency which focuses on how actors, explicitly and implicitly, maintain existing structures to uphold status quo. Departing from a current risk society ambiguity in the industry and an explorative multi-scalar study of industrial innovation processes, we analysis how change agency combined with reproductive agency play out. The analysis shows that change agency affecting transformative agency capacity reducing environmental risk is connected to institutional entrepreneurship in terms of a Development Licenses Program on the national level and to Schumpeterian innovative entrepreneurship in terms of Development Licenses Projects on firm level. Moreover, the study shows how reproductive agency also affects the capacity to cope with environmental risks in terms of risk reducing place-based leadership illustrated by cooperation and bottom-up, self-organized area cooperation on the regional level, and in terms of risk creation illustrated by a global growth logic across geographical levels. On this ground, it is argued that the theoretical contribution of the study is that the transformative capacity to reduce environmental risks of an industry rests on multi-scalar change- and reproductive agency and how these are combined.

• Ryan, Paul; Buciuni, Giulio, Giblin, Majella & Andersson, Ulf (2022)
  Global Value Chain Governance in the MNE: A Dynamic Hierarchy Perspective

  California Management Review, 64(2) , s. 97-118. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211068544 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The pandemic crisis caused a severe shock to global value chains and led to supply shortages for complex medical goods such as respiratory ventilators. What followed were calls to reshore production for security, and the loss of efficiencies from foreign global value chain (GVC) operations for the multinational enterprise. This article merges internalization and GVC theory to demonstrate a dynamic hierarchy managerial response to these crisis conditions. An optimally configured GVC under hierarchy governance can resiliently eliminate global supply line ruptures yet maintain the benefits of global efficiency.

• Grecu, Alina; Sofka, Wolfgang, Larsen, Marcus Møller & Pedersen, Torben (2022)
  Unintended signals: Why companies with a history of offshoring have to pay wage penalties for new hires

  Journal of International Business Studies, 53(3) , s. 534-549. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00486-3 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We explore how companies with a history of offshoring attract their future employees. We reason that offshoring decisions send unintended signals about job insecurity to companies’ onshore labor markets. This signaling effect implies that offshoring companies must pay higher salaries for new hires than non-offshoring companies. We tested our predictions on a sample of 7971 matched managers and professionals recently hired by offshoring and non-offshoring companies. Our results indicate a 3–7% wage penalty for offshoring companies. Thus, we conclude that not only is offshoring challenging to implement, but it can also entail a number of general ramifications for the domestic labor market.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Dubois, Anna & Jahre, Marianne (2022)
  The importance of resource interaction in strategies for managing supply chain disruptions

  Journal of Business Research, 154 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113333 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The turbulent business environment highlights the need for strategies for mitigating, responding to, and recovering from (that is, managing) supply chain disruptions. Resources are central in these strategies but remain unspecified in the literature. This paper shows how the resource interaction approach (RIA) can help understanding resources in this setting by acknowledging their interactive and networked nature. Based on a conceptual discussion that compares key assumptions within the supply chain risk management (SCRM) and supply chain risk resilience (SCRes) literatures with the RIA, we propose an alternative approach to strategies for managing supply chain disruptions. We challenge the SCRM and SCRes literatures by emphasizing interdependence (as opposed to independence) and pointing to relationships as key resources in strategies for managing supply chain disruptions. Collaboration relying on an interplay between temporary and permanent organizing is suggested as a starting point instead of being just one of several alternative strategies.

• Bakken, Tore & Brinkmann, Johannes (2022)
  Krise, risiko og uvisshet. Sosiologiske refleksjoner

  Cappelen Damm Akademisk

• Tvedt, Jostein (2022)
  Floating offshore wind and the real options to relocate

  Energy Economics, 116(December 2022) , s. 1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106392 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Real options to relocate may improve the profitability of the floating offshore wind industry. Location and market switching can contribute to mitigating parts of the cost disadvantage of floating versus fixed-bottom offshore wind. The article derives optimal relocation strategies and real options values under uncertainty. Risk factors that may increase the value of relocation options include electricity prices, capacity factors, political uncertainty, collateral valuation, environmental issues and technological progress.

• Tvedt, Jostein (2022)
  Optimal Entry and Exit Decisions Under Uncertainty and the Impact of Mean Reversion

  SN Operations Research Forum, 3(54) , s. 1-21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43069-022-00161-9 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This paper derives an entrepreneur’s optimal switching between an idle and an active state under stochastic mean reverting output prices. The paper suggests a new categorisation of the effects of mean reversion. Mean reversion affects valuation and optimal entry and exit thresholds via the variance of output prices and expected future cashflows. High variance increases the value of optionality and enhances hysteresis effects. Changes to the expected cashflow path affect the attractiveness of the active relative to the idle state. In addition, changes to the moments affect the implicit risk discounting rate and thereby valuation and the optimal switching strategy.

• Jones, Marius & Schou, Peter Kalum (2022)
  Structuring the Start-up: How Coordination Emerges in Start-ups through Learning Sequencing

  Academy of Management Journal, 66(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2021.0149 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  To succeed in growing and scaling their organization, start-ups must establish roles, routines, rules, and plans that coordinate organizational activities. However, early-stage start-ups often lack such coordination mechanisms. Through a longitudinal qualitative multiple-case study of five start-ups, we develop an emergent theoretical framework for how start-ups develop and improve coordination over time. We find that start-ups establish coordination through a learning sequence consisting of four distinct learning styles. To develop coordination successfully, start-ups anticipate coordination problems before they escalate, steal ideas and frameworks from others, experimentally implement coordination, and combine and simplify coordination mechanisms. By providing a processual understanding of how start-ups develop coordination, we contribute to the literature on coordination in start-ups, which has tended towards static explanations. We also add to the literatures on emergent coordination and organizational learning, as we highlight the role of deliberate learning in developing coordination, and how different learning styles link together to create learning sequences.

• Gillmore, Edward; Andersson, Ulf & Dellestrand, Henrik (2022)
  Between a rock and a hard place: The consequences of complex headquarters configurations for subsidiary R&D activities

  Global Strategy Journal, 13(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1431 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Challenges related to the complexity of overlapping multiple partner headquarters configurations, the resulting power and political tensions between headquarters, and the consequent effects of multiple interventions in subsidiary value-creating activities remain an understudied phenomenon. We present a rich case study of how complex overlapping headquarters configurations develop. Then, we present the processes underlying power and political tensions that lead to parenting disadvantages between partner headquarters. We find that multiple and simultaneous headquarters interventions place the subsidiary between a rock and a hard place, as it becomes subject to conflicting headquarters voices. We contribute to the literature on parenting in multinational enterprises through an increased understanding of overlapping headquarters configurations and the power and political tensions between headquarters configurations that stimulate interventions in subsidiary R&D mandates.

• Kwok, Chuck C. Y.; Grosse, Robert, Fey, Carl & Lyles, Marjorie A. (2022)
  The 2020 AIB curriculum survey: The state of internationalization students, faculty, and programs

  Journal of International Business Studies, 53, s. 1856-1879. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-022-00547-1

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  Twenty years after the prior survey, the seventh international business curriculum survey was conducted in 2020 under the sponsorship of the Academy of International Business (AIB) and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). This paper reports the survey’s findings and makes relevant comparisons with the results of the two previous curriculum surveys. This study is not only an update but also explores new directions of international business (IB) integration into the business schools’ programs. Although the percentage of matrix structures and separate IB departments is higher in the 2020 survey than earlier, the majority of IB faculty are still scattered across functional departments without IB recognition. Essentially, with few exceptions, we found that European schools are consistently more international than their counterparts elsewhere. Business school deans also consider experiential learning very effective in equipping students with IB knowledge and are generally quite satisfied with the overall progress of their internationalization efforts. The survey findings contribute to understanding how IB is integrated into business schools and offer insights for identifying future opportunities.

• Benito, Gabriel R.G.; Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro, Mudambi, Ram, Pedersen, Torben & Tallman, Steve (2022)
  The future of global strategy

  Global Strategy Journal, 12(3) , s. 421-450. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1464 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Global strategy, that is, the analysis of strategy in an international context, has co-evolved with the dramatic changes in the global economy in the 21st century. Research advances have enabled a more sophisticated understanding of how firms develop strategies in an increasingly turbulent global environment in which societal expectations, technological advances, and political decisions are all in a state of continuous change. In this article, we reflect and provide suggestions for how the field may evolve on five key themes of global strategy: cooperation, coordination, governance, politics, and innovation. We also outline suggestions for future research on global issues that are gaining increasing centrality in business decisions: climate change, artificial intelligence, and geopolitics.

• Lindemann, Beate Hildegard & Brinkmann, Johannes (2022)
  Per Mausklick in Berlin - Digitale Zugänglichkeit im Spagat zwischen Potential und DaF-Lehrer-Alltag

  Befähigung zu grenzenloser Kommunikation: Ansätze - Methoden - Verfahren, , s. 153-170.

• Leiblein, Michael J.; Reuer, Jeffrey J., Larsen, Marcus Møller & Pedersen, Torben (2022)
  When are global decisions strategic?

  Global Strategy Journal, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1451 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  A robust academic field must set and revisit boundary conditions that define where, when, and to whom its insights apply. This is particularly true for a field such as global strategy where the ubiquity of the key terms invites indiscriminate use of the phrase. This essay argues that it is useful to define the field of global strategy as the subset of questions that meet the criteria for both “global” and “strategic” decisions. We offer an a priori approach to identifying and formulating problems that are unique to the global strategy field, suggest how our approach may help scholars better understand the “strategicness” of global decisions, and ultimately, offer a way for individuals with varied disciplinary or topical interests to connect with the field's core.

• Nicolini, Davide; Pyrko, Ivor, Omidvar, Omid & Spanelli, Agnessa (2022)
  Understanding Communities of Practice: Taking Stock and Moving Forward

  The Academy of Management Annals, 16(2) , s. 680-718. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2020.0330 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This paper provides a comprehensive, integrative conceptual review of work on communities of practice (CoPs), defined broadly as groups of people bound together by a common activity, shared expertise, a passion for a joint enterprise, and a desire to learn or improve their practice. We identify three divergent views on the intended purposes and expected effects of CoPs: as mechanisms for fostering learning and knowledge-sharing, as sources of innovation, and as mechanisms to defend interests and perpetuate control over expertise domains. We use these different lenses to make sense of the ways CoPs are conceptualized and to review scholarly work on this topic. We argue that current debate on the future of work and new methodological developments are challenging the received wisdom on CoPs and offer research opportunities and new conceptual combinations. We argue also that the interaction between the lenses and between CoP theory and adjacent literatures might result in new theory and conceptualizations.

• Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik & Wathne, Kenneth Henning (2022)
  Business models and B2B governance Research

  Handbook of business to business marketing, , s. 174-183.

• Rognli, Eline B.; Støme, Linn Nathalie, Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn, Wilhelmsen, Christian & Arnevik, Espen Kristian Ajo (2022)
  The effect of employment support integrated in substance use treatment: A health economic cost-effectiveness simulation of three different interventions

  Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (NAD), Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/14550725221122196 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Background: Unemployment rates for individuals in treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) are high, with Norwegian estimates in the range of 81%–89%. Although Individual Placement and Support (IPS) represents a promising method to improved vocational outcome, cross-disciplinary investigations are needed to document implementation benefits and address reimbursements needs. The aim of this study was to model the potential socioeconomic value of employment support integrated in SUD treatment. Methods: Based on scientific publications, an ongoing randomised controlled trial (RCT) on employment support integrated in SUD treatment, and publicly available economy data, we made qualified assumptions about costs and socioeconomic gain for the different interventions targeting employment for patients with SUD: (1) treatment as usual (TAU); (2) TAU and a self-help guide and a workshop; and (3) TAU and IPS. For each intervention, we simulated three different outcome scenarios based on 100 patients. Results: Assuming a 40% employment rate and full-time employment (100%) for 10 years following IPS, we found a 10-year socioeconomic effect of €18,732,146. The corresponding effect for the more conservative TAU + IPS simulation assuming 40% part-time positions (25%) for five years, was €2,519,906. Compared to the two alternative interventions, IPS was cost-effective and more beneficial after six months to two years. Discussion: This concept evaluation study suggests that integrating employment support in the health services is socioeconomically beneficial. Our finding is relevant for decision makers within politics and health. Once employment rates from our ongoing RCT is available, real-life data will be applied to adjust model assumptions and socioeconomic value assumptions.

• Smith, Sheryl Winston; Giones, Ferran, Shankar, Raj Krishnan, Perkmann, Markus, Herrera, Cristobal Garcia, thiel, jana, basu, sandip & vandeweghe, laurens (2022)
  Corporate, Consortia & Moonshot Acceleration: Novel Approaches to Speed Up Entrepreneurial Innovation

  Proceedings and Membership Directory - Academy of Management,

• Kratochvil, Renate; Gruenauer, Johanna, Friesl, Martin & Güttel, Wolfgang (2022)
  Deliberate simple rule creation and use: Activities and challenges

  Long Range Planning, 56(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102264 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Using ‘simple rules’ may enable managers to take organizational decisions more rapidly. While prior research presents advantages of simple rule use during strategy formation, we lack insights into how firms can deliberately create simple rules and mitigate the challenges therein. This is particularly interesting for established firms struggling to leverage their wealth of experience. We explore how managers of a multinational corporation deliberately create and use simple rules to implement the firm’s growth strategy. Drawing on interviews and secondary data, we reveal the activities through which managers ensure the relevance and legitimacy of codified simple rules, yet also establish causality between simple rules and outcomes. Simple rule creation is accomplished via bottom-up identification and lateral validation, its use via consistent top-down guiding and timely adaptation. Our findings contribute to the growing body of research on the evolution of simple rules and aspects of strategy implementation more generally.

• Måren, Inger Elisabeth; Wiig, Heidi, McNeal, Kathryn, Wang, Sally, Zu, Sebrina, Cao, Ren, Fürst, Kathinka & Marsh, Robin (2022)
  Diversified Farming Systems: Impacts and Adaptive Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, Norway and China

  Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6 Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.887707 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The COVID-19 pandemic fully exposed the vulnerability of the global agri-food system to shocks and stresses, highlighting the need for transformation and action to make it more resilient and inclusive. This paper offers a unique insight into the global nature of the COVID-19 pandemic by examining impacts and responses in the agri-food sector within three very distinct contexts, namely the United States, Norway, and China. Focusing on small, diversified farms, the study builds on prior research with the same farmers and support organizations from an on-going collaboration. Firstly, we conducted a short review of policy adaptations to understand how governments, the private sector, non-profit organizations, and communities “stepped up” to provide emergency relief, specialized training, and recovery support for farmers, support that was instrumental in preventing more devastating impacts in all three countries. Secondly, drawing from in-depth interviews with farmers (23) and government and non-governmental support organizations (19), we mapped the vulnerability and resiliency of selected farmers to shocks that severely disrupted traditional supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected on both the negative and positive impacts of the pandemic to farmer inputs, including labor, operations, and markets, how these changed from the initial lockdowns in early 2020 and through 2021, and on farmer adaptive responses to these impacts. In some contexts, innovation and adaptive responses counteracted negative impacts. We saw diversifying markets, catering to consumer safety concerns, switching to direct and e-markets, hiring in more labor or relying on family labor, and switching to high demand crops and products as the most prominent adaptive responses. Farmers who lacked access to information and government programs, in large part because of language, technology and institutional barriers, missed out on pandemic related opportunities and suffered the most. As we enter the post-pandemic new normal it is important to take stock of lessons learned, and to continue to support those initiatives and innovations that were pivotal not only for weathering the storm, but for building a more inclusive and resilient agri-food system in the long-run.

• Prenkert, Frans; Hedvall, Klas, Hasche, Nina, Frick, Jens Eklinder, Abrahamsen, Morten H., Aramo-Immonen, Heli, Baraldi, Enrico, Bocconcelli, Roberta, Harrison, Debbie, Huang, Lei, Huemer, Lars, Kask, Johan, Landquist, Maria, Pagano, Alessandro, Perna, Andrea, Poblete, León, Ratajczak-Mrozek, Milena & Wagrell, Sofia (2022)
  Resource interaction: Key concepts, relations and representations

  Industrial Marketing Management, 105, s. 48-59. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.05.008 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Value co-creation is a core focus area in both B2B marketing and strategy research, necessitating resource utilization within and across organizational boundaries. In the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) group, scholars have focused on the interactions among resources as one important way to analyze central questions about resources in business relationships and networks. This has produced a breadth of investigations and concepts that are locally defined and utilized. This may hamper further theoretical development and inhibit analytical precision. The purpose of this paper is to develop a more general shared understanding of resource interaction by identifying and explicating the key concepts used, and to assess its status as an approach. The paper synthesizes 20 years of research to identify key concepts and the relationships across concepts. This provides both a platform for further conceptual and empirical research within IMP and potential for cross-fertilization with parallel B2B areas.

• Ubisch, Sverre Søyland & Wang, Pengfei (2022)
  Typical Products for Outside Audiences: The Role of Typicality When Products Traverse Countries

  Strategic Organization, 21(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/14761270221143984 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  While organization theorists have established the importance of typicality, most studiesexamine situations where producers and audiences dwell within the same category system(e.g., a country, industry, or market). However, much less attention is paid to the role oftypicality when products are introduced from one system to another. Since defining what istypical is commonly system-specific, typical products in one category system may beperceived as being atypical in others. It is therefore important to understand how typicalityshapes market exchanges when products traverse category systems. To shed light on this, weintroduce two key concepts—home typicality and host typicality—and examine specificallyhow they affect the performance of products distributed across countries. By analyzing a largesample of films, we find that films are more successful in international markets, when they aremore typical of their home countries and/or more atypical of their host countries.

• Mørk, Bjørn Erik (2021)
  Risiko for digital slitasje, Dagens Medisin, 18. May https://www.dagensmedisin.no/artikler/2021/05/18/risiko-for-digital-slitasje/

  [Professional Article]. Dagens medisin,

• Nair, Sujith (2021)
  Exploring docility: A behavioral approach to interventions in business incubation

  Research Policy, 50(7) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104274

• Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi; Sabel, Christopher Albert & Zilja, Flladina (2021)
  Changes in political affinity and firms’ subsidiary investments

  Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Firmo, Hugo & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2021)
  Nye forretningsmodeller for sirkulær økonomi i bygg-, anleggs- og eiendomsnæringen (BAE). En litteraturstudie.

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

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  Denne rapporten handler om sirkulær økonomi og nye forretningsmodeller i BAE-næringen. Vi har gjennomført en innledende (scoping) litteraturstudie av internasjonal vitenskapelig litteratur på området med utgangspunkt i følgende forskningsspørsmål: What is the current state of the art of business model innovation within the circular economy?” Resultatene fra denne gjennomgangen presenteres her i rapporten. Studien har hatt som formål å identifisere interessante aspekter og problemstillinger knyttet til sirkulære forretningsmodeller, og å vise relevansen av disse for det videre arbeidet (både praktisk og forskningsmessig) og diskusjonen som foregår knyttet til å skape en mer sirkulær BAE-næring.

• Wilberg, Erik (2021)
  Young Media Usage 2021 - A brief look into media use among students during the pandemic.

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Swärd, Anna , Djupvik-Flaa, Petrine, Stenberg, Synne & Virgenes, Ulrik (2021)
  Gjentakende samarbeid i utbyggingsprosjekter: Skaper det verdi og i så fall hvilke verdier og hvordan?

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi (2021)
  Host Government Intervention and FDI Inflow: An Empirical Investigation

  The Multiple Dimensions of Institutional Complexity in International Business Research, , s. 193-218. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-886220210000015012

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  This study examines the effect of host government interference with foreign investors’ assets on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow. The author hypothesizes that the relationship between host government interference and FDI inflow takes the form of an inverted U shape. The author tests this hypothesis using data from the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes between 1996 and 2017. The results support the above hypothesis. While host government interference with the assets of a few foreign investors may not deter FDI inflow, frequent interferences, which result in an increasing number of host state–foreign investor disputes, reduces FDI inflow in a host country. The analysis also shows that when faced with an increasing host country uncertainty, investors adopt a wait and see strategy. However, how long investors wait depends on the economic situation of the host country. For high-income countries, investors wait until approximately 10 disputes before reducing investments level in a host country, while for low-income countries, this waiting period is a mere two disputes. The findings of this study suggest that countries seeking to attract more FDI should not interfere with the activities of foreign investors, however, if they do, disputes should be settled at home, not in international arbitration courts, because doing so frequently may poison the host environment and deter other foreign investors from investing in the host country.

• Wilberg, Erik (2021)
  Fra Boomers til Generasjon Z - Om medieutvikling, tillit og Covid-19

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Mørk, Bjørn Erik (2021)
  Tilbakemeldinger gir psykologisk trygghet. Dagens Medisin, 11. October. https://www.dagensmedisin.no/artikler/2021/10/11/tilbakemeldinger-gir-psykologisk-trygghet/?fbclid=IwAR3fozTjGFCVrQenbq0K4UryMZ1NOuc2yNesH5NcnFgA2yAfVk1nDVH6U00

  [Professional Article]. Dagens medisin,

• Mørk, Bjørn Erik (2021)
  Å marsjere til ulike rytmer, Dagens Medisin, 3. March. https://www.dagensmedisin.no/artikler/2021/03/07/a-marsjere-etter-ulike-rytmer/

  [Professional Article]. Dagens medisin,

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Svendsen, Julie Holtet & Bjønnes, Sarah Lillia (2021)
  En god start: Produktivt samarbeid i tidligfase av byggeprosjekter

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Wilberg, Erik (2021)
  Student life in Covid-19 times - a longitudinal study

  [Report Research]. BI Handelshøyskolen

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  This study is on how business school students at BI Norwegian Business School – campus Bergen have lived and studied through the pandemic of 2020 and 2021. We have surveyed the students twice – the first time in May 2020, when we were about two months into the pandemic – and then again in January 2021 – when the pandemic had been running in our daily lives for ten months. The survey was conducted online to all students at the campus. We analyse the same cohort of students, i.e., year 1 and 2 in 2020, and therefore are year 2 and 3 in 2021. Consequently, we can see if there have been any developments in the same cohort of students' parameters. The sample size for 2020 was 369 and for 2021 259. A chi-square test of the samples shows no significant differences in sample composition between males and females. For the two surveys, there are 40% males and 60% females. The response rate for both studies is around 22% of all students enrolled at the campus. The study is only Bachelor students.

• Wang, Pengfei (2021)
  Gain initial endorsement from the core: market entry, initial partners, and embeddedness in the venture capital market

  Industrial and Corporate Change, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtab027 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study draws attention to the embedding process of market entrants, by examining the initial and subsequent partnerships of de alio entrants versus de novo entrants. Although de alio entrants have access to superior resources from their parents, they may encounter more resistance from the market as they project impure identity, introduce different logics, and pose greater competitive threats. Analyzing a sample of new entrants in the venture capital market, we find that while de alio entrants are less likely to establish initial partnerships with mainstream incumbents (i.e. receiving an overall initial resistance from the market), they are more likely than de novo entrants to establish ties with high-status incumbents (i.e. gaining more initial endorsement from the core). Results also show that initial network positions allow de alio entrants to sustain gaining prestigious endorsement in the later period, and at the same time to offset the overall resistance from mainstream incumbents. Our findings contribute to the literature on market entry and corporate demography.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2021)
  Opening the black box of international strategy formation: How Harvard Business School became a multinational enterprise

  Academy of Management Learning & Education, 21(2) , s. 167-187. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2020.0028 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This article addresses the question of why some business schools internationalize by establishing units abroad. We study their internationalization by examining the process that led to Harvard Business School’s first international strategy and its first foreign direct investment. The study elaborates how internationalization theories are applicable to research on the internationalization of business schools by exploring the role of environment and agency. The analysis shows that in an academic organization characterized as a loosely coupled system, individuals may influence the collective cognition in a strategy process by using new theoretical insights to conceptualize experiences and legitimize decisions. This demonstrates that agency is a multifaceted concept and its function depends on who has agency and how it is used. By exploring how a new academic discipline, international business, contributed both to the conceptualization and the legitimization of a new strategy, the study provides new insight into the process that leads to the formation of an international strategy.

• Huemer, Lars & Wang, Xiaobei (2021)
  Resource bundles and value creation: An analytical framework

  Journal of Business Research, 134, s. 720-728. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.06.018 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  All organizations intend to create some form of value. Yet, the most influential analytical frameworks focusing on resources emphasize competitive advantage, which is a concern for only some organizations. This study proposes a novel analytical framework focusing on value creation. Moreover, the framework returns to the emphasis on the bundled nature of resources stressed in earlier strategy theory. The concepts of resource interfaces, resource imprints and cogency effects, are combined to (i) highlight the bundled and interdependent nature of resources (ii) reinterpret the classical emphasis on rareness and inimitability and (iii) redefine the meaning of a strategic resource. With help of a longitudinal case study, the scope of value creation is broadened by reconsidering the meaning of the ‘best resource’ and the ‘weakest link’; focusing on being ‘better with…’ rather than being ‘better than….’.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Flygansvær, Bente Merete, Harrison, Debbie & Soldal, Olav (2021)
  Hvordan få til sirkulær massehåndtering for bygg- og anleggsprosjekter i Oslo-området? Resultater fra forprosjektet: «WAVA: from Waste to Value»

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Steen, Riana & Rønningsbakk, Bernt (2021)
  Emergent Learning During Crisis: A case study of the Arctic Circle border crossing at Storskog in Norway

  Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy (RHCPP), 12(2) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12211 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This explorative study addresses emergent learning related to the refugee crisis in Norway in 2015. We define emergent learning as organizational learning that occurs as a benign by‐product of solving immediate problems as they arise. The study is based mainly on secondary data; media coverage, public evaluation report, and other public documentation. The results from empirical research confirm that emergent learning has had a profound influence on how the Storskog crisis in 2015 was managed. Our findings also reveal suboptimal problem solving, insufficient management capacity, and public organizations who were not prepared to respond fast enough.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Davila, Carlos (2021)
  Making Managers in Latin America: The Emergence of Executive Education in Central America, Peru, and Colombia

  Enterprise & Society, 24(1) , s. 90-122. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2021.25 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Executive education programs offered by business schools became a global phenomenon for developing top managers in the 1960s. These programs were established in more than 40 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America, in less than two decades. This article explores the phenomenon in three different Latin America contexts: Central America, Peru, and Colombia. In all these cases, initiatives led to successful executive programs, which contributed to the growth of business schools that gradually achieved high international reputation. By studying the way that various US actors interacted differently with local actors in the three cases, the article contributes to three discussions within business history: the history of Americanization, management education, and the alternative business history of emerging markets.

• Namatovu, Rebecca & Larsen, Marcus Møller (2021)
  Responding to COVID-19: Insights from African firms

  Africa Journal of Management (AJOM), 7(1) , s. 104-120. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/23322373.2021.1878809 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic is underscored by its systemic distortion of socioeconomic and political agendas around the world. It has disproportionately affected fragile states, and has exposed economies with inefficient safety nets. In this article, we contend that while the uncertainty occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic has been devastating for many African firms, the situation has also given rise to new entrepreneurial opportunities. We draw on three cases from Africa (one multinational corporation, one start-up, and one informal firm) to outline how the COVID-19 pandemic can also be regarded as a source of entrepreneurship in uncertain times. We conclude by discussing implications for African management practice and research.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Swärd, Anna & Vaagaasar, Anne Live (2021)
  A Routine Dynamics Lens on the Stability-Change Dilemma in Project-Based Organizations

  Project Management Journal, 52(3) , s. 278-286. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972820986660 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  A central issue in project-based organizations (PBOs) is how to balance the need for flexibly responding to changing customer demands and creating consistent performance in the organization at large. This article discusses the relevance of a routine dynamics lens for understanding this dilemma. We show how routine dynamics might help to understand how and under what conditions routines—with their dual capacity for stability and change—produce a variety of performances, some stable and some varying, in the PBO. As such, we contribute to the stream of research that seeks to explain how PBOs build capabilities and how they work.

• Kratochvil, Renate & Schmeisser, Bjoern (2021)
  Book Review: How Will You Measure Your Life?, by Clayton M. Christensen, James Allworth, and Karen Dillon

  Academy of Management Learning & Education, 20(1) , s. 112-115. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2020.0148 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Flygansvær, Bente Merete, Harrison, Debbie & Soldal, Olav B. (2021)
  Hvordan få til sirkulær massehåndtering for bygg- og anleggsprosjekter i Oslo-området?

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

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  Dette forprosjektet har hatt som formål å identifisere interessante aspekter og problemstillinger knyttet til spørsmålet: Hvordan kan man få til sirkulær massehåndtering til og fra bygg- og anleggsprosjekter i Oslo-området? For å svare på spørsmålet, har vi ved Handelshøyskolen BI gjennomført en casestudie av et konsept for massehåndtering på Grønlia i Oslo havn i regi Skanska Industrial Solutions (SIS) i samarbeid med Oslo Havn KF og AF Decom. Konseptet er fortsatt ikke realisert, og ligger til politisk klagebehandling etter avslag i plan- og bygningsetaten i Oslo kommune, men caset representerer et interessant eksempel på hva som skal til for å utvikle og implementere sirkulære løsninger for massehåndtering. I tillegg til Grønlia-konseptet, er det flere andre pågående initiativer som er satt i gang i løpet av de siste årene med tanke på å håndtere utfordringen med masser i Oslo-området. Dette vitner om at problemstillingen har blitt satt på agendaen, både på politisk- og næringsnivå samt blant ulike interessegrupper. Grønlia-caset må dermed sees på som en del av et større økosystem for massehåndtering i Oslo og omegn.

• Bass, Erin & Grøgaard, Birgitte (2021)
  The long-term energy transition: Drivers, outcomes, and the role of the multinational enterprise

  Journal of International Business Studies, 52(5) , s. 807-823. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00432-3 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The pre-eminence of the production and consumption of nonrenewable fossil fuels is waning with the growth of renewable energy solutions. This long-term energy (LTE) transition is one of the global grand challenges, characterized by uncertain and evolving markets. Although this is a global issue, there are regional differences and non-linear trajectories that suggest that the LTE transition is a complex challenge for firms and countries. For international business scholars, questions related to the role and effect of multinational enterprises in the context of the LTE transition have opened new avenues for advancing theoretical, managerial, and policy understanding. Thus, we advance this body of research by presenting a framework that delineates important drivers and outcomes of the transition. In this way, we emphasize how MNEs both influence and are being influenced by the LTE transition. We identify theoretical perspectives that may be useful to address LTE transition challenges, and suggest avenues for future research on this global grand challenge.

• Flygansvær, Bente Merete; Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Harrison, Debbie (2021)
  Hvordan få kraft i bærekraft?

  Magma forskning og viten, nr 5(5) , s. 104-110. - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Bærekraft er et ord som favner bredt. Faglitteraturen kaller det den tredelte bunnlinjen, der bærekraft skal gi positive gevinster på samfunns-, bedrifts- og individnivå. For bedrifter innebærer det at man skal realisere gevinster for bedriften selv, men også for miljøet og samfunnet. Denne kompleksiteten gjør det krevende å konkretisere og gjennomføre nye løsninger, og resultatet blir at bærekraft er noe det er lett å snakke om, men vanskelig å gjøre. I denne artikkelen tar vi utgangspunkt i et samarbeid mellom tre aktører om en ny løsning for bærekraftig massehåndtering[1] til og fra bygg- og anleggsprosjekter (BA) i Oslo. Gjennom å mobilisere sine respektive ressurser har aktørene utviklet en løsning som involverer gjenvinning av slike masser og mindre CO2-utslipp knyttet til transport av disse. Men aktørene har støtt på utfordringer i økosystemet rundt, og løsningen er enda ikke realisert. Vi diskuterer dette eksempelet i lys av et industrielt nettverksperspektiv og argumenterer for at mobilisering av ressurser på det vi kan kalle bedriftsnivå, ikke er tilstrekkelig for å realisere bærekraftige løsninger – det må også skje i det omliggende økosystemet. Mobilisering på bedriftsnivå kan imidlertid skape ny dynamikk og gi utviklingsmuligheter som på lengre sikt kan bidra til å realisere slike bærekraftige løsninger.

• Nicolini, Davide & Korica, Maja (2021)
  Attentional engagement as practice: A study of the attentional infrastructure of healthcare chief executive officers

  Organization science, 32(5) , s. 1273-1299. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1427 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In this paper, we investigate the attentional engagement of chief executive officers (CEOs) of large healthcare organizations in England. We study attention ethnographically as something managers do—at different times, in context, and in relation to others. We find that CEOs match the challenges of volume, fragmentation, and variety of attentional demands with a bundle of practices to activate attention, regulate the quantity and quality of information, stay focused over time, and prioritize attention. We call this bundle of practices the CEO’s attentional infrastructure. The practices that compose the attentional infrastructure work together to ensure that CEOs balance paying too much with paying too little attention, sustain attention on multiple issues over time, and allocate attention to the issues that matter, while avoiding becoming swamped by too many other concerns. The attentional infrastructure and its component practices are constantly revised and adapted to match the changes in the environment and ensure that managers remain on top of the things that matter to them. The idea of a practice-based attentional infrastructure advances theory by expanding and articulating the concept of attentional engagement, a central element in the attention-based view of the firm. We also demonstrate the benefits of studying attention as practice, rather than as an exclusively mental phenomenon. Finally, we contribute to managerial practice by introducing a set of categories that managers can use to interrogate their existing attentional practices and address attentional traps and difficulties.

• Rygh, Asmund & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2021)
  Governmental goals and the international strategies of state-owned multinational enterprises: A conceptual discussion

  Journal of Management and Governance, 26(4) , s. 1155-1181. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-021-09595-5 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  State owned multinational enterprises (SOMNEs) have received extensive attention in recent research in international business and corporate governance, which demonstrates effects of state ownership on a range of international strategic decisions such as the degree of internationalization, foreign entry modes, and host country location choices. Such effects are explained by factors such as SOMNEs’ non-financial goals, corporate governance, and institutional pressures. However, results are mixed and context-dependent, and overall we still have an incomplete understanding of what governments aim to achieve through SOMNEs, and how these goals in turn lead to different international strategies. This conceptual article aims to explore how specific government goals may affect international strategies. We provide a more fine-grained view on SOMNE financial and non-financial goals and link them to key international strategic decisions such as the degree of internationalization, entry and establishment modes, and host country location choice. We review and extend previous literature and identify novel theoretical arguments, leading to an extensive set of propositions. We also sketch ideas for empirical studies of SOMNE objectives.

• Callegari, Beniamino; Luzzi, Alessandra, Martinsen, Ingvild & Walla, Elise (2021)
  Digital Transformation: meet or evade the Challenge? A Case Study in the Maritime Industry

  Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Elias, Allison Louise (2021)
  Business schools and the roles of the executives' wives

  Academy of Management Learning & Education, 20(3) , s. 300-319. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2020.0129 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This article shows how historical studies enrich our understanding of imprinting theory and can further our knowledge about gender in business schools. In the founding period of executive education following World War II, rather than excluding women from participation, U.S. business schools included women as wives in the socialization process as their husbands trained for top corporate manager positions. We contend that the imprint of the separate spheres ideology, whereby men and women engaged in different aspects of social and economic life, persisted in subsequent decades despite business schools’ efforts to more fully integrate women into the classroom. The article makes two contributions to imprinting theory. First, it shows how a historical approach to studying ideological imprints from a founding period develops our knowledge as to why some imprints persist over time. Second, it extends our understanding on how to study imprints in a multilevel context. Our empirical data draws from the archives of leading business schools, as well as from academic literature, popular business articles, media reports, and a literary novel.

• Meurer, Madeleine; Waldkirch, Matthias, Schou, Peter Kalum, Bucher, Eliane & Burmeister-Lamp, Katrin (2021)
  Digital affordances: how entrepreneurs access support in online communities during the COVID-19 pandemic

  Small Business Economics, 58, s. 637-663. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00540-2 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  COVID-19 has caused significant and unforeseen problems for entrepreneurs. While entrepreneurs would normally seek social support to help deal with these issues, due to social distancing, physical networks are often not available. Consequently, entrepreneurs must turn to alternative support sources, such as online communities, raising the question of how support is created in such spaces. Drawing on an affordance perspective, we investigate how entrepreneurs interact with online communities and base our qualitative analysis on conversation data (76,365 posts) from an online community of entrepreneurs on Reddit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings draw out four affordances that online communities offer to entrepreneurs (resolving problems, reframing problems, reflecting on situations, refocusing thinking and efforts), resulting in a framework of entrepreneurial support creation in online communities. Thus, our study contributes to debates around (1) entrepreneurs’ support during COVID-19 and (2) digital affordances in the entrepreneurship context.

• Raziq, Muhammad Mustafa; Benito, Gabriel R G & Kang, Yuanfei (2021)
  Multinational enterprise organizational structures and subsidiary role and capability development: The moderating role of establishment mode

  Group & Organization Management, 48(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/10596011211060952 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Multinational enterprises (MNEs) develop structural configurations for managing their geographically dispersed and disaggregated activities. These structures can be classified as (a) simple headquarters configurations (involves corporate, regional, divisional headquarters and mandated units) involving few direct reporting relationships; (b) network organizations involving no direct reporting relationships; and (c) matrix configurations involving multiple reporting relationships. While these structures are built for handling various complexities and purposes, it is unclear how they influence subsidiary role and capability development. We hypothesize how these structures influence subsidiary development and propose a moderating role of MNE establishment mode on the direct structure-subsidiary development relationship. Based on data from 429 foreign subsidiaries in New Zealand, our results show that subsidiary development varies across the structures such that simple headquarters configurations experience the least opportunities to develop. While the matrix and network structures as complex configurations offer distinct paths to subsidiary development, subsidiaries managed under the former are more likely to follow the developmental path of networking and interunit learning, and the subsidiaries managed under the latter are more likely to follow the path of autonomy and innovation. Furthermore, the positive association of network structure with subsidiary initiatives and autonomy is stronger for greenfield subsidiaries, whereas the positive association of matrix structure with subsidiary mandates is stronger for acquired subsidiaries

• Bjarnar, Ove; Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Gammelsæter, Hallgeir (2021)
  Management qualification and dissemination of knowledge in regional innovation systems : the case of Norway 1930s–1990s

  Knowledge management : dependency, creation and loss in industrial history, , s. 37-64. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429059001 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This chapter provides a detailed empirical foundation for discussing the role of dissemination of technical, organizational, and managerial knowledge within regional innovation systems. Accordingly, it focuses on qualification for management in regional innovation systems. In Norway, the policy of transferring knowledge to regional business has developed through three different regimes with its respective systemic traits. The first regime was active from 1917 until 1953, based on the cooperation between small business advisory branches in the regions, Smaindustrikontorer, and a semi-public advisory organisation Statens teknologiske institutt (STI), which was set up in 1916 to facilitate flow of knowledge to businesses by the use of liaisons or consultants. The second regime emerged in 1953 was created in connection with the Marshall Plan and the productivity drive in Europe. The third regime emerged after 1987, as the Government decided that the County authorities should take over the local branches of the STI and be responsible for developing the regional flow of knowledge.

• Bucher, Eliane; Schou, Peter Kalum, Waldkirch, Matthias, Grünwald, Eduard & Antons, David (2021)
  Structuring the Haystack: Studying Online Communities with Dictionary-Based Supervised Text Analysis and Network Visualization

  Research Methods for Digital Work and Organization: Investigating Distributed, Multi-Modal, and Mobile Work,

• Petersen, Bent; Benito, Gabriel R G & Welch, Lawrence S (2021)
  Foreign operation mode flexibility: tradeoffs and managerial responses

  International Journal of the Economics of Business, 28(2) , s. 281-307. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13571516.2021.1889917 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Firms’ ability to change foreign operation modes appears highly desirable in an increasingly volatile and unpredictable global environment. We propose and discuss mode flexibility as a management capability, with the aim at curbing the potential downsides of flexibility; in particular, the extra costs of coordination and contracting as well as revenue losses due to diminished partner commitment. We model the balancing and shifting of essential tradeoffs in relation to the two dimensions of mode flexibility – multiplicity and switchability – and highlight modularization and reciprocal use of real options as examples of tradeoff-shifting mechanisms that may improve the cost-benefit balance of mode flexibility.

• Raziq, Muhammad Mustafa; Benito, Gabriel R G & Ahmad, Mansoor (2021)
  Institutional distance and MNE-subsidiary initiative collaboration: The role of dual embeddedness

  European Management Review, 18(3) , s. 311-328. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12454 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Entrepreneurial initiatives by subsidiaries are greeted as well as contested. We examine the effect of institutional distance between the host country of a subsidiary and the home country of its parent multinational enterprise (MNE) on the resource support a subsidiary receives from the MNE for its entrepreneurial initiatives. Drawing on social exchange theory, and resource dependence theory, we argue that while informal institutional distance inhibits MNE resource support for initiatives, and formal institutional distance further exacerbates the subsidiaries' options, external embeddedness and reverse knowledge transfers may help subsidiaries bypass the negative effects of institutional distance and encourage MNE involvement in subsidiary initiatives. Using survey data from 429 foreign subsidiaries in New Zealand, and secondary data on formal institutional distance from the Worldwide Governance Indicators, the results from structural equation modeling provide support to our hypotheses. This study extends institutional distance, embeddedness, and subsidiary initiative research. Importantly, it contributes by demonstrating how contingencies such as dual embeddedness and (low) formal institutional distance can counterbalance the negative effects of informal institutional distance on subsidiary initiatives and MNE-subsidiary initiative collaboration.

• Andersson, Ulf; Forsgren, Mats & Holm, Ulf (2021)
  Subsidiaries as Sources for Learning in Multinational Enterprises: A Commentary on the Importance of External Embeddedness

  The Oxford Handbook of International Business Strategy, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198868378.013.15

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  In the beginning of the twenty-first century, Andersson, Forsgren, and Holm (2001, 2002) published two highly cited articles on the relationship between network embeddedness and the evolution of multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiary roles. These articles paved the way for research examining the importance of market knowledge acquired by an MNE subsidiary through being embedded in local networks, which would, in time, be expected to positively influence the competence development of other MNE units. The present chapter presents an overview of the key contributions of these seminal papers, followed by a discussion about the theoretical and empirical advancements concerning the relationship between embeddedness and subsidiary competence development. We provide suggestions around how to conceptualize competence development and knowledge transfer in relation to subsidiary external embeddedness and highlight areas where more research is needed.

• Osman, Shahrin; Sundarakani, Balan & Reve, Torger (2021)
  Benchmarking of Singapore maritime cluster: the role of cluster facilitators

  Benchmarking : An International Journal, 29(5) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-11-2020-0574 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Purpose This article analyses the role of cluster facilitators in the Singapore maritime cluster. Singapore has been recognised for its pro-business policies and its ability to attract international shipping companies to set up the ship ownership headquarters and ship management activities in Singapore. Design/methodology/approach The research is an empirical investigation on the approach for industrial cluster development of the Singapore maritime cluster, using the case study research methodology. The case study approach leverages on multiple sources of evidence from deep interviews (of 24 Singaporean firms and 13 Norwegian firms) related observations, documentation and archival records. As a means of contributing to the cluster renewal process, Singapore as the country embarks on the next stage of maritime cluster development, a benchmarking against the Norwegian Innovation Cluster has been incorporated. Findings The research findings reveals that Singapore is lacking in innovation activities that entails multi-firms collaborations and collaboration between multi-firms and research institutions. The existence of cluster organisation to facilitate collaborations between firms in the cluster and between firms in the cluster with research institutions is another contributing factor that are not institutionalised in the Singapore maritime cluster. Research limitations/implications Though the research is grounded primarily on the international business theory, particularly from firm- and country-specific advantages of location decisions, the economic geography theory and cluster theory also complement the theoretical grounding. Practical implications The findings derived from this research aim to facilitate policy makers, maritime leaders and practitioners to develop effective courses of action in current and future maritime industry development. Originality/value The research provides value to maritime industry stakeholders, maritime leaders and policy makers in their firm positioning strategy. Thus, the research adds values to the maritime industry with similar country perspectives and firm values for developing policies.

• Benito, Gabriel R G; Petersen, Bent & Welch, Lawrence S. (2021)
  Dynamics of Operation Modes: Switches and Additions.

  The Oxford Handbook of International Business Strategy, , s. 273-293. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198868378.013.14 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This chapter takes stock of fifty years of research on mode dynamics—that is, the decisions to switch and add operation modes in a foreign country—as a central international business strategy phenomenon. Numerous studies have advanced knowledge about the various forms of mode dynamics and their underlying drivers, especially regarding mode switches. However, this review of the research also reveals that understanding of the phenomenon of mode additions needs further development. The chapter proposes a theoretical framework for understanding mode additions and provides the example of modularization as an illustration of a mechanism that may help improve the cost–benefit balance of mode switches and additions.

• Saiedi, Ed; Broström, Anders & Ruiz, Felipe (2021)
  Global drivers of cryptocurrency infrastructure adoption

  Small Business Economics, 57, s. 353-406. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00309-8 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  A vast digital ecosystem of entrepreneurship and exchange has sprung up with Bitcoin’s digital infrastructure at its core. We explore the worldwide spread of infrastructure necessary to maintain and grow Bitcoin as a system (Bitcoin nodes) and infrastructure enabling the use of bitcoins for everyday economic transactions (Bitcoin merchants). Specifically, we investigate the role of legal, criminal, financial, and social determinants of the adoption of Bitcoin infrastructure. We offer some support for the view that the adoption of cryptocurrency infrastructure is driven by perceived failings of traditional financial systems, in that the spread of Bitcoin infrastructure is associated with low trust in banks and the financial system among inhabitants of a region, and with the occurrence of country-level inflation crises. On the other hand, our findings also suggest that active support for Bitcoin is higher in locations with well-developed banking services. Finally, we find support for the view that bitcoin adoption is also partly driven by cryptocurrencies’ usefulness in engaging in illicit trade.

• Lu, Ren; Song, Qing, Xia, Tingting, Lv, Daguo, Reve, Torger & Jian, Ze (2021)
  Unpacking the U-shaped relationship between related variety and firm sales: Evidence from Japan

  Papers in Regional Science, 100(5) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12608 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The purpose of this paper is to study how related variety influences firm sales. We apply an instrumental variable method (as well as the most recent plausible instrumental variable method in robustness tests) to analyze more than 600,000 firm observations in all of Japan's 47 prefectures. We find that related variety, as a kind of regional industrial structure, has a U-shaped relationship with firm sales. This finding enriches the related variety perspective by supplementing micro-level evidence, revealing that the “related variety–firm sales” relationship is not linear, as most prior studies have suggested.

• Stoknes, Per Espen; Soldal, Olav Bjerke, Hansen, Sissel, Kvande, Ingvar & Skjelderup, Sylvia Weddegjerde (2021)
  Willingness to Pay for Crowdfunding Local Agricultural Climate Solutions

  Sustainability, 13(16) Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169227 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The recent rise in climate concern among citizens worldwide is coinciding with a rising interest in agricultural climate solutions. The future scaling-up of these solutions, however, requires more knowledge about the mitigation potential, costs and financing options, including crowdfunding (CF). Our objective is to explore the driving factors behind the public’s willingness to pay for crowdfunded climate mitigation projects at the farm level. In this study, four mitigation options from the perspective of farmers were identified: solar panels on the barn roof, biogas from animal manure, drag hoses for improved manure dispersal, and the addition of biochar to soils. The study investigates the optimal characteristics of crowdfunding campaigns to finance such mitigation measures. The most influential factors on the respondents’ WTP is neither climate concern nor proximity, but instead the knowledge regarding CF, combined with how comprehensible and salient the suggested measure is. The main implications are that future projects that aim to achieve broad participation in CF campaigns need to communicate well, to improve both public knowledge of the funding mechanism (CF) itself and the comprehensibility and salience of the agricultural measure.

• Leiblein, Michael J.; Larsen, Marcus Møller & Pedersen, Torben (2021)
  Are governance mode and foreign location choices independent?

  Global Strategy Journal, 12(2) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1420 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This article explores the relationship between organizational governance and location choices. While the existing literature provides significant intuition regarding the factors that influence these choices, it often assumes that governance and location choice are independent from one another. This article tests the veracity of this assumption in the global semiconductor industry. We report evidence of significant correlations across choices regarding how to govern and where to locate production, evidence of a reciprocal relationship between governance and location choices, and evidence suggesting how interdependence between governance and location choices affects the stability of relationships highlighted by extant theories. We conclude with implications for future theoretical and empirical research based on the existence of these interdependent effects.

• Jan, Vang; Wiig, Heidi & Dana, Leo-Paul (2021)
  Innovation systems and entrepreneurship research

  WORLD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP. (ed.) Edited by Léo-Paul Dana. Edward Elgar. Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA, , s. 411-426.

• Cheikh-el-Chabab, Maya Kristina; Kuivalainen, Olli, Andersson, Ulf, Eskola, Roope & Mikkola, Aki (2021)
  Using Real-time Simulation in Company Value Chains and Business Models for Value Creation

  Real-time Simulation for Sustainable Production Enhancing User Experience and Creating Business Value,

• Memar, Noushan; Andersson, Ulf, Dahlin, Peter & Ekman, Peter (2021)
  The effect of digital transformation on subsidiary influence in the multinational enterprise

  Management and Information Technology after Digital Transformation,

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  This chapter discusses digital transformation in Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) from a strategic viewpoint and argues that the MNE headquarters’ digital transformation strategy can affect the influence of the MNE’s subsidiaries within the firm group. MNE digitalisation has different effects, depending on the emphasis on ‘high-tech’ or ‘high-touch’ capabilities. Further, the subsidiary’s influence depends on its internal embeddedness and involves both relational and structural components, which define the subsidiary’s entrepreneurial behaviour. The proposed conceptual framework includes subsidiary influence and digital transformation strategy dimensions. It provides recommendations for managers and calls for further theorising and testing the potential implications of digitalisation for MNEs

• Reichstein-Scholz, Harriet; Giroud, Axèle, Yamin, Mo & Andersson, Ulf (2021)
  Sales to centre stage! Determinants of the division in strategic sales decisions within the MNE

  International Business Review, 30(6) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101859 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Extant international business (IB) literature on Headquarter (HQ)-subsidiary relationships has established that where decision-making occurs, it influences a firm’s performance. Existing studies propose that the degree of autonomy in decision-making at subsidiary level is not the same for all value chain activities, paying more attention to upstream activities. This paper contributes by exploring decision-making autonomy in downstream strategic sales activities. Sales has rarely been centre stage in IB investigations and we therefore lack thorough understanding of its role and importance within the MNE decision-making processes. Conducting a mixed methods exploratory study in the fast-moving consumer goods sector in Germany, we test for antecedents and outcomes of subsidiaries’ strategic sales decision-making autonomy. Results confirm external and internal embeddedness as antecedents, and the dominant role played by the local context, but provide insights into potential risks of internal embeddedness. Results challenge existing theory inasmuch as subsidiary importance is not a significant driver. A critical implication of this finding is that, compared to upstream activities, the HQ may not have the option of mandating a subsidiary to transfer sales strategy skills and knowledge across the network. Our results show that, in an era of globalisation of sales, and internationalisation of retailers, HQ managers must pay heed to directly interacting with subsidiaries and to sharing strategic sales decision-making across the network to consolidate the MNE’s global sales strategy.

• Kratochvil, Renate; Khanamiryan, Mariya, Soylu, Ahmet & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2021)
  Organizational context factors that stimulate digital mindsets to unfold in digital transformation

  [Professional Article]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,

• Korhonen, Satu; Leppäaho, Tanja, Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Jack, Sarah (2021)
  The “Unwritten Will” in Interpersonal Network Ties: Founder Legacy and International Networking of Family Firms in History

  The Palgrave Handbook of Family Firm Internationalization, , s. 199-233. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66737-5_7 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In this study, we explore the role of interpersonal network ties in the context of internationalizing family firms. Through two historical cases—Alhström and Serlachius—we study how the founder-entrepreneurs’ domestic and international identity-based and calculative ties emerged and further evolved within and across country borders in the transitional incumbent–successor context. By using a longitudinal qualitative approach, we were able to build on the notions of “social legacy” of founders in family firms in conjunction with their interpersonal networks and the cultivation or disruption of the more or less embedded ties by their successors over an intergenerational period of time. Our contribution is found in illustrating how the different types of interpersonal network ties of the two founder-entrepreneurs embedded in historical contingencies together worked as the mechanism endorsing the founders’ “social legacies” in the successor generations’ international networking. On the basis of our findings, we introduce the concept of “international networking legacy”, which becomes considered by the next generation either as an advantage or a disadvantage for their own approaches to international networking.

• Seljom, Liselotte; Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth, Riis, Christian, Petkovic, Gordana & Berg, Hallvard (2021)
  Klimatilpasning av vårt bygde miljø og utfordringer ved dagens kost-nytteanalyser

  Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, 37(01) , s. 63-82. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-2871-2021-01-07 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  I løpet av dette århundret vil klimaet endre seg så betydelig i Norge at vi risikerer at vårt eksisterende bygde miljø ikke vil tåle endringene. Bygg og infrastruktur har et planlagt livsløp som strekker seg langt frem i tid, til et klima som er våtere, villere og varmere enn det vi har i dag. For å sikre at våre hjem, skoler, sykehus, arbeidsplasser, veier og annen infrastruktur er robuste på lengre sikt, må vi allerede i dag planlegge for det fremtidige klimaet. All samfunnsplanlegging og investering skal være velbegrunnet og gjennomtenkt. Samfunnsøkonomiske analyser er ofte et krav og en viktig del av beslutningsgrunnlaget til våre forvaltningsorgan. Men, dagens kost-nytteanalyser fanger verken opp kostnadene av klimaendringene godt nok eller nyttene ved ulike klimatilpasningstiltak. Kost-nytteanalyser generelt er heller ikke velegnet til å sikre helhetlig klimatilpasning og samordning på tvers av sektorer. Til dette trenger vi nye metoder og verktøy.

• Soldal, Olav Bjerke; Wærp, Hilde Kristine Lyby & Vatne, Camilla Fledsberg (2021)
  Mind the gap(s)! Ressursmegling for å kutte det norske matsvinnet

  Magma forskning og viten, 25(5) , s. 95-103. - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Hvert år kastes rundt en tredjedel av all spiselig mat i Norge. En stor andel av svinnet oppstår før maten når butikkhyllene, hovedsakelig fordi den har «feil» utseende, form eller farge målt mot etablerte standarder. Dette utgjør et betydelig klimagassutslipp, økt press på landareal og stadig voksende avfallsmengder, og det representerer et verditap for den norske økonomien på over 20 milliarder kroner. I produsentleddet finnes det per i dag ikke god statistikk for omfanget av svinn. Fra et faglig perspektiv representerer dette skjulte svinnet et kunnskapsgap for fremgang innen den sirkulære økonomien. Fra et forretningsperspektiv representerer gapet mellom svinn og ressursutnyttelse store muligheter for forretningsmodellinnovasjon og nye verdikonfigurasjoner. Det er store verdier å hente på å utnytte ressursene som kasseres i dagens lineære økonomi. Denne artikkelen peker på ressursmegling via digitale plattformer som en forretningsmodell som kan oppnå betydelige kutt i det norske matsvinnet ved å fungere som et bindeledd mellom avfallsstrømmer og nye bruksområder, ved hjelp av digitale plattformer. Vi benytter resultater fra en forbrukerundersøkelse gjennomført blant norske husstander på temaet «matsvinn og ikke-standard matvarer», og hevder på grunnlag av disse resultatene at det ligger et betydelig verdipotensial i å tette informasjons- og koordineringsgapene som i dag preger matbransjen. Vi forsøker å belyse norske forbrukeres holdninger til «ukurante varer» og diskuterer faktorer for å lykkes med ressursmegling ikke bare innen matbransjen, men også den norske økonomien mer generelt.

• Chen, Mei; Ni, Peijie, Reve, Torger, Huang, Jing & Lu, Ren (2021)
  Sales growth or employment growth? Exporting conundrum for new ventures

  Review of International Business and Strategy, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-04-2020-0048 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Purpose Previous studies primarily focus on how to achieve better performance in the international markets, but few centers on whether internationalization is a promising strategy for new ventures’ growth and development. Based on two pioneering frameworks Conservative, Predictable, and Pacemaker (CPP) model and the 7-P model, this paper fills this gap by analyzing how exporting exert heterogeneous effects on two types of growth, sales growth and employment growth. Accordingly, this paper aims to favor market-oriented new ventures to make a strategy on expanding international markets. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on firm-level data from the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database. The year 2005 was used as the shock year. By conducting the propensity score matching method, 793 couples of matched new ventures were collected with sales growth and 686 couples with employment growth. The difference-in-differences method was applied to analyze the various influences that exporting has on new ventures’ sales growth and employment growth. Findings The main finding of this paper is that new ventures that exported can achieve better sales growth than their counterparts that only operated domestically, whereas new ventures that remain in the domestic market have no difference in employment growth from those that exported. Research limitations/implications This study shows that exporting is especially beneficial for market-seeking new ventures. Because the study is based on Chinese data, scholars of international business can conduct further research on other countries with different economic structures. Originality/value Theoretically, this paper contributes to both international business theory and entrepreneurship theory by combining the CPP model and the 7-P model. Practically, this paper shows that exports mainly benefit the sales growth of new ventures. This suggests that business practitioners should consider their growth goals before they choose to enter the global market.

• Peprah, Augustine Awuah; Giachetti, Claudio, Larsen, Marcus Møller & Rajwani, Tazeeb S. (2021)
  How Business Models Evolve in Weak Institutional Environments: The Case of Jumia, the Amazon.Com of Africa

  Organization science, 33(1) , s. 431-463. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1444 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We advance research on the antecedents of business model design by integrating institutional and imitation theories to explore how the business model of new ventures evolves in a weak institutional environment. Based on a case study of Jumia—an online retailing company in Africa established with the aim to emulate the success of Amazon.com—we propose a process model entitled “imitate-but-modify” that explains how business models evolve through four distinct phases (i.e., clarification, legitimacy, localization, and consolidation). In essence, this model explains how new ventures surrounded by considerable uncertainty deliberately seek to learn vicariously by imitating the business model template of successful firms. However, because of significant institutional voids, the ventures’ intentional imitation is progressively replaced by experiential learning that blends business model imitation with innovation.

• Stefania, Sardo; Parmiggiani, Elena & Hoholm, Thomas (2021)
  Not in transition: Inter-infrastructural governance and the politics of repair in the Norwegian oil and gas offshore industry

  Energy Research & Social Science, 75(May) , s. 1-11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102047 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In the past three decades, there has been an increasing interest in transitions as crucial analytical moments of socio-technical change, with infrastructures being strategic loci from where to leverage these transformations. In this article, we argue for the necessity to re-engage with not-in-transition periods, which have theoretically and analytically been oversimplified. By focusing on the socio-technical practices of repair across interconnected infrastructures under not-in-transition conditions, we provide a better understanding of how these periods are (re)produced. Our in-depth case study of the Norwegian offshore oil and gas (O&G) drilling industry shows how stability can be ensured by means of inter-infrastructural governance carried on by specific power constellations, i.e. action nodes. The way they mould infrastructural components is revealed when normal operations are endangered by adverse events, such as accidents or economic crises.

• Ngoasong, Michael Zisuh; Wang, Jinmin, Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Bjarnar, Ove (2021)
  The role of MNE subsidiaries in the practice of global business models in transforming economies

  Management and Organization Review, 17(2) , s. 254-281. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2020.55 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study provides new insights into the role of subsidiary managers in the practice of global business models of multinational enterprises in transforming economies. Drawing on the global business model literature and through semi-structured interviews with a leading Norwegian maritime multinational enterprise in China, we have developed and critically explored a theoretical framework for uncovering how subsidiary managers understand and manage the tensions between the headquarters based in a western country and the subsidiaries based in a transforming economy. More specifically, when implementing the global business model in the transforming economy, subsidiary managers need to undertake effective management of structural, behavioural, and cultural tensions along with the global integration-local responsiveness dilemma. Subsidiary managers can contribute to solving structural tensions between the headquarters and subsidiary by undertaking effective market sensing and knowledge transfer activities to integrate the transforming economies into the MNE's global production networks. Meanwhile, they need to make effective relationship management to solve behavioural and cultural tensions.

• Weiss, Gerhard; Hansen, Eric, Ludvig, Alice, Nybakk, Erlend & Toppinen, Anne (2021)
  Innovation governance in the forest sector: Reviewing concepts, trends and gaps

  Forest Policy and Economics, 130 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102506 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Innovation in the forest sector is a growing research interest and within this field, there is a growing attention for institutional, policy and societal dimensions and particular when it comes to the question of how to support innovativeness in the sector. This Special Issue therefore focuses on governance aspects, relating to and bridging business and political-institutional-societal levels. This includes social/societal factors, goals and implications that have recently been studied under the label of social innovation. Furthermore, the emergence of bioeconomy as a paradigm and policy goal has become a driver for a variety of innovation processes on company and institutional levels. Our article provides a tentative definition of “innovation governance” and attempts a state-of-art review of innovation governance research in the forest sector. For structuring the research field, we propose to distinguish between organizational/managerial, policy or innovation studies. For the forestry sector, specifically, we suggest to distinguish between studies focusing on (i) innovative governance of forest management and forest goods and services; on (ii) the governance of innovation processes as such, or (iii) on specific (transformational) approaches that may be derived from combined goals such as innovation governance for sustainability, regional development, or a bioeconomy. Studies in the forest sector are picking up new trends from innovation research that increasingly include the role of societal changes and various stakeholders such as civil society organizations and users. They also include public-private partnership models or participatory governance. We finally should not only look in how far research approaches from outside are applied in the sector but we believe that the sector could contribute much more to our general scientific knowledge on ways for a societal transformation to sustainability.

• Békes, Gabor; Benito, Gabriel R G, Castellani, Davide & Muraközy, Balazs (2021)
  Into the unknown: The extent and boldness of firms' international footprint

  Global Strategy Journal, 11(3) , s. 468-493. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1397 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Firms make footprints as they internationalize. Going beyond simple measures of firms' internationalization, we conceptualize and measure the extent of a firm's international footprint as the number of location-mode combinations it is active in, whereas the boldness of the footprint shows how widespread (across modes and locations) firms' international activities are, compared to other firms with similar extent. Extent describes the complexity of international activities, and boldness captures the risk-taking associated with operating in less know contexts. Consistent with a microfoundations lens on global strategy, we find that boldness correlates with managerial risk-taking attributes, while the extent of internationalization strongly correlates with capabilities conducive to managing more complex operations. These measures offer a highly suitable tool for analyzing the relationship between internationalization and performance.

• Montgomery, Kathleen; Mørk, Bjørn Erik, Burns, Diane & Kislov, Roman (2021)
  Concluding Comments: Voice as a Common Theme Across Studies of Healthcare Management in Challenging Policy Contexts

  Managing Healthcare Organisations in Challenging Policy Contexts, , s. 301-314.

• Kislov, Roman; Burns, Diane, Mørk, Bjørn Erik & Montgomery, Kathleen (2021)
  Managing Healthcare Organisations in Challenging Policy Contexts: Connections and Contradictions

  Managing Healthcare Organisations in Challenging Policy Contexts,

• Kislov, Roman; Burns, Diane, Mørk, Bjørn Erik & Montgomery, Kathleen (2021)
  Managing Healthcare Organisations in Challenging Policy Contexts

  Palgrave Macmillan

• Torres, Manuel Franco; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Ugarelli, Rita Maria (2021)
  Understanding the governance of urban water services from an institutional logics perspective

  Utilities Policy, 68 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101159 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In recent decades, the urban water sector has experienced accelerating social complexity that derives from conflicting goals and beliefs, making the sustainability of the sector primarily a governance issue. However, existing governance models do not reflect the new reality. There is thus an urgent need to develop an urban water governance model reflecting this increasing complexity, to support sustainable governance. We integrate concepts from sociology, institutional theory and sustainability transitions to build a governance framework that includes interactions of social structures, and practices, shaped by different institutional logics and categorised at strategic, tactic, operational, and reflexive level.

• Otte, Pia; Mæhle, Natalia, Hansen, Sissel, Farstad, Maja, Soldal, Olav Bjerke, Stoknes, Per Espen & Banet, Catherine (2021)
  COOLCROWD – en veiledning for lokal folkefinansiering av klimatiltak i landbruket

  [Report Research]. RURALIS - Institutt for rural- og regionalforskning

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  Rapporten retter seg mot personer, organisasjoner eller bedrifter, som kan kommersialisere og implementere forskningsfunnene. Målgruppen er bred og omfatter blant annet landbruksorganisasjoner, banker, folkefinansieringplattformer, og reiseselskap. Rapporten inneholder en oppsummering av utvikling og design av konseptet COOLCROWD for implementeringen i det norske samfunnet.

• Rødvik, Arne Kirkhorn; Myhrum, Marte, Larsson, Evelina Lisa Algi, Falkenberg, Eva-Signe & Kværner, Kari Jorunn (2021)
  Sustained Reduction of Tinnitus Several Years after Sequential Cochlear Implantation

  International Journal of Audiology, , s. 1-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2021.1939448 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Objective This study aimed to explore the short- and long-term effects of a second cochlear implant (CI-2) on the reduction of tinnitus annoyance and tinnitus handicap. Design In a combined retrospective and prospective cohort study, tinnitus annoyance was measured before receiving the CI-2 (Pre), more than two years after (Post1) and more than seven years after (Post2), using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the Visual Analog Scale for the assessment of perceived tinnitus loudness (VAS-L) and annoyance (VAS-A), and a self-report questionnaire. Study sample Twenty sequentially bilaterally implanted adults with bothersome tinnitus. Results CI-2 implantation resulted in a statistically significant reduction of tinnitus handicap from severe at Pre to mild at Post1 (THI mean score reduced from 61.3 [SD = 19.4] to 29.3 [SD = 23.5]). The reduction in tinnitus annoyance was statistically significant from Pre to Post 2 (VAS-A reduced from 7.1 [SD = 1.5] to 3.4 [SD = 2.2]). The reduction in tinnitus loudness was not statistically significant. Conclusions The provision of a CI-2 for severely and profoundly hearing-impaired individuals with bothersome tinnitus is an effective method of providing long-term tinnitus relief.

• Lohne, Jardar; Torp, Olav, Andersen, Bjørn Sørskot, Aslesen, Sigmund, Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth, Bølviken, Trond, Drevland, Frode, Engebø, Atle, Fosse, Roar, Holm, Hans Thomas, Hunn, Lars Kristian, Kalsaas, Bo Terje, Klakegg, Ole Jonny, Knotten, Vegard, Kristensen, Kai Haakon, Olsson, Nils, Rolstadås, Asbjørn, Skaar, John, Svalestuen, Fredrik, Vaagen, Hajnalka, Wondimu, Paulos & Lædre, Ola (2021)
  The emergence of lean construction in the Norwegian AEC industry

  Construction Management and Economics, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2021.1975041 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Lean construction has inspired the AEC industry globally over the last decades, and this manifests within a wide array of contexts. The purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative-based qualitative analysis of the emergence and impact of Lean construction on a national level, notably in the Norwegian AEC industry. The analysis is based on the concept of paradigm shift and on empirical knowledge in the form of narratives. The narratives of practitioners and researchers provide deep insights into how Lean Construction has inspired the Norwegian AEC industry and academia, respectively. The reflections indicate that the introduction of the Lean construction principles and tools in the Norwegian AEC industry has depended on promoters who have been convinced about its advantages. The role of active promoters – in particular Dr. Glenn Ballard – is underlined as key to successful introduction of Lean Construction. Key cultural features of the Norwegian AEC industry are emphasized as important success factors. Lean Construction in Norway needs to be understood as a phenomenon occurring within a setting that is generally advantageous but also following an effort carried out on several levels. Key elements that can be used within other contexts are (1) the existence of promoters, (2) cooperation between industry and academic circles, (3) a high degree of trust and (4) a predominance of bottom-up organizations within the industry with few levels of hierarchy.

• Mæhle, Per Magnus; Hajdarevic, Senada, Håland, Erna, Aarhus, Rikke, Smeland, Sigbjørn & Mørk, Bjørn Erik (2021)
  Exploring the triggering process of a cancer care reform in three Scandinavian countries

  International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 36(6) , s. 2231-2247. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3278 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Cancer incidence is increasing, and cancer is a leading cause of death in the Scandinavian countries, and at the same time more efficient but very expensive new treatment options are available. Based on the increasing demand, high expectations and limited resources, crises in public legitimacy of cancer care evolved in the three Scandinavian countries. Similar cancer care reforms were introduced in the period 2007–2015 to address the crisis. In this article we explore processes triggering these reforms in countries with similar and well-developed health care systems. The common objective was the need to reduce time from referral to start treatment, and the tool introduced to accomplish this was integrated care pathways for cancer diagnosis, that is Cancer Patient Pathways. This study investigates the process by drawing on interviews with key actors and public documents. We identified three main logics in play; the economic-administrative, the medical and the patient-related logic and explored how institutional entrepreneurs skillfully aligned these logics. The article contributes by describing the triggering processes on politically initiated similar reforms in the three countries studied and also contributes to a better understanding on the orchestrating of politically initiated health care reforms with the intention to change medical practice in hospitals.

• Kratochvil, Renate; Khanamiryan, Mariya & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2020)
  Move away from data hugging - the construction industry into the digital age

  [Professional Article]. Bygg.no,

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Kokkonen, Anne & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2020)
  What makes collaboration works?

  [Report Research]. SINTEF Community

• Mørk, Bjørn Erik (2020)
  Viktig å lære av både suksess og feil

  [Professional Article]. Dagens medisin,

• Kokkonen, Anne (2020)
  Change agents. Individuals as agents for Organizational Change

  [Report Research]. SINTEF akademisk forlag

• Mørk, Bjørn Erik (2020)
  Viktig å lytte til de ansattes forbedringsideer

  [Professional Article]. Dagens medisin,

• Mørk, Bjørn Erik (2020)
  Kunnskap handler om hva vi gjør

  [Popular Science Article]. Dagens medisin,

• Andersson, Marius (2020)
  Nothing But a Name? Discursive Temporal Work in the Context of an Organizational Name Change

  Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,

• Lavie, Dovev; Lunnan, Randi & Truong, Binh T. Minh (2020)
  How Does a Partner's Acquisition Affect the Value of the Alliance?

  Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 2020(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.8 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Our study examines how a partner’s acquisition affects the value created and captured by the firm given the nature of its associations with the partner and with the partner’s acquisition target. We conjecture that business similarity between the firm and the acquisition target undermines value creation and capture, whereas business complementarity with that target creates value. We then contend that the relational embeddedness between the firm and its partner mitigates the negative effect of business similarity with the target while reinforcing the positive effect of their complementarity. Using an event study methodology, our analysis offers support to the opposing effects of business similarity and complementarity, but counters the predictions relating to the moderating effects of relational embeddedness. We conclude that if a partner acquires a target that competes with the firm, this indicates the breakdown of trust in their embedded relationship and creates a risk of knowledge spillover, which undermines the firm’s value creation and capture from the alliance. In addition, relation-specific routines can become rigid, which may prevent the firm from leveraging the complementary resources of the partner’s acquisition target.

• Wilberg, Erik (2020)
  Young Media Use in Covid-19 times

  [Report Research]. BI Handelshøyskolen

• Benito, Gabriel R G (2020)
  De-Internationalization: The Other Side of Internationalization

  Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.395

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2020)
  Executive Education

  Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.205 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Summary Executive education, defined as consisting of short, intensive non-degree programs offered by university business schools to attract people who are in or close to top executive positions, is a vital part of modern management education. The rationale behind executive education is different from that of the degree programs in business schools. While business schools enroll students to degree programs based on previous exams, degrees or entry tests, executive education typically recruits participants based on the their positions—or expected positions—in the corporate hierarchy. While degree programs grade their students and award them degrees, executive education offers courses that do not have exams and gives participants diplomas rather than degrees. Executive education expanded rapidly in the United States and globally after Harvard Business School launched its Advanced Management Program in 1945. In 1970, around 50 university business schools in the United States and business schools in at least 43 countries offered intense executive education programs lasting from three to 18 weeks. During the 1970s, business schools that offered executive education organized themselves into an association, first in the U.S. and later globally. From the 1980s, executive education met competition from the corporate universities organized by corporations themselves. This led the business schools to expand executive education in two directions: open programs that organized potential executives from a mixed group of companies, and tailor-made programs designed for individual companies. Despite being an essential part of the activities of business schools, few scholars have conducted research into executive education. Extant studies have been dominated by a focus on executive education in the context of the rigor-and-relevance debate that has accompanied the development of management education during the last 30 years. Other topics that are touched upon in research concern the content of courses, the appropriate pedagogical methods, and the effect of executive education on personal development. The current situation paves the way for some exciting new research topics. Among these are the role of executive education in creating, maintaining, and changing the business elite, the effect of executive education on socializing participants for managerial positions, and women and executive education.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Groskovs, Sergejs (2020)
  Måle effekter av digitalisering i den norske byggenæringen

  [Report Research]. Prosjekt Norge

• Wilberg, Erik (2020)
  Mediebruk i koronatider

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Kratochvil, Renate; Tippmann, Esther & Parker, Andrew (2020)
  Who do you tap for help when trying to solve an unusual business problem?

  LSE Business Review,

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  https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/businessreview/2020/06/09/who-do-you-tap-for-help-when-trying-to-solve-an-unusual-business-problem/ During sudden onset crises, such as pandemics, military conflicts, hurricanes and large scale bushfires, the number of unusual, complex business problems surges dramatically, and managers at all levels of an organisation’s hierarchy need to be able to deal with them. However, because of the erratic occurrence and unique structure of these problems, managers are not often trained in how to solve them. Examples of such problems are: When national borders are closed, how do we deliver our products to our customers?; Can we replace analogue products with digital services?; When the value of a local currency has dropped dramatically, how should we price our products?; How can we support employees located in risky areas?

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2020)
  Consumer social responsibility – seven theses and seven exhibits

  Consumer Social Responsibility Zur gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung von Konsumenten, , s. 55-67.

• Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi & Malonæs, Tine Petersen (2020)
  Firm-specific advantages: a comprehensive review with a focus on emerging markets

  Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-020-09737-7 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We consolidate and comprehensively review the international business (IB) literature on the firm-specific advantages (FSAs) of emerging market multinational enterprises (EM MNEs). We do so through a systematic examination of 88 empirical and conceptual articles published in top-ranked IB journals between 2011 and 2018. The results reveal that in the past decades, EM MNEs have acquired several of the same FSAs as their counterparts in developed countries (developed country enterprises or DC MNEs) financial resources, technologies, marketing capabilities, brand equity, R&D intensity, and management competencies. However, more recently, EM MNEs have developed additional unique FSAs in the form of managerial capabilities - to cope with competition in uncertain and constantly changing environments; easy access to cheaper capital; a stronger commitment to networks, such as those with diaspora communities; and, political connections. These additional FSAs have catalyzed the internationalization of EM MNEs. Our study also shows that some hurdles remain in the IB literature on FSAs. For instance, while IB scholars agree that EM MNEs have different investment motives depending on whether they invest in other emerging economies or developed economies, scholars are silent on the exact FSAs necessary to make EM MNEs investments in the respective economies successful. To advance the IB literature, we present some promising future research areas and challenge scholars to pursue further empirical studies on the FSAs of EM MNEs.

• Håkansson, Håkan & Axelsson, Björn (2020)
  What is so special with outsourcing in the public sector?

  The journal of business & industrial marketing, 35(12) , s. 2011-2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-06-2019-0280

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  This paper centers round outsourcing in the public sector. This topic is approached here as a special case in the public procurement context. To pinpoint the specifics of the public sector context and how it impacts on the outsourcing case, we make a comparison with private sector procurement and outsourcing. We try to portray the business activities in private as well as public sector settings and identify some similarities and – more importantly – some significant differences. We use two analytical tools: a classification system of various interfaces between a selling and buying firm; and a two-fold scheme for strategic analyses of whether or not to outsource and in what ways to outsource. These tools have been developed in studies of private sector outsourcing but are also applicable as tools in public sector contexts. Two empirical illustrations from public sector outsourcing are used to illustrate options and obstacles for outsourcing ventures in the public sector. The analytical discussion aims at pointing out when and how outsourcing should be a straightforward choice in the public sector. Additionally, we point out situations where the process is much more complicated and thus restricted. Finally, we highlight situations when outsourcing seems to not be a viable option and, thus, should be avoided.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Swärd, Anna & Vaagaasar, Anne Live (2020)
  Temporal shaping of routine patterning.

  Time, Temporality, and History in Process Organization Studies, , s. 116-137.

• Wiig, Heidi; Liu, Ju & Zukauskaite, Elena (2020)
  Global knowledge sourcing in thick and diversified RIS: case studies in Oslo, Malmø and Beijing.

  European Planning Studies, 29(8) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2020.1849033 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  There is an increased need of understanding organizational and institutional underpinnings of firms’ global knowledge search. This paper addresses thick and diversified RIS in two different territorial contexts and explores firms’ use of physical and virtual space in their search of innovation relevant knowledge. Through interviews with ICT and new media SMEs from Scandinavia (Oslo, Malmö) and Beijing, findings show that low-cost and virtual search space is very important for innovation; furthermore, regional, global and virtual space co-evolve and mutually reinforce each other. Global search strategies differ between the two contexts, emphasizing the importance of a regional institutional-organizational framing supporting trust, collaboration and motivation for global search. In order to reap the benefits of the regional-global-virtual dynamics, being thick and diversified is not enough to have global reach and attractiveness

• Håkansson, Håkan & Waluszewski, Alexandra (2020)
  “Thick or thin”? Policy and the different conceptualisations of business interaction patterns

  The journal of business & industrial marketing, 35(11) , s. 1849-1859. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-04-2019-0136

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  Purpose The prestigious policy advisor, World Economic Forum (WEF), underlines that “governments, businesses and civil society organisations” must find “new ways of tackling the systemic risks that affect us all”. Paradoxically, policy’s and politicians’ great trust in the basic forces of the business world is accompanied with a disinterest in how they are captured in analytical approaches. The purpose of this paper is to discuss what consequences different approaches to interaction present for policy attempts to use business forces to achieve change. Design/methodology/approach The discussion of theoretical approaches available for policy aiming to use the basic forces of business exchange for efficiency, innovation and industrial/societal renewal in specific directions is designed as follows: The authors identify two main choices of dimensions in the conceptualisation of business exchange, based on the acknowledgement of thin or thick interactions. The authors discuss how these are related to how interaction patterns appear in empirical studies of exchange. Based on the identification of conceptualisations and empirical findings, the authors discuss the ability for the public sphere to use the basic characteristics of business exchange to cope with societal challenges. Findings Research experiences on thick interaction and its consequences, that businesses and their input and output are interdependent, systemic and promote certain development paths, are largely ignored in approaches used in policy circles. Instead, policy advisors’ and policy commissioners’ understanding of business interaction patterns is coloured by mainstream economies assumption of thin interaction. The content and function of the market as depicted in this tradition are within EU, the basic foundation for legal regulations and limitations of businesses interaction patterns. Simply put, actors as well as the activities and resources that they are related to are approached as independent. Research limitations/implications This paper is focussed on the conceptual underpinnings of contemporary policy advices and commissions. This paper does not investigate deviations from these advices and commission made by policy practitioners on a local level Practical implications The message given by theoretical approaches recognising thick interaction is that the thicker it is, the more intervening, broader and more differentiated the policy tools and measures have to be. But that also puts high demands on policy actors on all levels to have both general and specific knowledge about thick interaction patterns. However, given the big challenges the society is facing, increased speed of change and, above all, increased influence over the direction of change are needed. Social implications WEF recognises the systemic features of the contemporary challenges to society with climate change in the foreground, and it stresses the need for finding new ways for public bodies and private businesses to cooperate to solve this. This implies the need to consider what theoretical approaches that should guide policy advice and measures. Hence, there is a need for the use of more sophisticated analytical approaches to the collective level, instead of those relying on that the interaction pattern of the business world is thin, straightforward and easy manageable. Originality/value This paper takes a novel approach to policy advice and policy commissions through focussing on what kind of theoretical concepts and approaches that actually are available for policy advisors and policy commissioners interested in using the basic forces of business exchange to increase efficiency and innovation in the public setting in general and furthermore to solve specific problems and to create new, specific development paths. Hence, both approaches adopted and neglected by policy are considered.

• Busch, Anne; Kratochvil, Renate & Schweiger, Christine (2020)
  Innovationen im (öffentlichen) Gesundheitssystem: Eine Analyse aus strategischer Perspektive

  Innovationen und Innovationsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen Technologien, Produkte und Dienstleistungen voranbringen, , s. 121-138.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Sannes, Ragnvald (2020)
  Strategiske gevinster ved robotisering i bygg- og anleggsnæringen

  Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, 36(1) , s. 18-32. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-2871-2020-01-04 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Digitalisering er på full fart inn i bygg- og anleggsnæringen (BA-næringen). Prosjektstyring, konstruksjon og byggeprosess digitaliseres og de analoge byggetegningene erstattes av interaktive, digitale modeller som kan deles på tvers av fag og organisasjoner. Ny teknologi gir mange muligheter for å organisere arbeidet annerledes. Tungt og farlig arbeid kan blant annet erstattes av roboter. Digitale tvillinger av byggerier kan bidra til mange muligheter med tanke på effektivisering av byggeprosessen, forenkling av drift og vedlikehold og støtte til mye annen teknologi som for eksempel bruk av roboter. Denne artikkelen fokuserer på muligheter og betingelser for mer bruk av roboter i BA-næringen. Robotisering i BA-næringen forventes å mer enn doble seg allerede innen 2023 til $166 millioner, så her går utviklingen veldig fort.1 Innovasjoner i semi- og fullautomatiserte roboter kan hjelpe BA-næringen til å bygge mer effektivt (mindre sløsing, til lavere kostnader, raskere) og sikrere. Spørsmålet er hvordan robotisering kan gi gevinster og hva som er betingelsene for å utnytte potensialet som ligger i automatisering og robotisering av byggeprosess. Vi vil derfor undersøke hva roboter kan brukes til i byggeprosessen og hva som kreves av omstilling for å utnytte og få effekter av roboter. Vi har gjort en undersøkelse av hvilke type roboter som finnes som kan støtte verdiskapingen i byggeprosessen. Studien baserer seg på gjennomgang av litteratur om robotisering med spesielt fokus på BA-næringen.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik; Bjarnar, Ove & Berge, Dag Magne (2020)
  Resilience and related variety : the role of family firms in an ocean-related Norwegian region

  Business History, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2020.1822329 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Recent research in economic geography has introduced two notions that historical studies should explore: regional resilience and related variety. Regional resilience refers to a region’s ability to recover from external shocks. Related variety refers to the existence of related industrial sectors in a region, and the relatedness promotes economic development due to spill-overs between sectors. From an evolutionary perspective, external shocks result in new development paths in regions with related variety. This is a dynamic process well suited to historical studies. This article argues that historical studies can contribute to this literature by studying how related sectors interact in resilient regions. We propose that family firms may act as a micro-coordination mechanism by moving financial and human resources from one sector to another related sector as a response to shock. The paper develops this argument by studying how six major regional business families within ocean industries reacted to external shocks over time. Keywords: regional resilience, economic geography, family firms, regional history, related variety

• Kipping, Matthias; Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & McGlade, Jacqueline (2020)
  Making managers: a fresh look

  Management & Organizational History, 15(2) , s. 91-105. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2020.1842288 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The idea that institutions at university level should engage in offering courses and programs to prepare people for administrative and managerial positions in commerce and business originally emerged in parallel in several countries during the mid- to late 19th century (Engwall and Zamagni 1998; Engwall, Kipping, and Üsdiken 2010, 2016). However, at that time, ‘business’ – or, more commonly, ‘commerce’ – was little respected within academia, with sociologist Thorstein Veblen (1918, 209–210) for instance, putting it at the same level as ‘athletics’ and suggesting that neither should have a place within ‘the corporation of learning’. Nor was a specific education widely seen as a prerequisite for successful businessmen – or the rare businesswoman –, though short, practical training for clerical positions was being offered since the mid-19th century at proprietary commercial schools (Conn 2019, Ch. 1). Well into the 20th century most of those running companies believed that leaders were ‘born, not made’ and that, if there was any training, it should be on the job (see, for examples from Germany, Kipping 1998a, 97). Often times, especially on the Old Continent of Europe, what sufficed was to be born into the family that owned the business. While managers hired from the outside had grown in importance earlier (e.g. Chandler 1977), they only started drawing more sustained attention by observers since the 1930s (Berle and Means 1932; see also, with a broader definition of manager, Burnham 1941). Since then, the notion that managers need to be made, i.e. educated, has become widely accepted. And even in multigenerational family firms, the heirs apparent are nowadays usually sent to some of the top business schools either in the country of origin or, more likely, in the US – followed, at times, by a stint at McKinsey or other elite consultants, portrayed by some as a kind of MBA squared (Mintzberg 1996; see also Gavett 2013; and, for examples Engwall, Kipping, and Üsdiken 2016, 251). Similarly, and relatedly, after struggling at the outset to find their place within academia (Engwall, Kipping, and Üsdiken 2010) business and management education have developed into the most popular area of study in many countries. In the US, for instance, 386,000 out of close to 2 million bachelor’s degrees in 2017–18 were in business, followed by 245,000 in health professions.1 In the European Union countries, 24.3% of the tertiary education graduates were in business and law, followed by 14.6% in engineering and construction, and 13.8% in health and welfare.2 However, in China engineering is the most popular field among master’s students with 890,000 students in 2018, followed by business with 369,0003 (see also Conn 2019, 2–3). This transformation has inspired a large body of historical research (for an overview, see, among others, Amdam 1996a; Augier and March 2011; Daniel 1998; Engwall, Kipping, and Üsdiken 2016; Engwall and Zamagni 1998; Khurana 2007; Locke 1984, 1989; more critically Conn 2019; Locke 1996; Locke and Spender 2011). The extant studies have gone far to elucidate the rise of university-based degree programs with a particular focus on the graduate level, in particular the Master of Business Administration (MBA), which together with the US-based business schools has usually been portrayed as equivalent to the rise of formal ways to make managers. An additional, related focus has been the ‘scientization’ of research and teaching in most of these institutions since the 1950s and the gradual expansion of this American model around the world – though with studies focusing in particular on its influence in Europe, broadly defined, and, to a lesser extent, Japan. In contrast, making managers through other, non-degree types of education and training has yet to receive a similar interest and so does the content and process of these programs. There is also a need to examine more closely the actual people who receive management education in both degree- and non-degree programs as well as the wide range of stakeholders, beyond governments and educational institutions, associated with their development. Last not least, there continues to be a dearth of studies covering all of these issues outside the ‘global North’. This special issue aims to advance this research agenda with contributions that (i) go beyond the degree programs offered by business schools; (ii) discuss the roles of all actors involved in the creation of programs for making managers; (iii) examine the processes of socialization taking place within these programs; (iv) look at the gendering of management education (and management); and (v) extend research on making managers beyond the obvious institutional and geographic contexts. After summarizing the current state of research on the history of management education and its blind spots, the remainder of this introductory article will address each of these contributions in some detail.

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Kochupillai, Mrinalini (2020)
  Law, Business, and Legitimacy

  Handbook of Business Legitimacy. Responsibility, Ethics and Society, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14622-1_23

• Ostergaard, Charlotte; Sasson, Amir & Sørensen, Bent E. (2020)
  Cash flow sensitivities and bank-finance shocks in non-listed firms

  International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance, 11(1) , s. 35-70. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBAAF.2020.104483 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We study how small firms manage cash flows by estimating cash flow sensitivities for all sources and uses of cash. Our data are Norwegian non-listed firms which can be matched to the banks they borrow from. Firms with low cash holdings mainly use external finance to offset cash flow fluctuations over the cycle, whereas firms with high cash holdings rely mainly on internal finance. Estimating how cash flow sensitivities change with exogenous bank shocks, we find that the cyclicality of cash-poor firms' investment is amplified because they do not substitute internal for external finance. Our results imply that for small firms, the transmission of financial shocks to the real economy is closely tied to their accumulation of cash.

• Gillmore, Edward; Andersson, Ulf & Ekman, Peter (2020)
  The enduring effects of relational attributes on subsidiary evolution after mandate loss

  Global Strategy Journal, 11(3) , s. 1-32. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1391 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We explore the importance of the relational attributes, trust and commitment, and their association with subsidiary development after mandate loss. We examine how greenfield and acquired subsidiaries, through their interaction with headquarters and sister subsidiaries, develop relational attributes through mutual‐orientated adaption. These relational attributes are subsequently important elements in upholding and developing subsidiary activities despite the loss of a mandate. We trail this process through a longitudinal field study following the evolution of four multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries. We explain how the subsidiaries relational attributes and part of their activities, associated with its mandates, remain even after the loss of a mandate. The study shows how these relational attributes mitigate and compensate for formal mandate loss.

• Surdu, Irina; Greve, Henrich R. & Benito, Gabriel R G (2020)
  Back to basics: Behavioral theory and internationalization

  Journal of International Business Studies, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00388-w - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  International business (IB) scholars’ over-reliance on a select few theories leaves our understanding of firm internationalization incomplete. The behavioral theory of the firm (BTF) can offer new insights and can be used to model a broad range of firm actions. We focus on the three basic BTF components: problemistic search, learning by doing, and vicarious learning. These components help us understand why firm behaviors are more dynamic and heterogeneous than other theories allow. BTF, with its emphasis on how firms assess performance according to aspiration levels, selectively learn and update routines, and selectively incorporate the learning of others, is better suited to examine the diversity and change increasingly observed in internationalization decisions. We explain why scholars should move beyond “dynamizing” static theories and show BTF’s applicability to behaviors involving change such as multi-mode market entries and market re-entries. BTF also helps examine the decision to internationalize in the first place, nascent firm internationalization, location choices, international market adaptation, and headquarter–subsidiary relationships. We encourage IB scholars to use theories that can handle the complexity increasingly associated with modern firm growth, and propose BTF as a promising starting point.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik; Lunnan, Randi, Bjarnar, Ove & Halse, Lise Lillebrygfjeld (2020)
  Keeping up with the neighbors: The role of cluster identity in internationalization

  Journal of World Business, 55(5) , s. 1-13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2020.101125 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This paper explores the implications of the collective identity of a regional cluster on firms’ internationalization. Prior research has established the value of cluster “insidership” through access to knowledge and resources. Through a longitudinal study, we find that cluster identity, through distinct identity claims, provides imperatives and shapes the motivation of firms to internationalize. These imperatives, we argue, stem from cluster identity seen as defined features of regional collectives, extending reference theory to encompass the role of social cues from similar firms located geographically close. The imperatives are particularly salient in the early stages of firms’ internationalization, adding the role of cluster identity to explain the differences between inexperienced and experienced firms in internationalization. Keywords: Cluster identity; Internationalization; Multinational enterprise; Longitudinal study.

• Raziq, Muhammad Mustafa; Benito, Gabriel R G & Igoe, Josephine (2020)
  Subsidiary country managers and subsidiary development: Upper echelons and resource-based perspectives

  German Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(3) , s. 291-323. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002219898184 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This article examines the relationship between subsidiary country manager-level factors and subsidiary development. As existing research on subsidiaries in multinational enterprises has focused on the organizational level, thus overlooking the individual level, it offers little insight regarding the role and importance of country managers for subsidiaries. Drawing upon upper echelons theory, resource-dependence theory, and the resource-based view, we argue that subsidiary development is contingent on country manager characteristics, and that country manager assignments are less likely when the host country is perceived as being of limited strategic importance to the multinational enterprise. Survey data from 429 foreign-owned subsidiaries in New Zealand provide support for our hypotheses. We derive some theoretical and managerial implications based on the findings.

• Riviere, Monica; Bass, A. Erin & Andersson, Ulf (2020)
  Dynamic capability development in multinational enterprises: Reconciling routine reconfiguration between the headquarters and subsidiaries

  Global Strategy Journal, 11(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1389 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Starting from the premise that firms need dynamic capabilities to adapt to changing environments, we discuss how multinational enterprises (MNEs) develop dynamic capabilities from internationalization. Unlike domestic firms that develop dynamic capabilities within one organizational system, MNEs are inherently multi‐level systems with the headquarters and subsidiaries. In this paper, we focus on how internationalization depth and breadth function as sources of learning and unlearning in the headquarters and subsidiaries, and how this serves as the antecedent for routine reconfiguration and dynamic capability development in the MNE. We theorize that the headquarters' and subsidiaries' brokering capabilities are critical for reconciling routine reconfiguration at the two levels so that dynamic capability development can occur, and the MNE can adapt to environmental changes.

• Hukal, Philipp; Henfridsson, Ola, Shaikh, Maha & Parker, Geoffrey (2020)
  Platform Signaling for Generating Platform Content

  MIS Quarterly, Doi: https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2020/15190

• Aguzzoli, Roberta; Lengler, Jorge, Sousa, Carlos M.P. & Benito, Gabriel R G (2020)
  Here we go again : a case study on re-entering a foreign market

  British Journal of Management, 32(2) , s. 416-434. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12407 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Globalization has motivated firms to expand into foreign markets, but internationalization is inherently dynamic. Many firms have exited foreign markets for various reasons, but some later decide to re‐enter those same markets. Based on a case study of a Brazilian multinational's activities in Mexico, this study contributes to the literature on re‐entry decisions of multinational enterprises and their outcomes, focusing on the roles of institutional voids and the experiences of decision‐makers during such processes. The findings suggest that companies learn from their mistakes and reconsider how they approach re‐entry and the resources that may need to be mobilized. However, the learning process is not straightforward as it is clouded by international knowledge myopia. This study highlights how multiple actors and considerations influence re‐entry events.

• Ryan, Paul; Buciuni, Giulio, Giblin, Majella & Andersson, Ulf (2020)
  Subsidiary upgrading and global value chain governance in the multinational enterprise

  Global Strategy Journal, 10(3) , s. 496-519. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1387 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Upgrading and governance in global value chains (GVCs) have been understood mainly through studying the buyer–supplier transaction, where the supplier is typically an independent contractor from a developing economy. Little is known about how subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) can upgrade in a GVC, whose core activities are coordinated through the “hierarchy” governance model. Using an in‐depth longitudinal single case study in the medical devices industry, we explain how a subsidiary can accomplish upgrading in an intra‐MNE GVC and, over time, increase its control of this GVC reaching a joint coordinator role for its governance. Our findings show that partaking in innovation may not be the final stage of a subsidiary's upgrading but can represent the start of a new phase that culminates with joint coordination of the GVC.

• Lu, Ren; Lu, Qi, Lv, Daguo, Huang, Yuxiang, Li, Shuping, Jian, Ze & Reve, Torger (2020)
  THE EVOLUTION PROCESS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP STUDIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY: RESEARCH INSIGHTS FROM TOP BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS JOURNALS

  Journal of economic surveys, 34(4) , s. 922-951. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12365

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  The present study involves a literature survey of 1710 entrepreneurship papers published in 28 top business and economics journals in 12 research disciplines. This paper finds that despite increased recognition of the importance of entrepreneurship, the research literature on entrepreneurship remains fragmented. Studies of entrepreneurship processes have been the dominant theme, but new issues of entrepreneurship are emerging. Based on the entrepreneurship reviewed, this paper summarizes potential research directions

• Aadland, Erik; Cattani, Gino, Falchetti, Denise & Ferriani, Simone (2020)
  Reflecting glory or deflecting stigma? The interplay between status and social proximity in peer evaluations

  PLOS ONE, 15(9) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238651 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  How do candidates’ status and social proximity to members of the evaluating audience interact to shape recognition in peer-based evaluative settings? In this study, we shed light on this question by adopting a mixed-method approach. We first examined field data on the conferral of awards in a peer-based evaluative contest–“The Silver Tag”–which is one of the most prestigious digital advertising awards contests in Norway. The field study revealed the existence of a negative interaction between status and social proximity on the allocation of awards. We then conducted two experiments to probe the mechanisms responsible for this finding. In the first experiment, we replicated the main pattern observed in the field study. In the second experiment, we showed that the interaction effect is contingent on the nature of the evaluative setting. When audience members’ decisions were in the public domain (i.e., the other audience members knew them), social proximity tempered the effect of status on candidates’ recognition, but it did not when decisions were private (i.e., the other audience members did not know them). We conclude by discussing several implications of our study for research on the socio-psychological processes underlying evaluative outcomes in tournament rituals.

• Pedersen, Torben; Larsen, Marcus Møller & Dasi, Ángels (2020)
  Searching locally and globally: Applying Daniel Levinthal’s scholarship to international business

  Journal of International Business Studies, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00315-z - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Daniel A. Levinthal has made several important contributions to the fields of strategy and management. His research has been pivotal in enhancing our understanding of interactions between the internal and external contexts that organizations face as well as the roles of experience, search, and learning processes. Despite substantial overlap between the core issues in international business (IB) and Levinthal’s work, the IB field has yet to fully embrace key tenets of his research. We aim to bridge this gap by providing a number of concrete suggestions for areas in which IB research may benefit from Levinthal’s work and vice versa.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Thomassen, Maria Kristina Kollberg & Riis, Christian (2020)
  Temasamling. Samfunnsøkonomiske aspekter ved klimatilpasning

  [Report Research]. SINTEF akademisk forlag

• Oppen, Marit; Mørk, Bjørn Erik & Haus, Eirik (2020)
  Kvantitative og kvalitative metoder i merkantile fag- en introduksjon

  [Textbook]. Cappelen Damm Akademisk

• Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik; Johnson, Julie K., Margolis, Peter A., Seid, Michael, Höglund, Pär & Batalden, Paul B. (2020)
  Networked health care: Rethinking value creation in learning health care systems

  Learning Health Systems (LHS), Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/lrh2.10212 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Creating better value in health care service today is very challenging. The social pressure to do so is real for every health care system and its leadership. Real benefit has been achieved in manufacturing sector work by the use of “value-chain” thinking, which assumes that the work is a series of linked processes necessary to make a product. For those activities in health care systems that are similar, this model may be very helpful. Attempts to “install” the value chain widely in health care systems have, however, been frustrating. As a result, well-meaning leaders seeking better value have resorted to programs of cost reduction, rather than service redesign. Professionals have not been very happy or willing participants. The work of health care service invites an expanded model of value creation, one that better matches the work. This paper proposes a networked architecture that can mobilize and integrate the resources of health care professionals, interested patients, family, and other community members in the delivery and improvement of health care systems. It also suggests how this value-creation architecture might contribute to research and the development of new knowledge. Two cases illustrate the proposed architecture and its implications for system design and practice, technology development, and roles and responsibilities of all actors involved in health care systems. We believe that this model better fits the need of making and improving health care services. This expanded understanding of how value is created invites attention by senior leaders, by those attempting to facilitate the improvement of current systems, by patients and clinicians involved in the daily work of health care service coproduction, by those charged with the preparation and formation of future professionals, by those who measure and conduct research in health care services, and by those leading policy, payment, and reimbursement systems.

• Bocconcelli, Roberta; Carlborg, Per, Harrison, Debbie, Hasche, Nina, Hedvall, Klas & Huang, Lei (2020)
  Resource Interaction and Resource Integration: Similarities, Differences, Reflections

  Industrial Marketing Management, 91, s. 385-396. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.09.016 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The purpose of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art comparison of the conceptualization of resources in ‘Resource Interaction’ (IMP) and ‘Resource Integration’ (SDL). Both are engaged with understanding how value is (co)-created, but with different emphases. Existing comparisons are limited and out of date. We trace how each has evolved over time by analyzing key developments. The focus of SDL has shifted from operant resources towards resource integration, and from a dyadic view towards ecosystem contexts. Within IMP, research takes a network perspective in investigating the nature of resource interaction in a variety of empirical contexts. An analysis of similarities and differences highlights key assumptions, the classification of resources, and the role for the actor. The comparison offers a thorough understanding of Resource Interaction and Resource Integration. The paper concludes by proposing suggestions for further research for Resource Interaction.

• Friesl, Martin; Stensaker, Inger G. & Colman, Helene Loe (2020)
  Strategy implementation: Taking stock and moving forward

  Long Range Planning, 53(6) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2020.102064 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Strategy implementation (SI) is a significant managerial, and organizational challenge as many practitioners struggle to make strategies actionable and to achieve intended results. Moreover, there is no unified body of research on SI. This is problematic for academics aiming to contribute to a research-based body of knowledge on implementation. To remedy this problem, we draw on the strategy-as-practice perspective and conceptualize SI as a particular type of ‘strategy work’, manifest in the activities, actors, and tools through which strategy is executed. This conceptual framework allows us to synthesize the fragmented literature into five implementation practices: structure and process matching, resource matching, monitoring, framing, and negotiating. We show how these implementation activities operate at different levels and involve different actors and tools. With its emphasis on what managers (and other people) do within specific structural, temporal, and material arrangements, the strategy-as-practice perspective offers exciting opportunities for future implementation research.

• Andersson, Marius; Moen, Øystein & Brett, Per Olaf (2020)
  The organizational climate for psychological safety: Associations with SMEs' innovation capabilities and innovation performance

  Journal of engineering and technology management, 55 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2020.101554 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This paper conceptualizes psychological safety as an organizational level phenomenon, andproposes that an organizational climate for psychological safety is positively related to SMEs'innovation performance and innovation capabilities. These hypotheses are tested on data fromNorwegian SMEs. The results demonstrate that psychological safety is positively associated withSMEs' innovation performance, and positively related to product-, process-, service-, and businessmodel innovation capabilities. Furthermore, an organizational climate for psychological safety isparticularly important for enhancing afirm’s radical innovative capability, while environmentaldynamism is found to moderate the effect of psychological safety. The results support the re-levance of psychological safety at thefirm level of analysis.

• Hauge, Åshild Lappegard; Flyen, Cecilie, Venås, Christoffer, Kokkonen, Anne & Aall, Carlo (2020)
  Public-Private Cooperation for Climate Adaptation - Providing Insurance Loss Data to the Municipalities

  Handbook of Climate Services, , s. 157-181. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36875-3_9 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This chapter discusses experiences from public-private cooperation for climate services providing insurance loss data (from weather related damage) on asset level for Norwegian municipalities.‘Insurance loss data’ display insurance adjustments on address level after nature hazards. The chapter compiles results from three successive studies performed in the period from 2013 to 2018. The studies examined the utility value of insurance loss data for 10 municipalities and investigated the attitudes in the 8 largest Norwegian insurance companies for sharing such data. The findings demonstrate that insurance loss data on asset level can improve municipal understanding of both current and future climate risks, and thus improve the effect and quality of measures to prevent and adapt to such risks. However, with respect to data quality, precise time and place for damage occurrence is essential. With respect to data availability, it is essential that the insurance companies are willing to share loss data with municipalities working with mitigation of risks. Commercial sensitivity is important for the companies, and therefore only restricted entities should be allowed access to the data. The insurance companies also stressed their responsibility for protection of privacy for their customers. Finding solutions to the data access and privacy is up to national authorities. As a direct follow-up of the findings and the recommendations from the studies, The Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection and Finance Norway are cooperating in developing a climate service called ‘knowledge bank’ for compiling and providing access to data on natural hazard events. The knowledge bank is relating to both current and future climate, strengthening municipalities in their work on risk prevention, and climate change adaptation. Loss data from insurance companies are one type of data they are including.

• Aarset, Bernt; Carson, Siri Granum, Wiig, Heidi, Måren, Inger Elisabeth & Marks, Jessica (2020)
  Lost in Translation? Multiple Discursive Strategies and the Interpretation of Sustainability in the Norwegian Salmon Farming Industry

  Food Ethics, 5(11) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41055-020-00068-3 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The term ‘sustainability’ is vague and open to interpretation. In this paper we analyze how firms use the term in an effort to make the concept their own, and how it becomes a premise for further decisions, by applying a bottom-up approach focusing on the interpretation of ‘sustainability’ in the Norwegian salmon-farming industry. The study is based on a strategic selection of informants from the industry and the study design rests on: 1) identification of the main drivers of sustainability, and 2) the application of five different discursive strategies to analyze how the firms maneuver to legitimize ‘sustainability’ in their conduct. We employ the Critical Discourse Analysis framework, which emphasizes how discourses provide different concepts of meaning. The sustainability concept is assessed based on how sustainability is brought into action by social actors in a legitimate way, and how this action results in sustainable practices. The empirical case of the study is the verbal justification of sustainability practices among representatives of the Norwegian salmon-farming industry. We aim to find out how these representatives translate the rather vague directives of the sustainability concept into legitimate choices that resonate with the firms’ contextual environment, hence, how the salmon farmers perceive, explore, interpret, explain, enact, and defend the diverse landscape of sustainability when implementing professional decisions. We found a trend of passive adaptation to external requirements, such as public regulations and regulative requirements from certification bodies. At the same time, there are progressive forces that attempt to improve the sustainability of the farming practices by involvement in research and innovation projects or cooperation with other firms, e.g. the contribution from offshore engineers in developing high seas farms. The strategies outlined and discussed cannot be seen as a typology to categorize the firms. More than one discursive strategy may be involved in one firm’s choice, and the strategies may work on different levels.

• Tveterås, Ragnar; Hovland, Mads, Reve, Torger, Misund, Bård, Nystøyl, Ragnar, Bjelland, Hans Vanhauwaert, Misund, Andreas Ugelvik & Fjelldal, Øystein Martin (2020)
  Verdiskapingspotensiale og veikart for havbruk til havs: Kort rapport

  [Report Research]. Stiim Aqua Cluster, Blue Planet

• Kværner, Kari Jorunn; Støme, Linn Nathalie, Romm, Jonathan, Rygh, Karianne, Almqvist, Frida , Tornås, Sveinung & Berg, Marianne Støren (2020)
  Coassessment framework to identify person-centred unmet needs in stroke rehabilitation: a case report in Norway

  BMJ Innovations, 7 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2020-000432 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Objective To describe unmet needs and values in stroke rehabilitation using the Health Value Framework and the associated coassessment tool Health Value Spider, a framework designed to identify and prioritise unmet needs based on health technology assessment (HTA). Setting The study took place at Oslo University Hospital, Norway, from February to April 2019. Participants in three consecutive workshops were recruited from Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Oslo Municipality, Hospital Procurement Trust and Oslo University Hospital. Twenty-four hospital workers (medical and allied health staff and administrative staff) participated in workshop 1 and 29 patients, user representatives and hospital workers in workshop 2. Twenty-one patients and hospital workers participated in workshop 3. Interventions Stakeholder analysis and scenario building was performed in a coassessment setting where unmet needs were identified applying the Health Value Framework. Two of the authors are also the developers of the Health Value Framework (KJK and LNS). Results In the two first workshops where health workers, patients and next of kin perspectives were elicited, three needs were identified: patient insecurity in patient journey transitions, lack of stroke rehabilitation expertise in primary care and invisible patient problems, such as fatigue and cognitive impairment. In workshop 3, 12 opportunity areas were identified. Four opportunity areas were selected by the stakeholders based on a prioritisation process: early discovery of cognitive impairment, rehabilitation continuity, empowered patients and next of kin and remote monitoring and digital touchpoints. Conclusion Health Value Spider successfully identified and prioritised unmet needs and described associated values.

• Tveterås, Ragnar; Hovland, Mads, Reve, Torger, Misund, Bård, Nystøyl, Ragnar, Bjelland, Hans Vanhauwaert, Misund, Andreas Ugelvik & Fjelldal, Øystein Martin (2020)
  Verdiskapingspotensiale og veikart for havbruk til havs: Hovedrapport

  [Report Research]. Stiim Aqua Cluster, Blue Planet

• Wendt, Kjersti; Mørk, Bjørn Erik, Berg, Ole Trond & Fosse, Erik (2020)
  Medicine and interest politics a study of decision-making processes in the area of vascular surgery in Norway

  Journal of Health Organisation and Management, 34(4) , s. 427-447. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-04-2019-0103 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of organizational challenges when decision-makers try to comply with technological developments and increasing demands for a more rational distribution of health care services. This paper explores two decision-making processes from 2007–2019 in the area of vascular surgery at a regional and a local level in Norway. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws upon extensive document analyses, semi-structured interviews and field conversations. The empirical material was analyzed in several steps through an inductive approach and described and explained through a theoretical framework based on rational choice (i.e. bounded rationality), political behavior and institutionalism. These perspectives were used in a complementary way. Findings – Both decision-making processes were resource-intensive, long-lasting and produced few organizational changes for the provision of vascular services. Stakeholders at both levels outmaneuvered the health care planners, though by different means. Regionally, the decision-making ended up in a political process, while locally the decision-making proceeded as a strategic game between different departments and professional fields.Practical implications –Decision-makers need to prepare thoroughly for convincing others of the benefits of new ways of organizing clinical care. By providing meaningful opportunities for public involvement, by identifying and anticipating political agendas and by building alliances between stakeholders with divergent values and aims decision-makers may extend the realm of feasible solutions. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the understanding of why decision-making processes can be particularly challenging in a field characterized by rapid technological development, new treatment options and increasing demands for more rational distribution of services.

• Tummers, Marcia; Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn, Sampietro-Colom, Laura, Siebert, Markus, Krahn, Murray, Melien, Øyvind, Hamerlijnck, Dominique, Abrishami, Payam & Grutters, Janneke (2020)
  On the integration of early health technology assessment in the innovation process: Reflections from five stakeholders

  International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 36(5) , s. 481-485. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266462320000756 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Early health technology assessment (HTA), which includes all methods used to inform industry and other stakeholders about the potential value of new medical products in development, including methods to quantify and manage uncertainty, has seen many applications in recent years. However, it is still unclear how such early value assessments can be integrated into the technology innovation process. This commentary contributes to the discussion on the purposes early HTA can serve. Similarities and differences in the perspectives of five stakeholders (i.e., the hospital, the patient, the assessor, the medical device industry, and the policy maker) on the purpose, value, and potential challenges of early HTA are described. All five stakeholders agreed that integrating early HTA in the innovation process has the possibility to shape and refine an innovation, and inform research and development decisions. The early assessment, using a variety of methodologies, can provide insights that are relevant for all stakeholders but several challenges, for example, feasibility and responsibility, need to be addressed before early HTA can become standard practice. For early evaluations to be successful, all relevant stakeholders including patients need to be involved. Also, nimble, flexible assessment methods are needed that fit the dynamics of medical technology. Best practices should be shared to optimize both the innovation process and the methods to perform an early value assessment.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2020)
  Creating the new executive: postwar executive education and socialization into the managerial elite

  Management & Organizational History, 15(2) , s. 106-122. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2020.1776134 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This paper explores the development of executive education in the US from 1945 to around 1970, and its function in developing potential top executives’ cultural, symbolic, and social capital. The paper shows that postwar executive education was an expression of how the academic community acted according to its societal obligations by offering the new leaders norms and values that could replace what was lost during the transformation to managerial capitalism. This function legitimized executive education within the business schools, which was at the time primarily characterized by a very different logic of scientization.

• Wilberg, Erik (2019)
  Young media usage 2020. A brief look into media use among students.

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Lindelien, Ellen; Wittingsrud-Johansen, Vilde Lovise, Wulff, Lars & Andersen, Lars Espen (2019)
  SmartHelp

  [Professional Article]. Magma forskning og viten, (3) , s. 58-67.

• Wilberg, Erik (2019)
  Lim og Lupe: Lokalavisenes trusler og muligheter

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Colman, Helene Loe (2019)
  Facilitating integration and maintaining autonomy: The role of managerial action and interaction in post-acquisition capability transfer

  Journal of Business Research, 109(March) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.063 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Through acquisitions, firms can access resources and capabilities they cannot develop on their own. Post-acquisition, a key managerial challenge is balancing the need for integration, to transfer capabilities, with the need for autonomy, to preserve knowledge-based capabilities. Drawing on extensive qualitative data, I find that this balancing involves managerial perceptions and actions that unfold in a reciprocal and dynamic process, resulting in capability transfer. I identify two distinct trajectories of capability transfer, one driven by the acquiring managers’ perceptions of valuable capabilities in the target, and one driven by the target managers’ desire to shield their capabilities from deterioration. This study contributes to the post-acquisition integration literature by conceptualizing the role played by target and acquiring firm managers in the dynamic, reciprocal, and sequential process of post-acquisition capability transfer.

• Ubisch, Sverre Søyland (2019)
  Spanning Crisp Categories: Primary Category, Complementary Category, and Their Contrasts

  Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.14391abstract

• Lome, Karina Birkeland & Andersen, Lars Espen (2019)
  Finn.no: En metode for disiplinert strategisk eksperimentering

  [Professional Article]. Magma forskning og viten, (3) , s. 68-72.

• Andersen, Lars Espen & Sannes, Ragnvald (2019)
  Norske digitaliseringscase

  [Professional Article]. Magma forskning og viten, (3) , s. 12-13.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Klovning, Frida & Paulsen, Linda (2019)
  Integrated Project Delivery (IPD): En litteraturstudie

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

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  Denne forskningsrapporten presenterer resultater fra en litteraturstudie på Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), ved Handelshøyskolen BIs Senter for byggenæringen. Studien er basert på en identifisering og analyse av publikasjoner i den internasjonale forskningslitteraturen. Hovedfunnene i studien kan oppsummeres som følgende: -IPD er motivert ut fra et ønske om å overkomme mange av utfordringene i bygg- og anleggsprosjekter, spesielt knyttet til fragmentering, og å forbedre prosjektgjennomføringen gjennom bedre integrasjon av prosjektteamet. -IPD oppfattes og brukes ulikt, men noen hovedprinsipper går igjen: flerpartskontrakt, deling av risiko- og gevinster og organisatorisk integrasjon. -Hovedbarrierer for IPD kan oppsummeres i juridiske, kulturelle, finansielle og teknologiske forhold. -Betingelser og kritiske suksessfaktorer for IPD er relatert til både formelle strukturer, slik som egnede juridiske og finansielle systemer knyttet til rettferdig fordeling av risiko og gevinster samt forsikringsordninger, og mer uformelle strukturer, spesielt knyttet til teamintegrasjon, kommunikasjon og tillit. Disse er videre koblet til nøye utvelgelse av prosjektdeltakere, opplæring, forankring og forberedelse. Informasjonssystemer og bruk av IKT, slik som BIM, fremheves som viktig for teamintegrasjon og kommunikasjon. -IPD gir bedre effekter enn tradisjonelle kontrakt- og gjennomføringsmodeller, men bildet er nyansert, og ofte er sammenhengen avhengig av mellomliggende variabler. Det finnes allerede mye forskning på IPD internasjonalt, men vi mangler fortsatt god, forskningsbasert kunnskap om viktige områder slik som det juridiske og finansielle systemet og ikke minst det sosiale systemet som omgir IPD-prosjekter, og som må være på plass for at IPD skal lykkes med å gi de forbedringene mange talspersoner bebuder. Dessuten er forskningen på IPD fortsatt i startfasen her i Norge, og den avhenger av at flere prosjekter tar i bruk denne formen for gjennomføring. Dersom dette skjer, har vi her mulighet til å følge utviklingen, og se hvordan denne typen gjennomføringsmodell vil påvirke næringen og den måten prosjekter gjennomføres på, og da identifisere hvordan IPD kan tas i bruk og bidra til bedre prosjektgjennomføring.

• Andersen, Espen (2019)
  Jotun Hull Performance Solutions

  [Professional Article]. Magma forskning og viten, (3) , s. 30-35.

• Wilberg, Erik (2019)
  Mediebarometer 2019 Befolkningens mediebruk på kjønn og alder

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

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  Den er foretatt som webintervju i uke 32 i 2019, på et landsrepresentativt materiale med 1009 respondenter.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2019)
  “Troubling Times” on the Agenda of Business Ethics: Drafting a dialogue approach, aiming at a consensus

  Ethical Business Leadership in Troubling Times, , s. 236-242. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903058.00022

• Wilberg, Erik (2019)
  Sølvrevenes digitalisering: Sterk utvikling i digital mediebruk blant 60+

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

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  Er 60+ et segment som bare kan glemmes i digitaliseringen av mediebruken? Nei, slett ikke. Det er overraskende hvor raskt det går også i denne gruppen, som tradisjonelt er vokst opp og har levd med papirbaserte medier og vanen med nyheter på Dagsrevyen på fast tidspunkt. Med bakgrunn i forskningsdata innsamlet for årene 2011 og 2017 kan vi belyse den raske utviklingen i digital mediebruk i denne aldersgruppen. De eldre kommer med etter hvert, og veksttakten er ganske enorm. Kildematerialet er en landsomfattende representativ undersøkelse utført av Respons Analyse i Bergen. Undersøkelsen er gjennomført to ganger i løpet av året og det samlede antall respondenter er nær 2000 for hvert av årene. Sammenlikningen er gjort i to aldersgrupper: De som er 60 år og over, og de yngre – som representerer alle mellom 18 og 59 år. Gruppen 60+ har ca 550 respondenter pr år og de yngre ca 1450.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2019)
  The internationalization of Executive education

  The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business, , s. 125-137. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315277813-8 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

• Wang, Pengfei (2019)
  Price space and product demography: Evidence from the workstation industry, 1980–1996

  Research Policy, 48(9) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.05.007 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study adds to the product innovation literature by emphasizing the important yet understudied role of price distribution in shaping product demography (i.e. new product introductions and exits). While prior research has focused on market niches in the technological and geographic spaces in order to explain product demography, price space has received very limited attention despite the important role of price in the market. We posit that product dynamics are largely shaped by the existing price distribution. More specifically, we argue that local density in price space determines both the likelihood of existing products exiting the market and the rate of new products entering it. Analyzing product exit and entry in the U.S. workstation industry from 1980 to 1996, we find that while price density increases an existing product’s exit rate, new products are also more likely to enter the niches where the price density is high. We also draw attention to internal price density within multiproduct firms, analyzing a product’s price distance from the other products launched by the same firm. We find that this type of internal price density decreases both existing products’ exit rate and new products’ entry likelihood. Our emphasis on price space contributes to the literature on product innovation and demography.

• Wilberg, Erik (2019)
  Snap eller papiravis? Mediebruk i livets ulike faser

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

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  I denne rapporten kan vi se hvordan mediebruken varierer med et begrep for livssyklus – fra enslige uten familie, via barnefamilier og opp til seniorer. I noen grad har dette selvfølgelig med alder å gjøre – men ikke fullt ut. Derfor kan det være interessant å se på hvilke nivåer mediekonsumet ligger på i de enkelte kategorier.

• Wilberg, Erik (2019)
  Åttitallistenes mediebruk - hvor ble det av avisen?

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Swärd, Anna (2019)
  Collaborative Project Delivery Models and the Role of Routines in Institutionalizing Partnering

  Project Management Journal, 50(2) , s. 1-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972818820213 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  It is widely held that collaborative project delivery models, such as partnering, represent a key means of improving construction project performance. Institutionalizing these models in practice, however, is not straightforward. We suggest that the (in)ability to establish new routines may be one reason for the variance in partnering outcomes. Based on a study of a partnering project, we develop a model of how partnering is institutionalized through the establishment of routines, enabled through common understanding and truces between the partners’ interests. The model illustrates how such routines develop through a balance between top-down structural interventions and emergent social learning processes.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Grimsby, Gjermund, Eilertsen, Bettina & Reve, Torger (2019)
  En verdiskapende bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsnæring (BAE): Oppdatering 2019

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

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  Handelshøyskolen BIs Senter for byggenæringen har siden 2007 gjennomført en serie verdiskapingsstudier av den norske bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsnæringen (BAE), og sett på hvilken betydning denne næringen har for norsk økonomi og samfunnsliv (se, Espelien og Reve, 2007; 2009; Bygballe og Goldeng, 2011; Goldeng og Bygballe, 2013; Espelien et al. 2015). Denne rapporten presenterer resultater fra den siste oppdateringen, som er basert på regnskapsdata fra Brønnøysundregisteret til og med 2018, kombinert med Menons bedriftspopulasjon for BAE-næringen.

• Benito, Gabriel R G & Lunnan, Randi (2019)
  Voyages of a Scholar: Navigating Companies, Channels, and Clusters

  Fagbokforlaget

• Sveen, Tanja & Andersen, Lars Espen (2019)
  Norsk Tipping

  [Professional Article]. Magma forskning og viten, (3) , s. 36-43.

• Lunnan, Randi & McGaughey, Sara L (2019)
  Orchestrating international production networks when formal authority shifts

  Journal of World Business, 54(5) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.101000 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We investigate how a brand-owning MNE can orchestrate its international production network following a loss of formal authority and a shift in ‘hub firm’ status to another member of the network. Our empirical material is drawn from a case study of a Norwegian shipbuilder who, despite formal authority shifting to another network member, faces a continuing imperative to coordinate and safeguard exchanges to ensure that network-wide performance objectives are met. We illuminate what mechanisms are used by a network orchestrator with limited formal authority, when they are used, and by whom they are developed and deployed. Our findings question theorizations that assume a single, stable orchestrator, and that give primacy to the ‘executive suite’. We show network orchestration as contingent and underpinned by adaptations, interdependencies and tensions.

• Havenvid, Malena Ingemansson; Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Håkansson, Håkan (2019)
  Innovation among project islands: a question of handling interdependencies through bridging

  The Connectivity of Innovation in the Construction Industry, , s. 126-142. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351110198-7

• Cabiddu, Francesca; Frau, Moreno & Lombardo, Sebastiano (2019)
  Toxic Collaborations: Co-Destroying Value in the B2B Context

  Journal of Service Research, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670519835311 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Service research and marketing theory have found value co-creation to be a key element in the business-to-business (B2B) context. Value can also be co-destroyed by the same actors who interact to create it. However, very few studies have examined service provider-customer work practices when value co-destruction (VCD) occurs. In this qualitative study, we approach VCD by combining social interactions and resource integration practices with a notion of value that reveals its multiform nature. We adopt a value definition that enables us to show that the notion of co-creation and co-destruction should be viewed conceptually as representing a value variation space rather than as being dichotomous or mutually exclusive. Our research allows practitioners to recognize and contrast VCD, as it emerges and impacts their B2B relations.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Swärd, Anna & Vaagaasar, Anne Live (2019)
  Routines as truces in temporary multi-organizations

  Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 19(1) , s. 14878-14878. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.14878abstract

• Grøgaard, Birgitte; Rygh, Asmund & Benito, Gabriel R G (2019)
  Bringing corporate governance into internalization theory: State ownership and foreign entry strategies

  Journal of International Business Studies, 50(8) , s. 1310-1337. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00237-5 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We use internalization theory to analyze the establishment and entry mode decisions of state-owned (SOE) and privately owned (POE) enterprises. We enrich internalization theory by building on insights from economic theory of corporate governance and taking into account particular characteristics of SOEs such as non-economic motivations, long-term orientation, and different risk preferences. We examine foreign entries over a 10-year period in the Canadian oil and gas industry. This single-country and single-industry context features foreign SOEs and POEs from a wide range of home countries, allowing a focused study of the combined influence of state ownership and home-country factors. Compared to POEs, SOEs tend to prefer acquiring stand-alone assets rather than firms, and to take lower ownership shares. We also find that differences between SOEs and POEs diminish when home countries are characterized by high government quality and market orientation and identify differences between types of SOEs, with partially owned SOEs exhibiting behaviors more similar to POEs than fully owned SOEs. We demonstrate how our enrichment of internalization theory strengthens its predictive and explanatory capacity. Our results also show that SOEs from strong and market-oriented institutional environments are similar to POEs and can be studied using the traditional internalization theory.

• Lunnan, Randi; Tomassen, Sverre, Andersson, Ulf & Benito, Gabriel R G (2019)
  Dealing with headquarters in the multinational corporation: a subsidiary perspective on organizing costs

  Journal of Organization Design, 8(1) , s. 1-24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-019-0052-y - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study examines how subsidiaries in multinational corporations (MNCs) experience interactions with corporate headquarters. We conceptualize such interactions in terms of organizing costs, focusing on two key types of costs: bargaining costs and information costs. Specifically, we examine how distance, coordination mechanisms, and atmosphere influence the level of organizing costs in the headquarter-subsidiary relationship. Using survey data collected among 104 subsidiary managers in two MNCs, we show that relationship atmosphere significantly reduces both types of organizing costs, whereas distance increases bargaining costs. We also find that centralization and formalization reduce information costs, whereas social integration, contrary to our hypothesis, increases bargaining costs.

• Håkansson, Håkan & Snehota, Ivan (2019)
  Interactivity and International Business

  Handbook of Advances in Marketing in an Era of Disruptions: Essays in Honour of Jagdish N. Sheth, , s. 295-306.

• Swärd, Anna ; Vaagaasar, Anne Live & Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2019)
  On connectivity, temporality, and organizational change processes

  Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 19(1) , s. 14641-14641. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.14641abstract

• Olaisen, Johan Leif & Revang, Øivind (2019)
  Making Knowledge Management More Relevant and Creative: A Comparative Study of ECKM Papers

  Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, 2, s. 815-823. Doi: https://doi.org/10.34190/KM.19.054

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  This paper is analyzing and comparing all the academic research papers in the proceedings of ECKM in 2017 (Barcelona) and 2018 (Padua). The study is classifying the papers according to methodology, analysis, discussion, and conclusion regarding their contribution, placing them into the four paradigmatic boxes. The approach is to use a philosophy of science framework and compare this to the content of the research papers. We have used the findings in four representations of knowledge, two typologies of concepts, four paradigmatic classifications, and the concluding framework for knowledge management research. Both conferences have a heavy emphasis upon knowledge-itis and instrumental-itis and much less emphasis upon problem-itis. The papers are centered around existing knowledge and accepted methodology and less related to new problems. The results indicate an ECKM conference based upon as-is knowledge and less upon new problems. The ECKM papers have rather low complexity presented in an empirical and materialistic paradigmatic framework through definitive concepts representing a form of atomistic research. What would ECKM have been with a higher degree of complexity in action and subjective paradigmatic frameworks through sensitizing concepts representing a form of holistic research? Probably a more creative, engaged and relevant conference. Objectivity is in demand, but subjectivity is needed to come up with proposals for working greener and smarter. To move ahead for better quality in the research, it is necessary to break free from the empirical paradigm and the materialistic paradigm and move into the clarified subjectivity and action paradigm. Paradigmatic ecumenism will tend to a fiercer, but an idea-generating debate. This pluralistic approach will give more engaged practical research representing more sustainable societies and businesses.

• Revang, Øivind & Olaisen, Johan Leif (2019)
  Obstacles and Driving Forces in Virtual Knowledge Sharing: A Case- Based Analysis

  Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, 2, s. 877-884. Doi: https://doi.org/10.34190/KM.19.098

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  The research phenomenon is the use of corporate social/collaboration software to share Information/knowledge. The empirical material was collected in two large corporations that implemented Workplace by Facebook (WbF). The data are partly quantitative based on an electronic survey in each organization and partly qualitatively based on interviews with core personnel. The paper has two research questions: A) What motivates and what prevent people from using the software to share knowledge? B) Of what should the management be aware to increase organization efficiency through knowledge sharing? Since little is known about the subject and theoretical constructions are rudimentary and fragmented, the empirical material is analyzed to substantiate various propositions. A total of six propositions is generated. These results are empirically testable to verify the theory building, and of importance for those who intend to implement similar software in their organizations. It is a strong indication that educational background has an impact on the sharing of information/knowledge. The main pitfall and threat to efficiency seem to be the posting of information without restrictions - as such behavior will result in an ‘internal junkyard’ of information. Tensions between an existing hierarchy of authority and lateral arrangements to share information and knowledge can also prevent possible gains from sharing knowledge across existing internal borders. Generally, there seems to be an imprecise language concerning collaboration and sharing as well as information and knowledge, which may impact the actual behavior of the users.

• Olaisen, Johan Leif & Revang, Øivind (2019)
  Making Knowledge Management Creative, Engaged and Relevant: a Comparative Philosophy of Science Study of IFKAD Papers in 2016, 2017 and 2018

  Proceedings IFKAD..., , s. 1220-1232.

• Waluszewski, Alexandra; Håkansson, Håkan & Snehota, Ivan (2019)
  The public-private partnership (PPP) disaster of a new hospital ? expected political and existing business interaction patterns

  The journal of business & industrial marketing, 34(5) , s. 1119-1130. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-12-2018-0377 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Purpose One of the most salient contemporary societal trends is the increasing amount of public–private collaborations. In spite of the increasing awareness of the need to scrutinise the promises of public–private partnership (PPP), there is an important but seldom-asked question: How does the assumed interaction pattern behind PPP correspond with the interaction pattern appearing in empirical studies of the content of business exchange? The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the discrepancy between the expected and actual pattern of interactions in PPPs. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a specific PPP concerning the construction of a Nya Karolinska (NKS) hospital building, which ended up as an economic and functional disaster. With an interactive approach as point of departure (Håkansson et al. 2009; Waluszewski, Håkansson, Snehota, 2017), this paper investigates a) the interaction pattern of the business landscape expected by policy/politicians in the NKS construction case and b) how the assumed interaction pattern appears in relation to the interaction pattern of the business landscape outlined in empirical studies of exchange, in the business landscape in general and of the construction setting in particular. Findings Given that the public side is neglecting the interactivity and interdependency of the private business setting, the disappointment with the NKS PPP project does not appear as an odd deviation. Rather, as a natural consequence of a public side expecting autonomous actors able to deliver innovation, quality and cost control just because they are exposed to competitive forces – but in reality interfacing with private actors which interests are directed to interdependent investments in place; own and related suppliers’. Research limitations/implications The investigation of the political expectations behind the NKS PPP case was concentrated on two types of data. Original reports expressing the political view of the interaction pattern of the private setting have been used. Four published studies focussing on different aspects of the NKS process, which discuss the political view of the private setting, was also used. Practical implications Be it private–private or public–private, to be beneficial for both sides of the exchange interface, both sides have to engage in the exchange – with representatives with knowledge and experiences of all direct and indirect related social and material resources that will be affected. The need to mobilise and involve representatives with extensive experiences of specific resource combinations of both sides of the exchange interface; the public as well as the private, does not disappear simply because it is assumed away. Social implications The competitive forces of the private setting are by politicians and policy assumed to function in an automatic way; breeding cost efficiency, quality and innovation. Furthermore, there is also an assumption of speed and ease of change. With the trust in these characteristic sof the private setting at hand, politicians have a “cart blanche” to withdraw from direct involvement in the creation of producer-user interfaces. Originality/value The paper underlines that as soon as the public-private exchange concerns goods that cannot be transformed to or treated as homogeneous ‘commodities’, as most often is the case of in this type of processes, there are reasons to be extremely careful in the design of the interaction interface. There are differences both in resource and activity structures between the two sides of the exchange interface and these differences have to be actively dealt with.

• Grøgaard, Birgitte; Colman, Helene Loe & Stensaker, Inger G. (2019)
  Legitimizing, leveraging, and launching: Developing dynamic capabilities in the MNE

  Journal of International Business Studies, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00245-5 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Multinational enterprises (MNEs) face simultaneous pressures for global integration and local responsiveness. While the extant literature acknowledges that most MNEs are neither entirely geared towards achieving global integration nor local responsiveness, scarce attention is given to how MNEs develop organizational flexibility to address multiple and shifting strategy pressures over time. In this paper, we draw on the dynamic capabilities literature to explore how the MNE develops the capabilities needed to achieve this flexibility. Through a qualitative, longitudinal case study spanning 12 years, we identify three recombination capabilities – legitimizing, leveraging, and launching capabilities – through which the MNE develops organizational flexibility. We find that these recombination capabilities improve the MNEs ability to sense and seize new opportunities and enable the MNE to overcome organizational impediments to achieve flexibility. Our study offers a process perspective that shows how the three capabilities together nourish the MNEs resilience to continuously balance between global integration and local responsiveness. Our findings have managerial implications, illustrating that launching new strategic initiatives may fail if the MNE does not have the capabilities to legitimize the new initiatives and to ensure that existing organizational strengths are properly leveraged to support the new initiatives.

• Teerikangas, Satu & Colman, Helene Loe (2019)
  Theorizing in the qualitative study of mergers & acquisitions

  Scandinavian Journal of Management, 36(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2019.101090 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This paper focuses on theorizing in the study of mergers and acquisitions (M&As), a globally significant inter-organizational phenomenon. We analyze 76 qualitative papers on M&As published in leading management journals between 1966–2016. We identify five modes of theorizing in the study of M&As. We find that M&A scholars make theoretical contributions using different theoretical positioning and research design strategies. The majority of the papers offer a contribution to middle-range theorizing (i.e., the literature on M&As), while a third of the papers also contribute to higher-order, or grand theories in management. In closing, this leads us to call for a rejuvenation of middle-range theorizing in management research.

• Gooderham, Paul N.; Grøgaard, Birgitte & Foss, Kirsten (2019)
  Global Strategy and Management: Theory and Practice

  Edward Elgar Publishing

• Benito, Gabriel R G; Petersen, Bent & Welch, Lawrence S. (2019)
  The global value chain and internalization theory

  Journal of International Business Studies, 50(8) , s. 1414-1423. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00218-8 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In a research note in this issue, Strange and Humphrey discuss how a global value chain (GVC) approach serves to usefully move internalization theory towards a better understanding of the increasingly important ‘middle ground’ between markets and hierarchies in the contemporary highly globalized international business scene. After a brief recount of their main arguments, we argue that their discussion needs to the extended, as it does not adequately recognize important differences between internalization theory and the GVC approach. Specifically, the approaches differ on the notions of efficiency, opportunism, and level of analysis. We then argue that internalization theory can benefit from the systemic view implied in the GVC approach, and discuss the role of trust as a coordinating mechanism in international business. This leads to a more general discussion of internalization theory and the difficulty of encompassing dynamic considerations such as learning and foreign operation mode combinations and flexibility within value chain interdependencies. We conclude with a research agenda that flows from our discussion.

• Lindberg, Kajsa; Mørk, Bjørn Erik & Walter, Lars (2019)
  Emergent coordination and situated learning in a Hybrid OR: The mixed blessing of using radiation

  Social Science and Medicine, 228(May) , s. 232-239. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.03.033 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Mobilising knowledge and coordinating actions in order to make use of new innovations and technologies is a major challenge in the health care sector. Drawing upon a longitudinal, qualitative study of a Hybrid Operating Room in Sweden, we illustrate how the staff from a variety of medical specialties need to coordinate their tasks and competencies, and learn how to use the technology in a safe way. This study shows that learning across highly-professionalised communities is a recursive process of emergent coordination and situated learning, which includes the acknowledgement of others’ expertise, task interdependence, and the pragmatic accommodation of latitude and control. Moreover, there was continuous negotiations between the different communities about what should constitute approved practice based on the task being performed. This obstructed the development of a dominant community with the authority to independently exclude other communities. We thus conclude that emergent coordination of tasks and expertise is an important aspect of learning how to use technologies that break with conventions of established and previously separated practices.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik; Fredona, Robert & Reinert, Sophus (2019)
  Breaking Even: Political Economy and Private Enterprise in the Norwegian Glass Industry, 1739-1803

  Business History Review, 93(2) , s. 275-317. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007680519000631 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Using internal debates and surviving account books, this article traces the eighteenth-century history of the Norwegian glass industry, created to exploit Norway’s immense natural resource wealth, and of the chartered company that would later become Norway’s iconic Christiania Glasmagasin. The investors in the company, many of them among Norway’s “founding fathers,” were individually responsible for its losses and it operated, remarkably, at an annual loss for nearly five decades. The article asks why, beyond the anticipation of a royal import ban on foreign glass, private investors might have continued to accept such losses. It focuses on tensions between cameralist and liberal ideologies in the creation of an important national industry, and on older (and perhaps more sustainable) ways of thinking about profitability.

• Larsen, Marcus Møller; Manning, Stephan & Pedersen, Torben (2019)
  The ambivalent effect of complexity on firm performance: A study of the global service provider industry

  Long Range Planning, 52(2) , s. 221-235. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.02.002 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Prior literature is ambivalent about whether organizational complexity has positive or negative effects on firm performance. Using rich data on global service providers, we explore this ambivalence by disentangling performance consequences of different types of organizational complexity. We show that complexity arising from the coordination of different services and operations negatively influences profit margins through increased coordination costs, whereas complexity coming from the sophistication of particular services may positively influence margins through informational advantages. We also investigate the moderating effects of process commoditization and client-specific investments. Our findings point to critical performance dilemmas facing global service providers in a highly competitive industry, and they help better differentiate performance effects of complexity at different organizational levels.

• Batt-Rawden, Kari Bjerke; Tellnes, Gunnar & Christie, Werner H (2019)
  Health Promotion and nature-culture outdoors actions as Forest Therapy in Norway

  International handbook of Forest Therapy, , s. 294-306.

• Raziq, Muhammad Mustafa; Benito, Gabriel R G, Toulson, Paul, Malik, Omer & Ahmad, Mansoor (2019)
  Roles and strategies of foreign MNE subsidiaries in New Zealand

  European Journal of International Management, 13(6) , s. 757-784. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2018.10014158 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study examines the roles and strategies of foreign-owned subsidiaries in New Zealand, with the aim to develop an improved classification of subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNE). Previous research has proposed a range of subsidiary classifications indicating various ways in which subsidiaries can be distinguished. There are, however, still concerns that critical contingencies, such as the subsidiary development capacity and its own strategy, remain ignored. This study addresses these gaps by drawing on network theory to develop a novel and overarching subsidiary classification framework. Based on the framework, it empirically derives a three-part subsidiary classification: entrepreneurial, constrained autonomous, and constrained. The empirical classification is based on data from 429 foreign subsidiaries in New Zealand. Implications for theory, public policy, and management practice are made.

• Elia, Stefano; Larsen, Marcus Møller & Piscitello, Lucia (2019)
  Entry mode deviation: A behavioral approach to internalization theory

  Journal of International Business Studies, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00235-7 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We explore when and why decision makers choose international entry modes (e.g., hierarchies or markets) that deviate from internalization theory’s predictions. By applying a cognitive perspective on entry mode decision making, we propose that the performance of prior international activities influences decision makers’ behavior in different ways than assumed in internalization theory. More specifically, due to a representativeness bias, underperforming (overperforming) past ventures influence the decision to change (continue using) the previous entry mode choice, which may result in an entry mode deviation. In addition, the propensity to deviate from theoretical predictions is stronger when the experience is recent and/or salient due to an availability bias. In conclusion, we argue that internalization theory can benefit from incorporating more systematically important behavioral assumptions on how firms enter international markets. In so doing, we contribute to the recent conversation on how variations in human behavior influence internalization theory.

• Santangelo, Grazia D; Dellestrand, Henrik & Andersson, Ulf (2019)
  Institutional antecedents of subsidiary external embeddedness: Coping with regulatory competitive constraints

  Long Range Planning, 52(4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.10.001 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  We investigate institutional antecedents to subsidiary external embeddedness and relate regulation constraining competition in local service sectors to subsidiary embeddedness with local partners in complementary sectors. Combining research on business networks with arguments derived from transaction cost economics, we argue that subsidiary external embeddedness depends on the extent of transaction costs originating from small numbers bargaining, which regulatory competitive constraints in local service sectors are a source of. Based on this logic, we suggest that low and high levels of regulatory competitive constraints are associated with greater subsidiary external embeddedness. We also suggest that this U-shaped relationship is more pronounced for subsidiaries that are centers of excellence within the multinational enterprise because these subsidiaries heavily depend on the local context as a source of their competitive advantage over their sister subsidiaries.

• Havenvid, Malena Ingemansson; Linné, Åse, Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Harty, Chris (2019)
  The Connectivity of Innovation in the Construction Industry

  Routledge

• Langley, Ann; Lindberg, Kajsa, Mørk, Bjørn Erik, Nicolini, Davide, Raviola, Elena & Walter, Lars (2019)
  Boundary Work among Groups, Occupations, and Organizations: From Cartography to Process

  The Academy of Management Annals, 13(2) , s. 704-736. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2017.0089 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  This article reviews scholarship dealing with the notion of “boundary work,” defined as purposeful individual and collective effort to influence the social, symbolic, material, or temporal boundaries, demarcations; and distinctions affecting groups, occupations, and organizations. We identify and explore the implications of three conceptually distinct but interrelated forms of boundary work emerging from the literature. Competitive boundary work involves mobilizing boundaries to establish some kind of advantage over others. In contrast, collaborative boundary work is concerned with aligning boundaries to enable collaboration. Finally, configurational boundary work involves manipulating patterns of differentiation and integration among groups to ensure that certain activities are brought together, whereas others are kept apart, orienting the domains of competition and collaboration. We argue that the notion of boundary work can contribute to the development of a uniquely processual view of organizational design as open-ended, and continually becoming, an orientation with significant future potential for understanding novel forms of organizing, and for integrating agency, power dynamics, materiality, and temporality into the study of organizing.

• Venås, Christoffer; Kokkonen, Anne & Hauge, Åshild Lappegard (2019)
  Organisering av klimatilpasningsarbeid

  [Report Research]. SINTEF Byggforsk

• Rocca, Antonella La; Perna, Andrea, Snehota, Ivan & Ciabuschi, Francesco (2019)
  The role of supplier relationships in the development of new ventures

  Industrial Marketing Management, 80(July) , s. 149-159. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.12.008 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  New business ventures have rather limited resources, generally suffer from liabilities of smallness and newness and rely on external business relationships, typically with suppliers, for developing and acquiring necessary resources. Yet, to date, research on how new ventures develop initial relationships with suppliers and how these affect the nascent business has been limited. Taking the business network perspective and relating it to studies of supply chain and supplier involvement in product development, our study contributes to the rather limited body of knowledge on new ventures' supplier relationships. Empirically, we draw on a longitudinal, in-depth single-case study of the first two years of operation of a start-up. Our study shows that the development of the key initial supplier relationships starts from open-ended expectations of mutual future relational benefits and involves a stepwise ‘inter-definition’ of solutions in interaction between the parties. We observe that interdependences arise between the new venture and its key suppliers and these enable but also limit, the development paths of both partners. We argue that the key initial supplier relationships extend a new venture's resource and capability base and are an integral part of a new venture's business model.

• Wathne, Kenneth Henning & Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik (2019)
  Where do we go from here? The future of B2B governance research.

  The journal of business & industrial marketing, 35(4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2018-0308 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose This paper aims to identify promising areas for future business to business (B2B) governance research. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a theoretical approach. Findings Most governance research in marketing is conducted within the context of value chains (Porter 1985). There are great opportunities for governance researchers in marketing to improve the understanding of B2B relationships in problem solving and networking services. Moreover, rapid innovations taking place in networking services are changing the institutional environment across all forms of value creation. This in turn impacts how the nature and governance of relationships in the broader economy are understood. Originality/value The literature on B2B relationship governance is primarily rooted in one particular form of value creation, namely, the “value chain” (Porter, 1985). The authors examine whether the current conceptualization of B2B relationship governance is equally applicable for firms that have a different value creation logic and therefore engage in exchange relationships that differ in their object of exchange.

• Tarba, Shlomo Y.; Ahammad, Mohammad F., Junni, Paulina, Stokes, Peter & Morag, Omri (2019)
  The Impact of Organizational Culture Differences, Synergy Potential, and Autonomy Granted to the Acquired High-Tech Firms on the M&A Performance

  Group & Organization Management, 44(3) , s. 483-520. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601117703267

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Wennes, Grete & Nesse, Jon Gunnar (2019)
  Organisere og lede : dilemmaer i praksis

  [Textbook]. Fagbokforlaget

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Nesse, Jon Gunnar & Wennes, Grete (2019)
  Organisere og lede: Dilemmaer i praksis

  [Textbook]. Fagbokforlaget

• Haus-Reve, Silje; Reve, Torger, Misund, Bård, Tveterås, Ragnar & Blomgren, Atle (2019)
  En konkurransedyktig og kunnskapsbasert havbruksnæring

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Tellnes, Gunnar; Batt-Rawden, Kari Bjerke & Christie, Werner H (2019)
  PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION, EPIGENETICS AND NACUHEAL - ACTIVITIES

  Herald of the International Academy of Science. Russian Section, (1) , s. 66-73.

  Vis sammendrag

  Public Mental Health Promotion in the Light of new Epigenetic Research, Environment and Lifestyle may have impact on our genes both today and in the future. Resent epigenetic research indicate that our genes may turn on and off as consequence of the way we are living. Health Promotion and salutogenesis therefore may have a positive impact on our genes. Nature-Culture-Health – activities (NaCuHeal) are methods that may be useful to prevent both mental and somatic health problems in the future. This paper explains through research and practical examples how and why health promoting nature and culture activities can improve the mental and physical health of the general public.

• Sabel, Christopher Albert & Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi (2019)
  Publish or Perish for PhD Students in Business & Economics

  [Popular Science Article]. Springer Nature Research Communities Social Sciences (Blog),

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard (2019)
  Making your organization more collaborative

  [Professional Article]. BI Business Review,

• Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik (2018)
  Value Creation, Business Models and Organization Design in a Digital World

  At the Forefront, Looking Ahead: Research-Based Answers to Contemporary Uncertainties of Management, , s. 85-93. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/9788215031583-2018-07

• Sasson, Amir (2018)
  At the Forefront, Looking Ahead: Research-Based Answers to Contemporary Uncertainties of Management

  Universitetsforlaget

  Vis sammendrag

  This book presents research-based answers to some of the uncertainties that managers, investors, employees and policymakers face. On its 75th anniversary, BI Norwegian Business School is undoubtedly a researchbased school at the forefront of global research. Its research groups contribute excellent, original research that is at the international forefront appearing in top international journals, while its graduates, more than those of any other school, populate CEO positions. Being at the forefront requires that we look ahead, not merely celebrate past successes. This book does exactly that. It covers three themes: 1. The digital organization, including algorithm-based decision making and management, digital labour, business models, corporate reputation and branding 2. The governance of corporations, with specific reference to state-owned and family-owned firms and their auditing 3. Decision-making, incentives and innovation, covering issues such as employee motivation and creativity, environmental R&D, political decision-making and customer experience

• Andersen, Espen; Johnson, John Chandler, Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard & Sannes, Ragnvald (2018)
  The data-driven organization: Intelligence at SCALE

  At the Forefront, Looking Ahead: Research-Based Answers to Contemporary Uncertainties of Management, , s. 23-42. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/9788215031583-2018-03

  Vis sammendrag

  Evolving at an unprecedented pace, digital technologies promise to automate not only labor-intensive and repetitive work, but also the traditional and exclusive domain of educated humans—knowledge work. This is evident in the new ways of reaching customers and coordinating activities, as well as in the fact that companies conducting a business built on the new technologies now constitute the world’s largest enterprises. The presence and evolution of these companies challenge established divisions of labor between man and machine, and almost casually redraws the boundaries between industries. Machine learning and analytics challenge the managers leading and the managerial scientists studying organizations. Everybody says they want to be data driven—but what does a company really need to do to achieve that? This article will explore the managerial, organizational, and strategic implications of allowing an ever increasing number of organizational decisions to be taken not by managers employing intuition and common sense, but by algorithms and learning systems based on massive amounts of data derived from electronically based customer interactions. We argue that these companies can be thought of as “intelligent enterprises” with enhanced abilities to sense, comprehend, act, learn and explain (SCALE) their environment and their interactions with it. To acquire these capabilities, managers need to cede authority over some decisions while acquiring new capabilities and roles for themselves.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2018)
  En (første) studentsentrert tilnærmering: start med å se på deg selv

  Ubehagelig næringslivsetikk II, , s. 32-41.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2018)
  En bransje- og profesjonstilnærming

  Ubehagelig næringslivsetikk II, , s. 162-175.

• Andersen, Espen & Sannes, Ragnvald (2018)
  Er du klar for digitalisering?

  Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, 34(3) , s. 196-213. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-2871-2018-03-04 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  I denne artikkelen utvikler og presenterer vi et rammeverk, en digitaliseringskanvas, for å artikulere, beskrive og analysere hvordan en virksomhet kan bli påvirket av teknologisk utvikling og digitalisering. Formålet er å gi ledere et verktøy for systematisk utforsking av muligheter og kunne se potensielle trusler som følger av digitalisering før de oppstår. Bedre forståelse for dette vil kunne føre til mer informerte beslutninger om hvilke valg egen virksomhet skal foreta seg, og bedre innsikt i om de valgene er levedyktige. Vi presenterer tre eksempler på anvendelse av rammeverket, to på bransjenivå (forsikring samt regnskap og revisjon) og en på forretningsenhet (Jotun Hull Performance System). Eksemplene demonstrerer at man gjennom et slikt verktøy kan være forberedt også på disruptive innovasjoner.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Swärd, Anna (2018)
  Sluttrapport Samhandling og prosessledelse

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Konfliktnivået i anleggsprosjekter er et stadig tilbakevendende tema i den offentlige debatten. Debatten handler ofte om kontraktsformer, tildelingskriterier og ikke minst kvaliteten på samhandlingen mellom aktørene i disse interorganisatoriske prosjektene. Tidligere forskning har vist at utvikling av tillit og gode relasjoner er spesielt viktig for å unngå konflikter. I studien som presenteres her, utdyper vi dette. Studien er gjennomført som en case-studie av E16 Bagn-Bjørgo. Her har vi gjort intervjuer, spørreundersøkelser, dokumentanalyser og observasjoner i møter for å undersøke: • Betingelsene for at gode intensjoner fra Samhandlingsfasen (SHF) tas med inn i prosjektgjennomføringen • Om måling av samhandlingskvalitet underveis i prosjektet bidrar til å sette mer fokus på samhandlingskvalitet og relasjoner i prosjektgjennomføringen • Identifikasjon av former for kontroll som bidrar til å utvikle og opprettholde tillit i relasjonene Vi finner at kvaliteten på gjennomføringen av SHF er viktig for å gi prosjektet en god start. Her utvikles det tillit mellom aktørene ved at man viser kompetanse og velvillighet. Videre ved temasamlinger skaper man felles oppgaveforståelse og i tillegg defineres strukturer og regler for samhandling som synliggjøres gjennom samhandlingsplakaten. Det er viktig å merke seg at tilliten som utvikler seg i SSHF er midlertidig. Hvis den skal styrkes og opprettholdes, så har vi identifisert problemløsningorientert atferd og ledelse som spesielt kritiske faktorer. Problemløsning handler om å finne gode løsninger på uforutsette forhold som oppstår underveis i prosjektet. Det å ha kompetente medarbeidere hos både byggherre og entreprenør er avgjørende. Samarbeid innad i ledelsen er viktig, men det er også viktig å myndiggjøre folkene som faktisk utfører de konkrete arbeidsoppgavene slik at de sammen finner gode løsninger. Å skape et felles lederteam for prosjektet hvor man samarbeider på tvers av organisasjonene er viktig. Det er viktig at ledere framsnakker de andre partene. Dette har en smitteeffekt nedover i organisasjonene. Kontroll er en nødvendig del av anleggsprosjekter for å sørge for at det man bygger faktisk er i henhold til de standarder som er satt. Måten å gjøre kontroll på har imidlertid stor betydning for utvikling og bibehold av tillitsrelasjoner. Vi identifiserer tre praksiser for kontroll som bidrar til bygge og opprettholde tillitsfulle relasjoner; informerende praksis, problemløsende praksis og proaktiv praksis.

• Wilberg, Erik (2018)
  Young media use 2019. Media preferences and behavior

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  This is a report on aspects of media usage among young people. The results are based upon a survey among business school students on Bachelor level at BI Norwegian Business School – campus Bergen. The survey was distributed to approximately 2000 students in October 2018 at the campus, and we received a sample of 284 responses, corresponding to around 14% of the students. Based on similar studies from earlier years, we have reason to conclude that the results are quite reliable and consistent to describe the media use of young people. However, business school students may have ther preferences than other young people, but we do not think that this is a major flaw in the study. Where appropriate we have also made references to a similar study from 2 years back in order to shed some light on changes in the media behaviour

• Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn & Støme, Linn Nathalie (2018)
  NoTeB: Nordic co-creation of decision support tool for Healthcare innovation.

  Finnish Journal of EHealth and EWelfare (FinJeHeW),

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2018)
  Ubehagelig næringslivsetikk II

  Gyldendal Akademisk

• Mikhailova, Olga & Olsen, Per Ingvar (2018)
  The Role of Controversy in Medical Technology Adoption

  Controversies in Healthcare Innovation. Service, Technology and Organization, , s. 279-308. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55780-3_11

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2018)
  Practices in Institutional Prosjects as Moblizers of Change: A Case of Adaptation to Climate Change

  Proceedings and Membership Directory - Academy of Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.13135abstract

• Lu, Ren & Reve, Torger (2018)
  A literature review of cluster theory: Are relations among clusters important?

  Journal of economic surveys, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12255

• Lu, Ren; Reve, Torger, Jing, Jing, Jian, Ze & Chen, Mei (2018)
  A literature review of cluster theory: Are relations among clusters important?

  Journal of economic surveys, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12255

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2018)
  Fagkritisk tilnærming

  Ubehagelig næringslivsetikk II, , s. 177-196.

• Wang, Pengfei (2018)
  Broadening versus reinforcing investor portfolios: Social structure and the search for venture capital investors

  Journal of Business Venturing, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.12.001

• Olsen, Per Ingvar (2018)
  Venture Capital Systemic Synergies and Networked Management Control in Rapid Scaling Innovative New Business Ventures

  Accounting,Innovation and Inter-Organisational Relationships, , s. 49-81. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315110998-4

• Hvidsten, Adeline & Hungnes, Tonje (2018)
  A controversy of interpretation: emergent agencies in repurposing Aker Local Hospital

  Controversies in Healthcare Innovation. Service, Technology and Organization, , s. 185-213. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55780-3_8

  Vis sammendrag

  In Chapter 8, Hungnes and Hvidsten explore how closing a local hospital generated a controversy related to repurposing the hospital’s buildings. The authors focus on the attempt to establish a health arena, which involves co-locating actors from different organizations in the public health sector, following national reform. Six years after the closure of the hospital, the establishment of a health arena was still an ongoing process. Inspired by Social Construction of Technology, the authors argue that this controversy was powered by the ‘interpretive flexibility’ of Aker’s buildings following public issues. Enriching SCOT with the Actor-Network Theory, the authors find that actors mobilized different agencies (physical, historical and regulative) in an attempt to close the controversy in favour of their own interpretation

• Wilberg, Erik (2018)
  Mediemobilitet - Fra Analog til Digital. Den grafisk beskrivende studie av mediekanalpreferanser 2011-2017

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Wilberg, Erik (2018)
  Young Media Use 2018: A brief look into media use and preferences of young people

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Snow, Charles C. & Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik (2018)
  Business models and organization design

  Long Range Planning, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.07.008

• Wilberg, Erik (2018)
  Fremtid og forandring. En rapport om mediebedrifters utfordringer og muligheter

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Lunnan, Randi (2018)
  Strategi

  [Textbook]. Fagbokforlaget

• Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik (2018)
  Strategi Utgave 2

  [Textbook]. Fagbokforlaget

• Kvalshaugen, Ragnhild & Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2018)
  Practices in institutional projects as mobilizers of change: A case of adaptation to climate change

  Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2018.13135abstract

• Mikhailova, Olga (2018)
  Adoption and implementation of new technologies in hospitals: a network perspective

  The IMP Journal, 12(2) , s. 368-391. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-05-2017-0027

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address challenges and opportunities that smaller hospitals with limited resources may face when they are adopting and implementing innovative technologies. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a single case study with interviews and document analysis, this paper focuses on the recombination of resources, actors and activities during the process of technology adoption and implementation at a Danish hospital. Theoretically, it takes an interaction perspective for exploring the interplay between inner and outer networking during the innovation processes. Findings – This study illustrates how the adoption and implementation of advanced medical technology requires significant investment, which is particularly burdensome for smaller hospitals. Constrained by limited resources, they have to develop creative combinations of resources through negotiation and embrace collaborative approaches to join and sustain themselves in the user-producer network. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the innovation field by suggesting ways in which practitioners at smaller hospitals can align with technology providers’ strategies and succeed by positioning their hospitals in relation to extended user-producer networks. This study further emphasizes the necessity of a broader discussion regarding the importance of user-producer interactions during innovation processes in health care settings.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard & Swärd, Anna (2018)
  Analyse av operatør- og partnersamarbeidet for kollektivtrafikken i Oslo og Akershus

  [Report Research]. BI Norwegian Business School

• Aslesen, Heidi; Martin, Roman & Sardo, Stefania (2018)
  The virtual is reality! On physical and virtual space in software firms’ knowledge formation

  Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, , s. 1-14. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1552314

• Håkansson, Håkan & Gadde, Lars-Erik (2018)
  Four decades of IMP research – the development of a research network

  The IMP Journal, 12(1) , s. 6-36. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-03-2017-0005

• Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik & Snow, Charles C. (2018)
  Business Models and Organization Design

  Long Range Planning, 51(1) , s. 32-39. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.07.008 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  Despite a voluminous literature, business model research continues to be plagued with problems. Those problems hinder theory development and make it difficult for managers to use research findings in their decision-making. In our article, we seek to make three contributions. First, we clarify the theoretical foundations of the business model concept and relate them to the five elements of a business model: customers, value propositions, product/service offerings, value creation mechanisms, and value appropriation mechanisms. A clear definition of a business model enables theory to develop systematically and provides coherent guidance to managers. Second, we suggest that value configuration is a contingency variable that should be included in future theorizing and model building. Each of the elements of a business model is affected by a firm's value configuration depending on whether the firm is a value chain, value shop, or value network. Third, we link business models to organization design. We show how organization design is affected by value configuration and how new collaborative organizational forms enable open and agile business models. We derive

• Olaisen, Johan Leif & Revang, Øivind (2018)
  Exploring the performance of tacit knowledge: How to make ordinary people deliver extraordinary results in teams

  International Journal of Information Management, 43(Dec) , s. 295-304. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.08.016

  Vis sammendrag

  Our research question is how do we transform individual and collective tacit knowledge into collective, explicit and actionable knowledge in teams?. As our methodological approach, we conducted a longitudinal survey study from 2012 to 2014 to of two teams of staff employed with a Norwegian furniture manufacturer. Each team included designers, production engineers, and salespeople. The survey included the teams and the upper corporate team. The survey monitored the design, production and market processes involved in launching furniture to the marketplace (30 months). The teams decided to rotate their professional roles as designers, production engineers, and salespeople. This rotating role mechanism and socialization process encouraged the sharing of knowledge. The team members transformed their tacit knowledge into collective explicit knowledge, allowing it to deliver innovative results within a time limit. As a theoretical implication, we have found a workable means of transforming tacit, productive, individual and collective knowing into explicit actionable knowledge. Productive team knowledge was converted into tacit managerial knowledge in upper management personnel, enabling the group to translate knowledge into explicit business actions. We propose, as a general theory, that by rotating professional roles within a team individual tacit knowledge can be transformed into collective explicit knowledge. The productive team tacit knowledge that was transferred was identified as expert, nodding, familiarity and holistic knowledge. As a practical implication, we show that rotating professional roles within a team works when a team is afforded enough time to develop a socialization process. When professionals are given direction, trust, responsibility and time to develop results, they break out of their comfort zones and deliver extraordinary results together. As a practical implication, we show that this process can be planned, managed and controlled. Role rotation facilitates both the creation of high-performance teams and the transformation of tacit professional knowledge into explicit knowledge. The transformation of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge helps increase efficiency and effectiveness in knowledge-intensive corporations. Therefore, practically, is it possible to create a corporate flywheel from tacit knowledge? The conversion of productive tacit knowledge into tacit managerial knowledge converted into specific business actions can create an explicit corporate flywheel while maintaining tacit knowledge as a competitive advantage.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Endresen, Maria & Fålun, Silje (2018)
  The role of formal and informal mechanisms in implementing lean principles in construction projects

  Engineering Construction and Architectural Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2017-0138

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose – Previous research shows that implementing lean construction is not a straightforward task. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of formal and informal mechanisms in implementing lean principles in construction projects. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a single case study of the implementation of innovative lean principles in a public construction project in Norway. The study is based on qualitative data, including 17 semi-structured interviews with 21 individuals, document analysis, and observations in meetings and seminars, in addition to informal conversations. Findings – Formal mechanisms, including contractual arrangements, have the potential to both facilitate and hamper the implementation of innovative lean principles in a construction project. They might create coherence, but at the same time they might limit the scope of the concept in such a way that others do not accept it. Informal mechanisms, including social and lateral relationships and trust aid implementation, both directly by creating commitment and by modifying the challenges that the formal mechanisms potentially incur. Formal mechanisms may, in turn, nurture the informal ones. Research limitations/implications – The research is based on a single case study within the Norwegian public sector, which is dependent on specific public procurement regulations and subject to strong contractual traditions. Originality/value – The research extends the existing knowledge of implementation of lean construction in the construction industry. It helps refining the understanding of the role played by formal and informal mechanisms, and the interplay between them in the implementation process. This knowledge is also relevant for process innovations in construction in general.

• Iurkov, Viacheslav & Benito, Gabriel R G (2018)
  Change in domestic network centrality, uncertainty, and the foreign divestment decisions of firms

  Journal of International Business Studies, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-0194-0

• Revang, Øivind & Olaisen, Johan Leif (2018)
  Knowledge Management in Turbulent Times: Combining the Soft and Hard Issues

  Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, 2, s. 747-754.

• Rocca, Antonella La (2018)
  Networked innovation in health care: a literature review and research agenda on the interplay of inner and outer contexts of innovation

  Controversies in Healthcare Innovation. Service, Technology and Organization, , s. 247-278. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55780-3_10

• Jensen, Michael & Wang, Pengfei (2018)
  Not in the same boat: How status inconsistency affects research performance in business schools

  Academy of Management Journal, 61(3) , s. 1021-1049. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0969

• Christie, Werner H; Hoholm, Thomas & Mørk, Bjørn Erik (2018)
  Innovasjon og samhandling i helsevesenet En praksisbasert tilnærming

  Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, 34 [i.e. 35](1) , s. 32-46. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-2871-2018-01-04

• Yin, Juelin & Chen, Huan (2018)
  Dual-goal management in social enterprises: evidence from China

  Management Decision, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2017-0170

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose Taking China as a research context, the purpose of this paper is to delineate how social and business tensions manifest in Chinese nascent social enterprises and to disentangle the strategies that they adopt to manage the business-social dual goals to achieve organizational viability. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative multiple-case study is used to collect and analyze data. Empirical data are drawn from in-depth semi-structured interviews with Chinese social entrepreneurs, ethnographic observation of social enterprises as well as secondary sources. Findings Depending on personal motivations and resource availability, social entrepreneurs’ perceptions toward pursuit of dual goals range from integration to differentiation in the short term, despite consensus on the concurrent development in the long term. The leverage of resources, image management, continuous innovation and need-based services are viable approaches that Chinese social enterprises adopt to manage the dual goals in order to create both social and economic value. Research limitations/implications This paper reveals understanding of the concrete tensions experienced among Chinese nascent social enterprises in pursuing business and social goals and how they manage to integrate the synergistic aspects of social and business goals to achieve survival and growth. Based primarily on qualitative case study method, the research findings are context specific and may not be ideal for generalization. Practical implications The authors reveal strategies by which synergistic benefits between dual goals may be achieved. Innovation (e.g. in resource utilization, in service format and content) and differentiation (e.g. in organization positioning) would be beneficial in enhancing the competitiveness of social enterprises. To enhance organizations’ credibility, quality of products and service should be monitored and organizational transparency needs to be enhanced. Social implications It is suggested that the government specifies legal forms and legitimates interests of social enterprises, formulates preferential policies to stimulate the development of social enterprises, and develops a set of qualification authentication system to regulate this emerging sector. Originality/value The study examines the manifestation of business and social tensions and presents dual-goal management strategies from a non-western perspective. As an original contribution to the field of social entrepreneurship, the study responds to calls for in-depth analysis of conflicting objectives and tension management in social enterprises.

• Olaisen, Johan Leif & Revang, Øivind (2018)
  The Direction of Knowledge Management Research: Making the Research More Creative, Engaged and Relevant

  Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, 2, s. 623-632.

• Harrison, Debbie; Hoholm, Thomas, Prenkert, Frans & Olsen, Per Ingvar (2018)
  Boundary objects in network interactions

  Industrial Marketing Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2018.04.006

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  The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of boundary objects in interaction processes within business networks. From a single case study in the grocery retail industry, we find that such objects are used within interaction processes for collaboration, but are also used extensively for handling conflict, facilitating economic negotiations, and power execution. As such, network-level boundary objects do not require broad consensus by all the involved actors, but instead narrow consensus in a particular interaction process.

• Olaisen, Johan Leif; Revang, Øivind & Rosendahl, Tom (2018)
  Verdiskapende kommunikasjon i endringsprosesser - Et bedriftseksempel fra en avdeling i Statoil

  Magma forskning og viten, 21(4) , s. 49-58. - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Statoils konsernstrategi for 2010 var at alle avdelingene skulle endres fra matriseorganisering til nettverksorganisering i en dynamisk virtuell organisasjon. Dette skulle medføre at alle operasjoner i Statoil ble integrerte (IO). Statoil Stjørdal var et pionereksempel på IO som skulle legge grunnlaget for IO i hele Statoil. IO var grunnlaget for dagens digitaliseringsstrategi i selskapet hvor alle prosesser digitaliseres. Vi fant i vår empiriske kvalitative undersøkelse at den kritiske suksessfaktoren for integrerte operasjoner var ledelsens strategi- og kommunikasjonsplan sammen med de ansattes deltakelse som utformet og styrte prosessen. De ansattes kompetanse medførte at de ble premissleverandører for hele endringsprosessen. Deres indre motivasjon var drivkraften. Det var ikke behov for noen form for belønninger. Milepeler ble markert, og de ansatte deltok i tilpasninger og kommunikasjon av disse. Det var da ikke behov for eksterne rådgivere. Dette var ordinære ansatte i Statoil som gjennom å ta et ansvar for teknologi, innovasjon og endring leverte ekstraordinære resultater. Denne studien av IO-implementeringen indikerte også at grunnleggende endringsprosesser tar lengre tid enn planlagt. Alle lederne fremstod over tid som klare støttespillere og initiativtakere til endringsprosessene. Lederne balanserte over tid demokratisk ledelse og maktbasert ledelse for å oversette Statoils strategi til lokale meningsskapende forhold i Stjørdal. De ansatte opplevde dette som en relasjonsgjensidighet. Formelle og uformelle nettverk ble gradvis viktigere i prosessen.

• Paul, Justin & Benito, Gabriel R G (2018)
  A Review of Research on Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Emerging Countries, Including China: What Do We Know, How Do We Know and Where Should We Be Heading?

  Asia Pacific Business Review, 24(1) , s. 90-115. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2017.1357316 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Using the Antecedents, Decisions and Outcomes (ADO) format as an organizing framework, this article gives an overview of the literature on different dimensions and characteristics of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by firms from emerging countries. Based on an extensive coverage of studies published over a period of nearly 25 years between 1993 and 2017, we review extant research on this phenomenon from mainly China, as well as other emerging countries. We identify advances and analytical areas of OFDI research and pinpoint the key theories, methodologies, observed characteristics and the variables that have been examined in this growing research literature. Many areas of the above research themes remain underexplored, despite recent significant advancements, and may provide directions for future research

• Matthiesen, Stig Berge & Wilberg, Erik (2018)
  Redaktører og endringstrykk: Om koblingen mellom arbeidsmiljø, omstillinger og gjennomtrekk

  Magma forskning og viten, 21(2) , s. 32-43. - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Mediebransjen er i stor endring. Dette er noe lederne i mediehusene kjenner på, ikke minst redaktørene. Kan all turbulensen rundt endring slite slik på redaktørene at de vurderer stillingen sin? Denne artikkelen tar opp nettopp dette emnet, turnover blant redaktører. Et spørreskjema gikk digitalt ut til samtlige medlemmer av Norsk Redaktørforening i 2016. Vi fikk inn 205 svar på undersøkelsen. Turnover, den avhengige variabel, ble kartlagt i form av turnover-intensjon. Resultatene viser en høy grad av jobbtilfredshet hos redaktørene, men at denne er under press gjennom jobbusikkerhet og rollekonflikter. Resultatene viser også at yngre redaktører har større sannsynlighet for å ville slutte i jobben. Det er ingen forskjell på kjønn. Endringer i organisasjonen (antall endringer, endringstrykk) korrelerte positivt med planer om å slutte i jobben. En SEM-modell med god tilpasning viste at turnover i sterkest grad ble predikert av jobbtilfredshet (negativ sammenheng), og at det var klare positive sammenhenger med rollekonflikt og jobbusikkerhet. Det ble skilt mellom to former for jobbusikkerhet: kvantitativ (frykt for å miste jobben) og kvalitativ (engstelse for endringer innad i jobben), som begge predikerte turnover blant norske redaktører. Økt turnover blant redaktørene fremover kan, dersom turnover er av dysfunksjonell type der man sliter med å erstatte kompetansen, resultere i redusert samlet kompetanse i mediebedriftene og redusert kvalitet på for eksempel aviser og produkter på digitale plattformer.

• Wang, Pengfei (2018)
  Outsiders favor the most: Status and the heterogeneity of audience coverage in M&A deals

  Long Range Planning, 51(2) , s. 234-251. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.03.006 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Uncertainty experienced by market audiences is the fundamental premise for status to take effect. Whereas prior research usually assumes that uncertainty is evenly distributed among audiences, this study emphasizes the heterogeneity of audiences. Audiences usually differ in the scope of firms they cover. They acquire more information and confront less uncertainty when evaluating firms under their coverage than those not. Status may thus exert different effects across audiences. My theoretical development is situated in the context of M&A. In particular, I hypothesize that although an acquirer's status is generally beneficial, it is more appealing to investors who do not cover the acquirer, as compared to covering investors. Results of the empirical analysis on the U.S. deals between 1990 and 2014 provide considerable support for my framework.

• Carlsson-Wall, Martin; Håkansson, Håkan, Kraus, Kalle, Lind, Johnny & Strömsten, Torkel (2018)
  Accounting,Innovation and Inter-Organisational Relationships

  Routledge

• Aguilera, Ruth V. & Grøgaard, Birgitte (2018)
  The dubious role of institutions in international business: A road forward

  Journal of International Business Studies, 50(1) , s. 20-35. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-0201-5

• Rouzies, Audrey; Colman, Helene Loe & Angwin, Duncan (2018)
  Recasting the dynamics of post-acquisition integration: An embeddedness perspective

  Long Range Planning, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.03.003

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  M&A scholars have generally assumed that post-acquisition integration is a self-contained process. However this ignores that this process rarely unfolds as the only ongoing initiative in an organization. We contend that post-acquisition integration is not detached from other simultaneous change processes in the organizational context and this has important implications for Our understanding of how integration dynamics actually evolve. To further understand this embeddedness we examine the unfolding of a post-acquisition integration process in a Company faced with an unanticipated drop in demand due to the global economic crisis. Through a qualitative,longitudinal study conducted over three years, we carried out 151 interviews to uncover the unfolding of the post-acquisition process. We find that post-acquisition integration is embedded in a set of co-evolving processes. We highlight four mechanisms coordination, cohesion, disconnection, alienation) that arise from the co-evolution of processes that either facilitate or impede integration. Our findings contribute to our understanding of post-acquisition integration dynamics by recasting the integration process as embedded in a set of co-evolving processes that shape its unfolding.

• Welch, Lawrence S.; Benito, Gabriel R G & Petersen, Bent (2018)
  Foreign Operation Methods: Theory, Analysis, Strategy

  Edward Elgar Publishing

• Byl, Connie Van der & Grøgaard, Birgitte (2018)
  Risk management and adaptation in oil and gas commodity resource markets

  Managing Natural Resources : Organizational Strategy, Behaviour and Dynamics, , s. 88-114. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786435729

• Zeng, Rong; Grøgaard, Birgitte & Steel, Piers (2018)
  Complements or substitutes? A meta-analysis of the role of integration mechanisms for knowledge transfer in the MNE network

  Journal of World Business, 53(4) , s. 415-432. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.02.001

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  The MNE integration literature lacks coherence in the use and effectiveness of different integration mechanisms. In this study, we use meta-analytic techniques to quantitatively synthesize and evaluate the impact of centralization, formalization and socialization on knowledge transfer. Our analysis of 89 independent samples, including 15,506 subsidiaries, shows that socialization facilitates knowledge transfer more strongly than centralization and formalization. Socialization substitutes for formalization’s positive impact, and mitigates centralization’s negative impact on knowledge transfer. We further identify that directionality of knowledge flows is key in explaining the impact of centralization mechanisms. Finally, we point out important systemic problems in current empirical research.

• Tavani, Zhaleh Najafi; Robson, Mathew, Zefahrian, Ghasem, Andersson, Ulf & Yo, C (2018)
  Building Subsidiary Local Responsiveness: (When) Does the Directionality of Intrafirm Knowledge Transfers Matter?

  Journal of World Business, 53(4) , s. 475-492. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.01.004

• Håkansson, Håkan; Carlsson-Wall, Martin, Kraus, Kalle, Lind, Johnny & Strömsten, Torkel (2018)
  Accounting, Innovation and Inter-Organisational Relationships. Insights from 13 empirical examples

  Accounting,Innovation and Inter-Organisational Relationships, , s. 275-284.

• Håkansson, Håkan; Carlsson-Wall, Martin, Kraus, Kalle, Lind, Johnny & Strömsten, Torkel (2018)
  Accounting, Innovation and Inter-Organisational Relationships: Avenues for future research

  Accounting,Innovation and Inter-Organisational Relationships, , s. 285-301. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315110998-15

• Gillmore, Edward; Andersson, Ulf & Memar, Noushan (2018)
  How subsidiaries influence innovation in the MNE value chain

  Transnational Corporations Journal, 25(1) , s. 73-100. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18356/d998ea62-en

• Aadland, Erik; Cattani, Gino & Ferriani, Simone (2018)
  The Social Structure of Consecration in Cultural Fields: The Influence of Status and Social Distance in Audience–Candidate Evaluative Processes.

  Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 55, s. 129-157. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X20180000055006

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  Building on sociological research that examines the allocation of rewards in peer evaluations, we argue that the recognition of cultural producers’ work varies with their status and social distance from the audience members who evaluate them. We study the influence of these two mechanisms within the context of the Norwegian advertising industry. Specifically, we looked at how cultural producers’ status and social distance from jury members affect their chances of being honored in “The Silver Tag” – one of the main digital advertising award contests in Norway – during the period 2003–2010. While our findings provide support for status-based rewards allocation, the positive effects of status may be more circumscribed than previously thought. When accounting for the existence of previous connections between audience members and cultural producers, we find that cultural producers are more or less likely to receive an accolade depending on their degree of separation from the audience members. By exposing network-based determinants of consecrating decisions, and suggesting that the positive effects of status may be more circumscribed than previously thought, our findings shed important light on the social foundations of evaluation and, more broadly, the mechanisms of reward allocation in cultural fields.

• Berg, Ingrid Løvendahl; Lombardo, Sebastiano & Lædre, Ola (2018)
  Innovation with Creative Collaborative Practices

  Proceedings of The 26th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, , s. 358-369. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24928/2018/0397

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  Lean is about solving problems related to reducing waste while maximizing value. The project team of the construction project Bispevika in Norway is working on how creative collaborative practices can be performed in problem-solving processes. This paper considers following research questions: Which creative collaborative practices are implemented in Bispevika? What are the experiences of these practices? How to improve these practices in future projects? In addition to observations on site within design and procurement, interviews of the project managers as well as a document study based on received project material is carried out to identify creative collaborative practices. A literature study on trust in collaboration, creative processes and creativity and innovation in lean is also presented. The engagement of an innovation manager as a facilitator combined with his own research on creative practices contributes to the overall vision of being an innovative project. The executed method is based on a four-phased process leading to the choice of best solution to a case. By using a strategy of creating winning teams and focusing on trust in these collaborations, the project is aiming at innovating the way projects are managed in the future. Identified creative collaborative practices with proposed adjustments are presented.

• O'Brien, Donal; Scott, Pamela Sharkey, Andersson, Ulf, Ambos, Tina C & Fu, Na (2018)
  The microfoundations of subsidiary initiatives: How subsidiary manager activities unlock entrepreneurship

  Global Strategy Journal, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1200

• Isaac, Victor Ragazzi; Borini, Felipe Mendes, Raziq, Muhammad Mustafa & Benito, Gabriel R G (2018)
  From local to global innovation: The role of subsidiaries' external relational embeddedness in an emerging market

  International Business Review, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.12.009

• Rai, Ranvir Singh (2018)
  Facilitating transformative change in medication adherence practices

  Service Industries Journal, 38(1-2) , s. 48-66. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2017.1369967

• Ryan, Paul; Gibblin, Majella, Andersson, Ulf & Clancy, Johanna (2018)
  Subsidiary knowledge creation in co-evolving contexts

  International Business Review, 27(5) , s. 915-932. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.02.003

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik; Bjarnar, Ove & Wang, Jinmin (2018)
  The dynamic role of small- and medium-sized multinationals in global production networks : Norwegian maritime firms in the Greater Shanghai Region in China

  Asia Pacific Business Review, 24(1) , s. 37-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2017.1358929 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This article examines the role of small- and medium-sized multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the dynamic development of global production networks (GPNs) in the maritime industry. It studies the dynamism between subsidiaries of Norwegian maritime firms and regional actors and institutions in the Greater Shanghai Region of China from the perspectives of the subsidiaries. It argues that strategic coupling, recoupling and decoupling are partly the results of regional selection mechanisms. However, in the cases where the subsidiaries are embedded within the host region, the strategies and behaviour of MNEs are of decisive importance for the dynamic development of GPNs. Keywords: China, global production networks, maritime industry, multinational enterprises, Norway, PRC, strategic coupling, operation modes

• Hauge, Åshild Lappegard & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2018)
  Beslutningsprosesser om overvann i urbane strøk

  [Report Research]. SINTEF Byggforsk

• Araujo, Luis; Rocca, Antonella La & Hoholm, Thomas (2018)
  Reconfiguring the relation between primary and secondary healthcare through policy instruments

  Controversies in Healthcare Innovation. Service, Technology and Organization, , s. 161-184. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55780-3_7

• Hansen, Eric & Nybakk, Erlend (2018)
  Response to the global financial crisis: a follow-up study

  Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 7:7(7) , s. 1-12. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-018-0087-2 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Firm response to decline has seen renewed interest based on the impacts of the global financial crisis. Here, we investigate the long-lasting effects of decline on the innovativeness of firms and, ultimately, the performance outcomes of those actions. The study focuses on SMEs in the US forest products manufacturing sector. We analyze the situation within 89 firms with respect to innovativeness in the years 2008, 2012, and 2015. Theory suggests that firms increasing innovativeness in response to the crisis would subsequently decrease innovativeness as US markets improved. With respect to product innovativeness, we find convincing evidence that firms increasing innovativeness subsequently decreased innovativeness. With respect to process and business systems innovativeness, the evidence is weaker, but indicative of a decrease in innovativeness between 2012 and 2015. Expected reduction in innovation efforts and increased focus on producing commodity products is not evident from our responding firms. Based on these findings, it is recommended that firms carefully consider their innovation investments/activities across the business cycle as a more consistent approach may be more productive.

• Fredheim, Arne & Reve, Torger (2018)
  Future Prospects of Marine Aquaculture

  OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE Charleston, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2018.8604735

  Vis sammendrag

  As a part of the OECD project The Future of the Ocean Economy (OECD 2016), a report on the Future Prospects of Marine Aquaculture industry towards 2030 was developed to assess risks and uncertainties around future developments. This paper is based on the report and the respective authors were lead experts for the workshop and authors of the OECD report. Global demand for seafood is expected to continue to rise over the next decades, because of increased world population, growing purchasing power and more people entering the middle class. It is expected that most of the future growth in seafood production will be through aquaculture and that expansion in aquaculture production capacity will occur in the ocean, with some of it moving increasingly offshore to escape the constraints in coastal waters. The list of technical and non-technical challenges for further growth of the marine aquaculture sectors is diverse, including development of technology and operational practices for open ocean farming technology of both fed and non-fed species, technology for less labour-intensive farming operations for industrialisation of non-fed aquaculture, new omega 3 rich feed resources for fin fish farming, and development of international legal framework for ocean and marine activities.

• Hauge, Åshild Lappegard; Flyen, Cecilie, Venås, Christoffer, Aall, Carlo, Kokkonen, Anne & Ebeltoft, Mia (2018)
  Attitudes in Norwegian insurance companies towards sharing loss data – Public-private cooperation for improved climate adaptation

  [Report Research]. SINTEF akademisk forlag

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  Background and research questions Research has shown that loss data on asset level from insurance companies have high utility value for local municipalities. These data can foster better understanding of the risks linked to nature events and surface-water flooding, in turn facilitating well-informed choices on what areas to prioritize in implementing prevention measures. The Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection (DSB) and Finance Norway, the organization for financial industry in Norway, co-operate in working to prevent undesirable nature events and in implementing preventive measures. DSB is developing a ‘knowledge bank’ that will compile and provide access to data on nature events and surface water flooding. The aim is to strengthen Norwegian municipalities and counties in their work on impact prevention and climate adaptation. Loss data from insurance companies are one type of data relevant for the planned knowledge bank. On this background, the research questions for the study reported here were: 1. What are the attitudes to sharing loss data in Norwegian insurance companies? 2. What does it take for insurance companies to be willing to share such data – with whom, on what level, and in what ways? 3. What technical solutions are required to enable sharing of loss data from insurance companies on a digital platform?

• Nicolini, Davide; Mørk, Bjørn Erik, Masovic, Jasmina & Hanseth, Ole (2018)
  The changing nature of expertise: insights from the case of TAVI

  Studies in Continuing Education, 40(3) , s. 306-322. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2018.1463212

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  In this paper, we interrogate the current views on medical expertise, and expertise more in general, by building upon the study of an innovative medical procedure called transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We find that phenomena like TAVI require that we modify our traditional views of expertise to acknowledge its social, material and distributed nature. We also find that in the case of TAVI expertise feeds upon the broad circuits of knowledge created by the combination of professional relationships, social ties and, increasingly, economic interests. Becoming and remaining an expert implies not only being socialised in a local regime of activity but increasingly also participating in, learning to navigate, and exploiting alternative and potentially competing circuits of knowledge, which may be controlled by private companies. The case of TAVI helps us to appreciate expertise as a translocal and connected phenomenon and foreground some of the implications of the emergence of proprietary circuits of knowledge.

• Hoholm, Thomas; Rocca, Antonella La & Aanestad, Margunn (2018)
  Controversies in Healthcare Innovation. Service, Technology and Organization

  Palgrave Macmillan

• Martin, Roman; Aslesen, Heidi, Grillitsch, Markus & Herstad, Sverre Johan (2018)
  Regional innovation systems and global knowledge flows

  New Avenues for Regional Innovation Systems - Theoretical Advances, Empirical Cases and Policy Lessons, , s. 127-148. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71661-9_7

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  The literature on regional innovation systems emphasizes the role of the region as locus for interactive learning and knowledge exchange, stressing the importance of (geographical) proximity for innovation. Even though the importance of extra-regional knowledge is widely acknowledged, there has been only little emphasis on the particular role and the nature of global knowledge flows. The aim of this chapter is to explore the differentiated nature of global knowledge flows in regional innovation systems. We provide an overview of the different ways firms can gain access to global knowledge sources. Identified knowledge sourcing channels include international R&D collaborations, foreign direct investments, personally embedded relationships, international mobility of skilled labour, virtual communities and online platforms, and the participation in temporary clusters such as fairs, exhibitions, and conferences. Depending on regional innovation system preconditions, firms use and combine different knowledge sourcing channels to access global knowledge. Firms in organisationally thick and diversified regional innovation systems have a geographical advantage in accessing knowledge globally, but even firms in peripheral areas can exchange knowledge worldwide, due to improved means of transport and communication at distance. Furthermore, not only multinational companies that are dominated by analytical or synthetic knowledge bases, but even small and medium sized enterprises in symbolic industries are often deeply involved in global knowledge sourcing activities. We illustrate our arguments with interview data collected among New Media firms in southern Sweden and in the Oslo Region in Norway.

• Mørk, Bjørn Erik; Masovic, Jasmina, Greig, Gail, Nicolini, Davide & Hanseth, Ole (2018)
  Contradictions as Opportunities for Innovation in the Case of TAVI

  Controversies in Healthcare Innovation. Service, Technology and Organization, , s. 75-106. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55780-3_4

• Klakegg, Ole Jonny; Swärd, Anna , Torp, Olav, Jordanger, Ingemund & langeland, hilje (2018)
  Usikkerhetsstyring og samhandling i byggeprosjekter

  [Report Research]. Bygg 21

• Hoholm, Thomas; Strønen, Fred H., Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn & Støme, Linn Nathalie (2018)
  Developing Organizational Amidexterity: Enabling Service Innovation in a Hospital Setting

  Controversies in Healthcare Innovation. Service, Technology and Organization, , s. 341-368. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55780-3_13

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  In Chapter 13, Hoholm et al. discuss controversies in the healthcare sector by studying the nature of innovation projects at the Clinic of Innovation at Oslo University Hospital and its efforts to improve organizational ambidexterity in the area of service innovation. This includes more room for exploration, and improving their capacity to translate and exploit service innovations in use. Using the notions of ‘exploration’ and ‘exploitation’ (March, Organization Science 2:71–87,1991) the authors show how successful innovation requires two different organizational capacities and discuss how a complex knowledge organization like a hospital may increase its ability to handle both, often referred to as ‘organizational ambidexterity’ (Junni et al., The Academy of Management Perspectives 27:299–312, 2013). The authors propose three conditions for driving ambidexterity: organizational responsibilities and roles, provisional evaluation methods, and systematic cross-case learning.

• Torp, Olav; Bølviken, Trond, Aslesen, Sigmund, Fritzsønn, Lars Petter, Haagensen, Åse, Lombardo, Sebastiano & Saltveit, Tobias (2018)
  Is integration of Uncertainty Management and The Last Planner System a good idea?

  Proceedings of The 26th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, , s. 658-668. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24928/2018/0218 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  The Last Planner System (LPS) is a tool for project planning and control, and is an important contribution from Lean Construction. LPS focuses on scheduling, task coordination and time management. Uncertainty Management (UM) is a key element in Project Management, where uncertainty is the totality of opportunities (potential upsides) and risks (potential downsides). UM addresses all types of uncertainty (related to cost, time, quality, scope, safety, customer satisfaction, company reputation, etc.). The aim of UM is to exploit the opportunities and reduce the risks. Two construction companies involved in this research are working with both LPS and UM. One has extensive experience with LPS, but less experience with UM. The other has extensive experience with UM, but less experience with LPS. Two questions are raised and discussed in the paper: 1. Could project planning and control be improved by an integration of LPS and UM? 2. If yes, how could LPS and UM be integrated to improve project planning and control? The paper proposes a conceptual model where UM tools are integrated in the plan and meeting structure of LPS. The model is to be tested in forthcoming case studies.

• Fossum, Guro Haugen; Lindbæk, Morten, Gjelstad, Svein & Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn (2018)
  Relationship between Maternal and First Year of Life Dispensations of Antibiotics and Antiasthmatics

  Antibiotics, 7(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7030084 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Antibiotics are the most frequent prescription drugs used by pregnant women. Our objective was to investigate if the dispensation of antibiotics and antiasthmatics in children less than 1 year of age is associated with prenatal antibiotic exposure. A secondary aim was to explore the incidence of dispensed antibiotics in pregnancy and dispensed antibiotics and antiasthmatics in children. We conducted an observational study using the Peer Academic Detailing study database to select patients eligible for match in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, a total of 7747 mother-and-child pairs. Details on antibiotic and antiasthmatic pharmacy dispensations were obtained from the Norwegian Prescription Database. One quarter (1948 of 7747) of the mothers in the study had been dispensed antibiotics during pregnancy. In their first year of life, 17% (1289) of the children had had an antibiotic dispensation, 23% (1747) an antiasthmatic dispensation, and 8% (619) of the children had had both. We found a significant association between dispensed antibiotics in pregnancy and dispensed antibiotics to the child during their first year of life; OR = 1.16 (95% CI: 1.002–1.351). The association was stronger when the mothers were dispensed antibiotics at all, independent of the pregnancy period; OR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.32–1.94). We conclude that the probability for dispensation of antibiotics was increased in children when mothers were dispensed antibiotics, independent of pregnancy. Diagnostic challenges in the very young and parental doctor-seeking behavior may, at least in part, contribute to the association between dispensations in mothers and children below the age of one year.

• Fossum, Guro Haugen; Gjelstad, Svein, Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn & Lindbæk, Morten (2018)
  Prescribing antibiotics when the stakes are higher — do GPs prescribe less when patients are pregnant? A retrospective observational study

  British Journal of General Practice Open, 2(2) , s. 1-12. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen18X101505 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Background Most oral antibiotics are prescribed by GPs, and they are therefore the most important influencers with regard to improving antibiotic prescription patterns. Although GPs’ prescription patterns in general are well-studied, little is known about antibiotic prescription patterns in pregnancy. Aim To study GPs’ antibiotic prescriptions in respiratory tract infections (RTIs) during pregnancy, and assess differences, if any, between pregnant and non-pregnant patients. Design & setting Retrospective observational study combining prescription data from the Norwegian Peer Academic Detailing (Rx-PAD) study database, pregnancy data from the Norwegian birth registry, and pharmacy dispension data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). Method Records of patient contacts with 458 GPs, between December 2004 and February 2007, were screened for RTI episodes. Similar diagnoses were grouped together, as were similar antibiotics. Episodes were categorised according to whether the patient was pregnant or not, and included women aged 16–46 years. Logistic regression models were used to assess odds ratios (ORs), and calculated relative risks (cRRs) were produced. The authors also adjusted for clustering at various levels. Results Overall prescription rate for RTI episodes was 30.8% (n = 96 830). The cohort was reduced to include only episodes with women pregnant in the study period (n = 18 890). The antibiotic prescription rate in pregnancy was 25.9% versus 34.2% in the time before and after pregnancy (cRR = 0.66 [95% confidence intervals {CI} = 0.68 to 0.81]). During pregnancy, 83.0% of the antibiotic prescriptions were picked up at a pharmacy, compared to an 86.6% filling rate in non-pregnant patients. The difference was not significant when adjusting for clustering at the patient level. Conclusion Norwegian GPs prescribe fewer antibiotics overall when patients are pregnant and, when they do prescribe, choose more narrow spectrum antibiotics for RTIs. This indicates a possible lower target rate for GP prescriptions to females. A low antibiotic dispension rate during pregnancy may represent a discussion topic in the consultation setting, to address possible reasons and avoid under-treatment.

• Lunde, Pernille; Nilsson, Birgitta Blakstad, Bergland, Astrid, Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn & Bye, Asta (2018)
  The effectiveness of smartphone apps for lifestyle improvement in noncommunicable diseases: Systematic review and meta-analyses

  Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR), 20(5) , s. 1-12. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9751 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for 70% of all deaths in a year globally. The four main NCDs are cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic pulmonary diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Fifty percent of persons with NCD do not adhere to prescribed treatment; in fact, adherence to lifestyle interventions is especially considered as a major challenge. Smartphone apps permit structured monitoring of health parameters, as well as the opportunity to receive feedback. Objective: The aim of this study was to review and assess the effectiveness of app-based interventions, lasting at least 3 months, to promote lifestyle changes in patients with NCDs. Methods: In February 2017, a literature search in five databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Research Premier, and Cochrane Reviews and Trials) was conducted. Inclusion criteria was quantitative study designs including randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials that included patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed with any of the four main NCDs. Lifestyle outcomes were physical activity, physical fitness, modification of dietary habits, and quality of life. All included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration`s risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses were conducted for one of the outcomes (glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c) by using the estimate of effect of mean post treatment with SD or CI. Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 test. All studies included in the meta-analyses were graded. Results: Of the 1588 records examined, 9 met the predefined criteria. Seven studies included diabetes patients only, one study included heart patients only, and another study included both diabetes and heart patients. Statistical significant effect was shown in HbA1c in 5 of 8 studies, as well in body weight in one of 5 studies and in waist circumference in one of 3 studies evaluating these outcomes. Seven of the included studies were included in the meta-analyses and demonstrated significantly overall effect on HbA1c on a short term (3-6 months; P=.02) with low heterogeneity (I2=41%). In the long term (10-12 months), the overall effect on HbA1c was statistical significant (P=.009) and without heterogeneity (I2=0%). The quality of evidence according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation was low for short term and moderate for long term.

• Lu, Ren; Reve, Torger, Huang, Jing, Jian, Ze & Chen, Mei (2018)
  A literature review of cluster theory: Are relations among clusters important?

  Journal of economic surveys, 32(4) , s. 1201-1220. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12255

  Vis sammendrag

  Having reviewed 1259 papers on cluster theory, we find that current cluster studies primarily discussed cluster phenomena from either a microlevel or mesolevel. We argue that studying relations among clusters would increase our understanding of clusters, and such a research topic is worth becoming a new research orientation for cluster theory.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard (2018)
  Collaborative organizational forms: on communities, crowds, and new hybrids

  Journal of Organization Design, 7(11) , s. 1-21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-018-0036-3 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  In this article, I examine collaborative organizational forms in terms of their institutional properties and the mechanisms by which they solve the universal problems of organizing. Based on three ideal forms—markets, hierarchies, and communities—I propose a framework for analyzing and mapping organizational forms. The framework expands our understanding of the ideal forms and derives a set of analytically distinct hybrids at the intersection of the ideal types. The framework also specifies the main conditions that drive organizations to change form and move toward another hybrid or ideal form. The theoretical review of collaborative organizational forms is illustrated and informed by three empirical cases of new forms within the domains of drug discovery, software development, as well as professional services. Further, I discuss plural forms and the role of hierarchy in collaborative forms. Finally, I outline implications for research and practice in terms of comparative analysis of organizational forms, the role of crowds, as well as the interplay between new technologies and new organizational forms.

• Colman, Helene Loe & Rouzies, Audrey (2018)
  Postacquisition Boundary Spanning: A Relational Perspective on Integration

  Journal of Management, 45(5) , s. 2225-2253. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318759400

• Wang, Pengfei & Jensen, Michael (2018)
  A Bridge Too Far: Divestiture as a Strategic Reaction to Status Inconsistency

  Management science, 65(2) , s. 859-878. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2964

• Adarkwah, Gilbert Kofi (2018)
  Protecting investment in Emerging Markets

  [Professional Article]. Risk Consulting Magazine, 10(1)

• Revang, Øivind & Olaisen, Johan Leif (2018)
  Facilitating Knowledge Work for Dynamic Value Creation - A Semantic Approach

  Proceedings IFKAD..., , s. 1282-1293.

• Olaisen, Johan Leif & Revang, Øivind (2018)
  A comparative philosophy of science study of IFKAD papers 2016 and 2017

  Proceedings IFKAD..., , s. 1189-1202.

• Aadland, Erik; Cattani, Gino & Ferriani, Simone (2018)
  Friends, Cliques and Gifts: Social Proximity and Recognition in Peer-Based Tournament Rituals.

  Academy of Management Journal, 62(3) , s. 883-917. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.0437

• Olsen, Per Ingvar & Håkansson, Håkan (2017)
  The roles of deals and business networks in innovation processes

  The IMP Journal, 11(1) , s. 25-50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-02-2016-0003 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the roles of deals in innovations processes, based on the definition of a deal as the interaction of social-material value-creating processes with money-handing processes. Design/methodology/approach:The paper is based on a study of the historical emergence of transaortic valve implantation (TAVI) as an innovative new technology in the area of thoracic surgery in a global setting. The study is based on a combination of interviews and secondary data analysis. Findings:The authors found that deals play important roles in innovation processes as critical junctions that mark entries to different phases and generate major shifts in location as well as combination of resources, activities and actors. These shifts include radical changes in control, where actors in possession of resources necessary to bring the project through the next phase, move in to take control – thereby expanding their businesses to new growth niches. Based on the analysis of seven deals, the authors argue that the innovation process is a combined push and pull process where later stage entrepreneurial interests play very significant roles. Deals may also represent radical turning points and moves of the projects that set the project off in a different direction, usually also associated with shifting ownership control rights through the innovation and scaling process. The authors also argue that inventions in the periphery will tend to move to the areas with the most competent relevant business networks capable of adopting and expanding the innovation to a global business operation. The innovation process is not primarily about creating new resources and activities, but about recombining existing resources, competencies and activities. Supplier networks play particularly important roles in these processes. Research limitations/implications: The authors suggest that the study indicates that IMP researchers should turn more attention to studying business deals and financial flows and influences – in particular in studies of innovations and innovation processes – to investigate the mechanisms by which new innovations interact with and transform existing business networks. Social implications: This work highlights why and how an innovation that may initiate anywhere in the periphery, will tend to move to the most competent and capable networks around the globe, that are the most relevant to the needs of the innovation project. Hence, the more powerful business networks and eco-systems will tend to pull interesting inventions in from their periphery, and grow them effectively. Originality/value: The paper expands the efforts in IMP theorizing to include financial/monetary interactions more explicitly into business network theory. It also aims at clarifying core IMP arguments toward entrepreneurship research, in particular research on international new ventures.

• Andersen, Espen & Sannes, Ragnvald (2017)
  Hva er digitalisering?

  Magma forskning og viten, 20(6) , s. 18-24. - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  Digitalisering er blitt et moteord, men hva er det, hvorfor er det viktig nå, og hva kommer det til å gjøre med forretningsstrategi, organisasjonsprosesser og samfunnsforhold? I denne artikkelen diskuterer vi sammenhengen mellom teknologiutvikling, forretningsbetingelser og hvordan organisasjoner og samfunn vil og bør respondere i form av nye, digitale strategier.

• Swärd, Anna (2017)
  Samhandling i samferdselsprosjekter

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Denne rapporten presenterer resultater fra forskningsprosjektet «Samhandling i samferdselsprosjekter», som ble utført ved Senter for byggenæringen ved Handelshøyskolen BI fra september 2013 til desember 2016. Prosjektet har vært finansiert av partnerne i Policygruppa for bransjekontakt og Handelshøyskolen BI. Målsetningen for prosjektet har vært å beskrive og analysere samhandlingsprosessen slik den utføres på samferdselsprosjekter i regi Statens Vegvesen (SVV). Det har vært gjort en komparativ studie av 14 prosjekter hvor målsetningen har vært å beskrive hva som foregår i praksis, hva som påvirker det man faktisk gjør, og effektene av de ulike måtene å gjennomføre samhandlingen på. Dette har vært en kombinasjon av avsluttede prosjekter, pågående prosjekter, samt at noen har blitt fulgt fra start til slutt. Det har blitt brukt kvalitative vitenskapelige metoder. Resultatene er vurdert opp mot og satt i sammenheng med tidligere forskning og teori. Det er foretatt 48 intervjuer og 20 dager med observasjoner. Jeg vil med dette rette en stor takk til intervjupersonene som har tatt seg tid til å bidra i studien og for den åpenhet de har vist. Jeg vil takke de som har finansiert studien: Statens Vegvesen, EBA, MEF, Jernbaneverket, RIF, AF-gruppen, Arkitektbedriftene, og Handelshøyskolen BI. En spesiell takk til Jan-Eirik Henning fra Statens Vegvesen som har vært min kontaktperson og har bistått med tilgang på prosjekter og med nyttige innspill underveis. Studien har gitt et innblikk i hva utfordringene er med samhandling i anleggsprosjekter og hva som skal til for å få til god samhandling.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2017)
  The US and the International Professionalization of Top-Managers

  [Report Research]. Rockefeller Archive Center Research Reports

• Haanæs, Knut & Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik (2017)
  Which business models are most affected by digital?

  [Popular Science Article]. The Smart Manager,

• Iurkov, Viacheslav & Benito, Gabriel R G (2017)
  Domestic Alliance Formation and the Foreign Divestment Decisions of Firms

  Progress in International Business Research, 12, s. 517-538. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-886220170000012004

• Tomassen, Sverre (2017)
  Liabilities of distance: Governance cost dynamics in MNE headquarters-subsidiary relationships

  Progress in International Business Research, 12, s. 445-470. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-886220170000012023

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard (2017)
  Agency problems and governance mechanisms in collaborative communities

  Strategic Organization, 15(2) , s. 141-173. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127016653727

  Vis sammendrag

  Collaborative communities—where participants collaboratively solve problems and integrate their contributions—are increasingly popular organizational forms in a wide variety of domains. As with any cooperative effort, communities involve differential interests and information asymmetries, creating potential agency problems. I undertake an exploratory multiple-case study of four communities within the domains of enterprise information technology, sustainable products and services, drug discovery, and digital marketing and communication. I find that agency relationships in the collaborative communities are characterized by three distinct multiple-agency structures: commons, team production, and brokering. These are governed by four main categories of mechanism: (1) mutual monitoring, enabling self-regulation and peer-based control; (2) membership restrictions, regulating admission to the community; (3) values and rules, guiding member action and collaboration; and (4) property rights and incentives, regulating rights to community resources and distribution of rewards. I also identify contingencies between governance mechanisms and agency problems.

• Wilberg, Erik (2017)
  Large Classes: Better Results with Blended Learning

  Journal of International Doctoral Research, 5(1) , s. 9-27.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2017)
  Norske toppledere og deres utdanningsbakgrunn i 2016

  [Professional Article]. Magma forskning og viten, 20(5) , s. 64-69.

• Wilberg, Erik (2017)
  Strategi i praksis

  Fagbokforlaget

• Huemer, Lars (2017)
  Strategizing in horizons and verizons: Distinguishing between mediators and firms' mediating functions.

  The IMP Journal, 11(2) , s. 274-288. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/imp-12-2015-0069 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Purpose The study has two related objectives. At the firm level of analysis, the author proposes that a clearer distinction between firms’ mediating functions and mediators could enhance the understanding of business network strategizing. Whereas firms’ mediating functions have received attention in IMP research, less focus has been given to organizations whose core business is mediation. At the system level of analysis, the study complements the perception of a network horizon with that of a network verizon. Whereas the horizon is closely associated with work on firms’ mediating functions, the network verizon is of particular interest to mediators. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual study combines IMP insights with strategic management theory. Findings The notion of a network horizon is important for business network strategizing, but also influences the perception of relevant network structures. These structures tend to be characterized by sequential interdependencies and a long-linked technology, often associated with physical products and production facilities. The notion of a network verizon highlights a network “depth” that has been unnoticed by previous work, which has focused on how narrow or wide a firm’s network horizon should be. The network horizon and the network verizon add strategizing options in terms of connecting key actors in the network to create additional value. Originality/value This paper concerns how IMP scholars understand boundaries and firms, and how perceptions of these influence business network strategizing. The study articulates a distinction between firms’ mediating functions and those organizations that fundamentally create value through mediating services. This distinction has system-level implications. In particular, the claim that the basis for a firm’s strategizing is its network horizon is discussed. The author proposes the notion of a “network Verizon,” providing a boundary perception of specific relevance to mediators. The network verizon portrays a network depth beyond both sequential tiers in a supply chain and links between different supply chains.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2017)
  Nathan the Wise: Addressing Enlightenment, Wisdom, and Tolerance

  Journal of Business Ethics Education, 14 Doi: https://doi.org/10.5840/jbee2017149

• Iurkov, Viacheslav & Benito, Gabriel R G (2017)
  Domestic Alliance Networks and Regional Strategies of MNEs: A Structural Embeddedness Perspective

  Journal of International Business Studies, 49(8) , s. 1033-1059. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0089-5 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  We draw on a social network perspective to explain multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) propensity to distribute their operations unevenly across various regions of the world. We focus on how the positioning of MNEs in their domestic network of strategic alliances affects their geographic scope, i.e., whether they concentrate on their home region or expand beyond it. We theorize that embeddedness in alliance networks constitutes a double-edged sword to the geographic scope of MNEs. Strong embeddedness in domestic alliance networks drives the development of location-bound firm-specific advantages (FSAs), which may narrow down MNEs’ geographic scope. In contrast, moderate embeddedness leads to more non-location-bound FSAs, which reduce liability of foreignness, and hence motivate MNEs to widen their geographical scope. We thus predict a non-linear relationship between domestic alliance network embeddedness and MNE geographic scope. Furthermore, the impact of the domestic alliance network on MNE geographic scope hinges on the organizational ability to efficiently and effectively absorb resources stemming from the network. We test our hypotheses using FDI data from 302 US MNEs in the information and communication technology industry for the period of 2001–2008, and generally find robust support for the hypothesized relationships.

• Huemer, Lars (2017)
  Everything is one? Relationships between First nations and salmon farming companies

  Indigenous aspiration and rights: The case for responsible business and management, , s. 129-141. Doi: https://doi.org/10.9774/gleaf.9781783533244_12

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2017)
  Det Romsdalske Practiske Landhuusholdnings-Sælskab og opplysningstida, 1773-1790

  Årbok / Romsdalsmuseet, , s. 40-55.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2017)
  Executive Education and the Managerial Revolution: The Birth of Executive Education at Harvard Business School

  Business History Review, 90(4) , s. 671-690. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007680517000010

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  The managerial revolution drove the rise of business schools in the United States and business schools contributed by graduating professional managers. Before World War II, however, the effect of an MBA degree was modest, causing great concern to leading business schools. Harvard Business School—in order to increase this impact—began in the mid-1920s to develop nondegree programs for potential top executives. In 1945, by drawing on the experiences of certain short-lived programs and the extraordinary situation during the war, Harvard Business School launched its Advanced Management Program, which became a global role model for executive education.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2017)
  The Potential Use of Sociological Perspectives for Business Ethics Teaching

  Journal of Business Ethics, , s. 1-15. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3636-x

• Benito, Gabriel R G (2017)
  When do Companies Locate their Corporate Headquarters Abroad?

  [Popular Science Article]. EIBAzine, (21) , s. 7-9.

• Swärd, Anna & Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2017)
  Lean Construction i et Strategisk perspektiv

  Lean Construction. Forstå og forbedre prosjektbasert produksjon, , s. 403-413.

• Swärd, Anna (2017)
  Konkurrenter og samarbeidspartnere samtidig- er tillit mulig og er det nødvendig?

  [Popular Science Article]. Magasinet Prosjektledelse, 1, s. 29-31.

• Sannes, Ragnvald & Andersen, Espen (2017)
  Er norske bedrifter digitale sinker? :

  Magma forskning og viten, 20(6) , s. 43-53. - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  I denne artikkelen spør vi om norske bedrifter er digitale sinker. Dette belyses gjennom en internasjonal spørreundersøkelse til IT-direktører i store selskaper i Asia, Nord-Amerika, Europa, Sverige og Norge. Dataene viser at det er store forskjeller mellom bedrifter i hver region, men også at skandinaviske bedrifter i gjennomsnitt er på etterskudd. I artikkelen bruker vi forskjellene i gjennomsnittstall som basis for en generell diskusjon om forskjellen på digitale mestre og sinker. Norske bedrifter er i varierende grad truffet av dette, men alle bedrifter som ikke er digitale mestre, vil ha nytte av drøftingen i artikkelen.

• Swärd, Anna (2017)
  Kontroll er bra - tillit bedre? :

  Magma forskning og viten, 20(2) , s. 27-34.

• Wilberg, Erik (2017)
  Young Media Use

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2017)
  Toward a conceptualization of supplier-switching processes in business relationships

  Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 23(1) , s. 40-53. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2016.04.007

• Wilberg, Erik (2017)
  Gøy på landet: Mediekilder og -utvikling i bykommuner og landkommuner fra 2011 til 2016.

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Hoholm, Thomas & Araujo, Luis (2017)
  Innovation policy in an interacted world: The critical role of the context

  No Business is an Island: Making Sense of the Interactive Business World, , s. 105-121. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-549-820171006

• Pryke, Stephen; Badi, Sulafa & Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2017)
  Editorial for the special issue on social networks in construction

  Construction Management and Economics, 35(8-9) , s. 445-454. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2017.1341052

• Brønn, Peggy Simcic; Buhmann, Alexander, Sannes, Ragnvald & Torp, Øyvind (2017)
  Successful use of technology in corporate communications

  [Popular Science Article]. Communication for Leaders, 4(2) , s. 6-7.

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2017)
  The Co-creation of business knowledge as societal meaning in project teams

  Proceedings IFKAD..., 1, s. 460-473.

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2017)
  The dynamics of intellectual property rights for trust, knowledge sharing and innovation in project teams

  International Journal of Information Management, 37(6) , s. 583-589. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.05.012

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2017)
  Trivialism or pluralism in knowledge management research in the 21st century: Making knowledge management creative and relevant

  Proceedings IFKAD..., 1, s. 749-761.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard; Amico, Richard & Thomas, Robert J. (2017)
  Partnering with Al: How organizations can win over skeptical managers

  Strategy & Leadership, 45(1) , s. 37-43. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/SL-12-2016-0085

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  Purpose: According to the authors’ research, while top-level executives look forward to the potential of artificial intelligent systems in their firms, line managers are much more skeptical. This article advises on implementation strategy. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on findings from Accenture’s survey of 1,770 managers in 14 countries and interviews with 37 senior executives responsible for digital transformation, the authors have identified patterns in managers’ attitudes and offer strategies for effective adoption of the new technology. Findings: When managers have a say and involvement in initial training efforts, they gain a sense of ownership throughout the learning process as well as familiarity with intelligent systems. Practical implications: The introduction of AI will put a premium on “soft” skills such as collaboration, creativity and good judgment, which may be just as important, if not more important, than technical skills in the future. Originality/value: The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) promises to transform the nature of work and the relationship among human beings and machines in organizations. When the authors asked whether leaders would be comfortable with AI monitoring and evaluating their work, 42 percent of the top managers in our survey strongly agreed, while only 15 percent of first-line managers shared the same sentiment.” This research discovered that top executives cannot assume that mid- and lower-level managers will share their appreciation for AI.

• Hennestad, Bjørn Wessel & Revang, Øivind (2017)
  Endringsledelse og Ledelsesendring – fra plan til praksis

  Universitetsforlaget

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2017)
  The dynamics of business knowledge as societal meaning for creativity in teams (revisited version)

  Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, 2, s. 788-797.

• Eriksson, Kent; Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik & Jónsson, Sara P. (2017)
  Transaction services and SME internationalization: The effect of home and host country bank relationships on international investment and growth

  International Business Review, 26(1) , s. 130-144. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.06.001

• Olaisen, Johan Leif & Revang, Øivind (2017)
  Working smarter and greener: Collaborative knowledge sharing in virtual global project teams

  International Journal of Information Management, 37(1) , s. 1441-1448. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.10.002

• Lusoli, Alberto & Sardo, Stefania (2017)
  Build it and They will Come: Analysis of an Online Deliberation Initiative

  Planext: Next Generation Planning, 4, s. 41-57. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24306/plnxt.2017.04.004 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Public and private investments are increasingly being directed towards the development of ICTs for the construction of more inclusive and connected communities. Labelled as Collective Awareness Platforms (CAPs) under the European Seventh Framework Program, these initiatives explore the possibility of tackling societal issues relying on digitally-mediated citizen cooperation. As their diffusion increases, it is important to critically reflect on the extent to which they can effectively trigger forms of engagement and sustainable collaboration within and through digital artefacts. Among the associated risks is the furthering of a technocratic understanding of how collaborative processes work, based on the assumption that the introduction of CAPs would be a sufficient condition for the construction of inclusive and engaged communities. In this respect, this contribution investigates a case in which a digital platform was implemented with the aim of promoting citizens’ deliberation on urban-related issues. This experiment is analyzed by 1) assessing whether the platform functioned as a deliberative space; 2) tracking the negotiation processes of the digital artefacts’ functionalities occurring among initiative’s organizers, platform developers, and participants. The goal of the paper is to understand how different understandings and unexpected usages of the digital platform affected the deliberation process and therefore the initiative’s outcomes.

• Håkansson, Håkan & Snehota, Ivan (2017)
  The significance of business relationships

  No Business is an Island: Making Sense of the Interactive Business World, , s. 1-25. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-549-820171001

• Prasad, Bhaskar & Junni, Paulina (2017)
  Understanding top management team conflict, environmental uncertainty and firm innovativeness: Empirical evidence from India

  International Journal of Conflict Management, 28(1) , s. 122-143. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-02-2016-0006

• Wang, Pengfei; Vrande, Vareska Van de & Jansen, Justin (2017)
  Balancing exploration and exploitation in inventions: Quality of inventions and team composition

  Research Policy, 46(10) , s. 1836-1850. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.09.002

• Schlierer, Hans Jörg & Brinkmann, Johannes (2017)
  The Use of Online Resources for Teaching Business Ethics: A Pilot Project, a Framework, and Recommendations

  Journal of Business Ethics Education, 14 Doi: https://doi.org/10.5840/jbee20171413

• Håkansson, Håkan & Snehota, Ivan (2017)
  Interactivity in Business Networks

  No Business is an Island: Making Sense of the Interactive Business World, , s. 275-287. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-549-820171015

• O'Brien, Jonathan & Sasson, Amir (2017)
  A contingency theory of entrepreneurial debt governance

  Journal of Business Research, 81, s. 118-129. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.08.011 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Access to debt can be crucial for entrepreneurs who need capital. Embedding economic ties within a social relationship with the debt provider can ensure capital availability and attenuate opportunism. However, such a relationship requires substantial investments in time and effort. We advance a solution to this entrepreneurial conundrum by proposing a contingency theory which prescribes aligning the fundamental transactional properties (i.e., asset specificity, uncertainty and frequency) with the nature of the entrepreneur-bank relationship (i.e., embedded versus arm's length). Our theory predicts that transactional properties affect the optimal governance of the entrepreneur-bank relationship, and that social embeddedness can transform what looks like a market transaction (e.g., a debt transaction) into a hybrid form of governance more akin to a hierarchy. Using a sample of small businesses in the U.S., we find that congruence between the optimal governance structure and the actual governance structure results in higher firm performance

• Rygh, Asmund & Benito, Gabriel R G (2017)
  Capital Structure of Foreign Direct Investments: A Transaction Cost Analysis

  MIR. Management International Review: journal of international business, 58(3) , s. 389-411. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-017-0335-x - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Transaction cost theory (TCT) plays a major role in theorizing about the boundaries of the multinational enterprise (MNE), and is increasingly being applied to intra-MNE governance. We apply TCT to capital structure decisions for MNE subsidiaries. According to TCT, equity and debt are not just financial instruments, but alternative governance structures. Equity is useful for projects involving specific assets that do not serve well as collateral, and for knowledge intensive activities where information asymmetry and public good issues make external financing more costly. We study under what conditions MNE headquarters may wish to partially re-introduce market mechanisms inside the MNE through the use of external or internal debt to finance subsidiaries. This can allow economizing on governance costs and strengthen subsidiary manager incentives, but may be inappropriate if subsidiary assets are MNE-specific or subsidiary-specific. Empirically testable propositions are developed.

• Wilberg, Erik & Matthiesen, Stig Berge (2017)
  Redaktører i Omstilling: Faktorer som påvirker et høyt jobbengasjement

  Norsk medietidsskrift (NMT), 24(4) , s. 19-19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.0508-9535-2017-04-03 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  Norske redaktører er stort sett tilfreds med og er engasjert i jobben, men kjenner større usikkerhet i den digitale verden. Vår spørreskjemaundersøkelse til redaktørene i norske mediehus belyser ulike hendelser i utviklingen i mediebransjen og følelser, krav og forventninger i arbeidssituasjonen. Videre tar analysen for seg i hvilken grad redaksjonene er forberedt på de endringer man nå ser. Jobbengasjement analyseres i forhold til endringstrykk og rolleavklaring. Resultatene viser at det er ulikheter i vurderingen av eksternt trykk, roller og syn på ledelse. I mange tilfeller er det også forskjell mellom overordnede og underordnede redaktører. Analysen viser også at proaktive redaksjoner har høyere score på transformasjonsledelse og mindre på rollekonflikter. Det er klare positive sammenhenger mellom et transformasjonsorientert ledelsessyn, klarhet i lederrollen og jobbengasjementet.

• Prasad, Bhaskar & Junni, Paulina (2017)
  A contingency model of CEO characteristics and firm innovativeness: The moderating role of organizational size

  Management Decision, 55(1) , s. 156-177. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2016-0071

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  Purpose Ample evidence suggests that firm innovativeness is important for firm competitiveness. Despite the significance of the CEO for firm outcomes in general, the role of the CEO in firm innovativeness remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the impact of two CEO characteristics – organizational identification and risk propensity – on firm innovativeness. The authors also adopt a contingency view to examine the moderating role of organizational size. Design/methodology/approach Using data from 159 information technology firms based in India, the authors hypothesize that CEO organizational identification and risk propensity will have a positive effect on firm innovativeness. The authors further hypothesize that smaller organizations will benefit more from the positive effects of CEO organizational identification and CEO risk propensity. Findings The empirical findings indicate that CEO organizational identification and risk propensity positively influence firm innovativeness. Also positive effects of CEO organizational identification and CEO risk propensity are more in smaller organizations. Originality/value This study highlights the role of CEO characteristics in the pursuit of firm innovativeness. Significantly, the study shows that both CEO organizational identification and risk propensity can enhance firm innovativeness. However, their effectiveness is contingent on organizational size.

• Håkansson, Håkan & Snehota, Ivan (2017)
  No Business is an Island: Making Sense of the Interactive Business World

  Emerald Group Publishing Limited

• Rubach, Synnøve; Hoholm, Thomas & Håkansson, Håkan (2017)
  Innovation networks or innovation within networks

  The IMP Journal, 11(2) , s. 178-206. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-09-2015-0057

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  Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a longitudinal case study of a regional innovation policy initiative, in which ideas with regard to how innovation might be facilitated were changing over time. Through the scrutiny of insights in industrial network studies (IMP), the authors seek to shed light on the challenges created by policy interventions aimed at constructing complementary networks for the facilitation of innovation. That is to say, the authors endeavour to understand the interfaces between innovation networks and industrial networks, and the way in which they may influence innovation. Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on a longitudinal case study of four successive regional innovation projects in Norway. Data are drawn from relevant policy documents and project documentations, as well as from participatory observation of application processes and project activities. Findings: This study shows that regional innovation policy concerns first and foremost the interaction within and between relatively established diverse networks, which affects both structuring and restructuring. Changes in innovation policy required the re-configuring of constellations of business networks, research networks and policy networks. All initiatives required mobilisation input by persistent actors – often boundary organisations or researchers. The construction of innovation networks served as an instrument in the production of new interfaces between businesses, researchers and policy makers. The use and usefulness of these networks as perceived by the business actors were heavily influenced by the way in which the networks were configured. Research limitations/implications: Generalisation based on in-depth qualitative case research requires further testing across similar and varying cases, and there have hitherto been relatively few studies of the interfaces between industrial and innovation networks. Despite this it can be argued that the conceptual distinction between constructed and emerging networks is a productive one in the study of networked innovation dynamics. During the research into this longitudinal case, it has been interesting to observe the way in which innovation research, and thus its influence on innovation policy, has changed over time. It would be beneficial if further studies were to be conducted on the way in which this has played out. Practical implications: The administration of the public funding of innovation network activities requires great care. Where innovation policy initiatives are closely related to established industrial networks, it may be possible to strengthen innovation dynamics, challenge established practices and conceptions, and contribute to expanding, or even initiate innovation activities. In the first place, new activities need to be initiated in a way that supports the long-term development of actual business networks; and second, innovation policy bodies should be prepared to stimulate activity over longer periods of time. Originality/value:This paper engages in, and combines, two parallel and rarely interacting debates on, respectively, innovation within innovation policy (innovation systems, clusters, networks) and industrial network studies (IMP and others). The authors make an “ideal type” distinction between alternative “constructed” networks and “emerging” networks, and the way in which they influence innovations.

• Revang, Øivind & Olaisen, Johan (2017)
  The use of Knowledge Sources to Create Absorptive Capacity–A Case Study

  Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, , s. 833-840.

• Hennestad, Bjørn Wessel & Revang, Øivind (2017)
  Endringsledelse og ledelsesendring (E-bok)

  Universitetsforlaget

• Rocca, Antonella La & Snehota, Ivan (2017)
  Business Models in Business Networks – How do they emerge ?

  The IMP Journal, 11(3) , s. 398-416. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-07-2017-0039

• Waluszewski, Alexandra; Håkansson, Håkan & Snehota, Ivan (2017)
  Researching the interactive business world: Interplay of Research Object, Methodology and Theory

  No Business is an Island: Making Sense of the Interactive Business World, , s. 195-212. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-549-820171011

• Aslesen, Heidi; Hydle, Katja Maria & Wallevik, Kristin (2017)
  Extra-regional linkages through MNCs in organizationally thick and specialized RISs: a source of new path development?

  European Planning Studies, 25(3) , s. 443-461. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1273322

• Munksgaard, Kristin; Olsen, Per Ingvar & Prenkert, Frans (2017)
  Boundaries of Business Actors and Networks - Theoretical and Methodological Reflections

  No Business is an Island: Making Sense of the Interactive Business World, , s. 213-233. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-549-820171012

• Ørjasæter, Nils-Otto; Kirchhoff, Sindre, Moland, Ole, Hansen, Lise Amy, Almqvist, Frida & Kistorp, Kaja Misvær (2017)
  Avstandsoppfølging: Rapportering av foreløpige målinger

  [Report Research]. Helsedirektoratet

• Kolltveit, Bjørn Johannes; Reve, Torger, Hennestad, Bjørn Wessel & Grønhaug, Kjell (2017)
  Strategic renewal through large projects - Building a new campus

  Beta – Scandinavian Journal of Business Research, 31(2) , s. 138-158. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-3134-2017-02-03

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  This paper reports extensive and longitudinal data on how a large campus project led to strategic renewal in a university organization. The research team followed the project from its start to its completion and had unlimited access to all archival project data. The success factors were a strategic project perspective focusing on innovation, opportunities and strategic decision involvement at top-management and board levels, and creating ownership for implementation through flexible project organization and an extensive project participation process.

• Martin, Roman; Aslesen, Heidi, Grillitsch, Markus & Herstad, Sverre Johan (2017)
  Regional innovation systems and global knowledge flows

  [Report Research]. CIRCLE

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  The literature on regional innovation systems emphasizes the role of the region as locus for interactive learning and knowledge exchange, stressing the importance of (geographical) proximity for innovation (Asheim and Gertler 2005). Even though the importance of extra-regional knowledge is widely acknowledged (Trippl et al. 2015), there has been only little emphasis on the particular role and the nature of global knowledge flows. The aim of this chapter is to explore the differentiated nature of global knowledge flows in regional innovation systems. We provide an overview of the different ways firms can gain access to global knowledge sources. Identified knowledge sourcing channels include international R&D collaborations, foreign direct investments, personally embedded relationships, international mobility of skilled labour, virtual communities and online platforms, and the participation in temporary clusters such as fairs, exhibitions, and conferences (Maskell et al. 2006, Aslesen and Sardo 2016). Depending on regional innovation system preconditions, firms use and combine different knowledge sourcing channels to access global knowledge. Firms in organisationally thick and diversified regional innovation systems have a geographical advantage in accessing knowledge globally, but even firms in peripheral areas can exchange knowledge worldwide, due to improved means of transport and communication at distance. Furthermore, not only multinational companies that are dominated by analytical or synthetic knowledge bases, but even small and medium sized enterprises in symbolic industries are often deeply involved in global knowledge sourcing activities. We illustrate our arguments with interview data collected among New Media firms in southern Sweden and in the Oslo Region in Norway

• Rocca, Antonella La & Hoholm, Thomas (2017)
  Coordination between primary and secondary care: the role of electronic messages and economic incentives

  BMC Health Services Research, 17(149) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2096-4 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Background In Norway, a government reform has recently been introduced to enhance coordination between primary and secondary care. This paper examines the effects of two newly introduced measures to improve the coordination: an ICT-based communication tool/standard and an economic incentive scheme. Method This qualitative study is based primarily on 27 open-ended interviews. We interviewed nine employees at a hospital (the focal actor), 17 employees from seven different municipalities, and a representative of a Regional Health Authority. Results ICT-based communication is perceived to facilitate information exchange between primary and secondary care, thus positively affecting coordination. However, the economic incentive scheme appears to have the opposite effect by creating tensions between the two organizations and accentuating power asymmetry in favor of secondary care. Conclusions The inter-organizational nature of coordination in health care makes it crucial for policymakers and management of care organizations to conceive incentives and instruments that work jointly across organizations rather than at only one of the health care organizations involved. Such an approach is likely to favor a more symmetrical pattern of collaboration between primary and secondary care.

• Wong, Sut I; Solberg, Elizabeth, Junni, Paulina & Giessner, Steffen Robert (2017)
  The role of human resource management practices in mergers & acquisitions

  Mergers and Acquisitions in Practice, , s. 138-161.

• Aslesen, Heidi & Pettersen, Inger Beate (2017)
  Entrepreneurial firms in STI and DUI mode clusters: do they need differentiated cluster facilitation?

  European Planning Studies, 25(6) , s. 904-922. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1300238

• Aarikka-Stenroos, Leena; Jaakkola, Elina, Harrison, Debbie & Mäkitalo-Keinonen, Tiina (2017)
  How to manage innovation processes in extensive networks: A longitudinal study

  Industrial Marketing Management, 67, s. 88-105. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.09.014

• Havenvid, Malena Ingemansson & Rocca, Antonella La (2017)
  New Business Development in Business Networks

  No Business is an Island: Making Sense of the Interactive Business World, , s. 87-103. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-549-820171005

• Sikora, Adam Tomasz; Zajac, Stanislaw & Nybakk, Erlend (2017)
  Assessment of forestry contractors activities in the forests of the Beskidy Mts [Ocena dzialalnosci firm lesnych w lasach beskidzkich]

  Sylwan, 161(6) , s. 443-450.

• Tellnes, Gunnar; Christie, Werner H & Leeber, Ingunn (2017)
  Helsefremmende samhandling - NaKuHel gir nye muligheter i folkehelsearbeidet

  [Popular Science Article]. Utposten, 46(5) , s. 28-31.

• Abrahamsen, Morten H.; Havenvid, Malena Ingemansson & Rocca, Antonella La (2017)
  Researching the Interactive Business Landscape

  No Business is an Island: Making Sense of the Interactive Business World, , s. 253-273. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-549-820171014

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  In this chapter, the authors focus on three challenges related to the attributes of the interactive business world and on the related implications for methodology. The first challenge is how to capture the continuity of business relationships, which implies: (1) Taking a two-sided (bilateral) view when researching business relationships, (2) collecting data on content and consequences of business relationships and (3) developing a research design to capture development over time. The second challenge is how to set boundaries and trace network-like structures, which implies: (1) identifying the relevant relationships that appear to affect each other in a network-like manner, (2) capturing interdependences among relationships (how they affect each other) and (3) researching forces generating network dynamics (how these interdependencies are established and change over time). The third challenge is how to observe and research interaction processes in business relationships, which leave little traces and are difficult to record. This requires the attention on (1) the choice of point(s) of observation, (2) the handling of the subjective understanding of interaction and (3) researching how interaction unfolds. The authors conclude with a discussion on the complexity of handling these challenges, and related methodological choices, when ‘research objects’ are interconnected.

• Rocca, Antonella La; Snehota, Ivan & Harrison, Debbie (2017)
  Starting-up: relating to a context in motion

  Starting Up in Business Networks Why Relationships Matter in Entrepreneurship, , s. 77-105. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52719-6_4

• Sarala, Riikka M.; Vaara, Eero & Junni, Paulina (2017)
  Beyond merger syndrome and cultural differences: New avenues for research on the “human side” of global mergers and acquisitions (M&As)

  Journal of World Business, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2017.10.001

• Rocca, Antonella La; Öberg, Christina & Hoholm, Thomas (2017)
  When start-ups shift network – notes on start up journey

  Starting Up in Business Networks Why Relationships Matter in Entrepreneurship, , s. 107-136. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52719-6_5

• Skjølsvik, Tale; Pemer, Frida & Løwendahl, Bente R. (2017)
  Strategic management of professional service firms: Reviewing ABS journals and identifying key research themes

  Journal of Professions and Organization, 4(2) , s. 203-239. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpo/jox005

• Nicolini, Davide; Mørk, Bjørn Erik, Masovic, Jasmina & Hanseth, Ole (2017)
  Expertise as trans-situated: the case of TAVI

  Skillful performance : enacting capabilities, knowledge, competence, and expertise in organizations, , s. 27-49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806639.003.0002

• Aaboen, Lise; Rocca, Antonella La, Lind, Frida, Perna, Andrea & Shih, Tommy (2017)
  Starting Up in Business Networks Why Relationships Matter in Entrepreneurship

  Palgrave Macmillan

• Strønen, Fred H.; Hoholm, Thomas, Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn & Støme, Linn Nathalie (2017)
  Dynamic Capabilities and Innovation Capabilities: The Case of the ‘Innovation Clinic’

  Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI), 13(1) , s. 89-116. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7341/20171314 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  In this explorative study, we investigate the relationship between dynamic capabilities and innovation capabilities. Dynamic capabilities are at the core of strategic management in terms of how firms can ensure adaptation to changing environments over time. Our paper follows two paths of argumentation. First, we review and discuss some major contributions to the theories on ordinary capabilities, dynamic capabilities, and innovation capabilities. We seek to identify different understandings of the concepts in question, in order to clarify the distinctions and relationships between dynamic capabilities and innovation capabilities. Second, we present a case study of the ’Innovation Clinic’ at a major university hospital, including four innovation projects. We use this case study to explore and discuss how dynamic capabilities can be extended, as well as to what extent innovation capabilities can be said to be dynamic. In our conclusion, we discuss the conditions for nurturing ‘dynamic innovation capabilities’ in organizations.

• Rubach, Synnøve; Guvåg, Bjørn, Giskeødegaard, Marte Fanneløb, Larsen, Øyvind Heimset, Nesse, Jon Gunnar, Rønningsbakk, Bernt & Meland, Kjersti V. (2017)
  Oppsummeringsrapport for VRI 3 forskningsprosjekt RECIN: Regional Challenges and possibilities – Innovation and value creation in business Networks

  [Report Research]. Østfoldforskning

• Skjølsvik, Tale; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild, FOSSTENLØKKEN, Siw Marita, Revang, Øivind, Strønen, Fred H., Hærem, Thorvald, Hydle, Katja Maria, Breunig, Karl Joachim & Pemer, Frida (2017)
  Obituary: Professor Bente R. Løwendahl (1958-2017)

  Journal of Professions and Organization, (4) , s. 89-90. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpo/jox007

• Rocca, Antonella La; Hoholm, Thomas & Mørk, Bjørn Erik (2017)
  Practice theory and the study of interaction in business relationships: Some methodological implications

  Industrial Marketing Management, 60, s. 187-195. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.04.002

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  Research on customer–supplier relationships in business markets has evidenced the centrality of interaction processes. However, while several studies examine interaction processes and their consequences in relation to the resource and activity layers of business relationships, the actor layer has not attracted the same attention. This raises the question: how adequate are our methodological approaches for investigating interaction processes in business networks? In this paper, we examine how practice-based approaches, with their preference for ethnography and techniques such as multi-site observations and analytical interviewing and treating actors as emergent entities, can help orient the research on business interaction. We argue that some of the themes emerging in practice-based approaches, applied to studies of interaction in business networks, could yield a better understanding of the dynamics of organizing across organizational boundaries. We conclude that research on interaction in business relationships would benefit from (1) zooming in and zooming out of multiple sites of interaction to better understand interaction processes and the role of controversies and interdependences among the different interacting roles; (2) including fluid multiple roles in business relationships that treat actors as emergent entities and transcend the ‘fixed’ conceptualization of two actor levels – individual and organizational; and (3) paying major attention to the reproduction of interaction practices and the role of materiality that permit relationships to be temporarily stabilized.

• Homøe, Preben; Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn, Casey, Janet R., Damoiseaux, Roger A.M.J., Dongen, Thijs M.A. van, Gunasekera, Hasantha, Jensen, Ramon G., Kvestad, Ellen, Morris, Peter S. & Weinreich, Heather M. (2017)
  Panel 1: Epidemiology and Diagnosis

  Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (OTO), 156(4) , s. S1-S21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599816643510

• Stavem, Knut; Kristiansen, Håvard, Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug, Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn & Russell, Michael Bjørn (2017)
  Association of excessive daytime sleepiness with migraine and headache frequency in the general population

  The Journal of Headache and Pain, 18(35) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-017-0743-0 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  Background: Some previous studies have postulated an association between migraine and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). This study evaluated the association of EDS with migraine and headache frequency in a general population, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Methods: The study was a postal survey of a random age and gender-stratified sample of 40,000 persons aged 20 to 80 years old drawn by the National Population Register in Norway. The questionnaire included questions about migraine, headache, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and various comorbidities. EDS was defined as ESS > 10. The association of EDS and migraine/headache were analysed by bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 21,177 persons responded to the ESS and were included in the analyses. The odds ratio (OR) for EDS was increased for migraineurs (1.42 (95% CI 1.31─1.54), p < 0.001) compared to non-migraineurs; however, this finding was not significant after adjustment for a number of possible confounders. EDS increased with increasing headache frequency, with an OR of 2.74 (95% CI 2.05─3.65), p < 0.001) for those with headache on >179 days per year compared to those without headache in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: In a general population, the odds for EDS increased significantly with the headache frequency, irrespective of migraine status. EDS was not associated with reported migraine in multivariable analysis.

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2017)
  Making ORDINARY People Deliver EXTRAORDINARY Results

  BI Leadership Magazine, , s. 14-15.

• Larsen, Marcus Møller; Seppälä, Timo & Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki (2017)
  The changing geography and ownership of value creation: evidence from mobile telecommunications

  Industry and Innovation, 25(7) , s. 675-698. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2017.1329086 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  Through an innovative trade-in-task case study, we explore how Nokia, which is historically one of the most important mobile phone manufacturers in the world, offshored the development and production of three distinct mobile phones at three different points in time. Adjacent to these processes, we find that the value creation in areas such as design and manufacturing knowledge has rapidly shifted away from advanced economies to emerging economies. Moreover, we find that the value added captured by Nokia decreased dramatically over the studied time period. Based on our results, we uss more generally the challenge of multinational corporations to preserve value and how the realisation of the benefits of offshoring must be assessed with respect to the altered requirements for controlling value-adding activities.

• Snow, Charles C.; Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik & Langer, Arthur M (2017)
  Designing the digital organization

  Journal of Organization Design, 6(7) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-017-0017-y - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  Increasingly, organizations are assessing their opportunities, developing and delivering products and services, and interacting with customers and other stakeholders digitally. Mobile computing, social media, and big data are the drivers of the future workplace, and these and other digitally based technologies are having large economic and social impacts, including increased competition and collaboration, the disruption of many industries, and pressure being put on organizations to develop new capabilities and transform their cultures. In this article, we provide a conceptual framework for the design of effective digital organizations. Our framework is predicated on the current state of digitization across diverse sectors of the global economy. In the digital world, all activities and transactions leave digital marks, and all actors, things, and places can be reached and affected digitally. As a result, we can design for self-organization rather than using hierarchical mechanisms for control and coordination. Such designs require the strategic and cultural alignment of digital technologies within the organization and externally with stakeholders. We propose that “actor-oriented” principles are at the heart of designing digital organizations and that, if properly applied, can result in a workplace where organization members are highly engaged and productive.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard (2017)
  Kunstig intelligens og lederens nye jobb

  Magma forskning og viten, 2017(6) , s. 33-42.

  Vis sammendrag

  Kunstig intelligens (Artificial Intelligence, AI), IT-applikasjoner som kan sanse, forstå, handle og lære, forventes å få stor innvirkning på alle deler av arbeidslivet, også for ledere på alle nivåer. Denne studien fokuserer på hvordan kunstig intelligens kommer til å påvirke lederes jobb, og hvordan ledere og virksomheter kan forberede seg. Den er basert på en spørreundersøkelse blant 1 770 ledere i 14 land og intervjuer med 37 toppledere med ansvar for digitalisering. Vi finner at ledere bruker over halvparten av tiden sin på administrative oppgaver som intelligente maskiner kan gjøre for dem i fremtiden. Etter hvert som administrative rutineoppgaver automatiseres, blir oppgaver som krever dømmekraft, kreativitet og sosial kompetanse, stadig viktigere. Intelligente systemer vil spille en viktig rolle her også, men da som støtte, korrektiv og sparringpartner. Vi finner signifikante variasjoner i holdninger og forventninger til AI på tvers av ledernivåer og geografi, noe som kan få betydelige implikasjoner for hvordan virksomheter kan og bør ta i bruk slike teknologier. Nordiske ledere er blant de mest skeptiske til å ta i bruk og stole på kunstig intelligens. Implikasjonene oppsummeres i fem konkrete råd til ledere og virksomheter.

• Lunnan, Randi; Tomassen, Sverre & Benito, Gabriel R G (2016)
  Exploring Subsidiaries’ Perceptions of Corporate Headquarters: Subsidiary Initiatives and Organizing Costs

  Perspectives on Headquarters – Subsidiary Relationships in the Contemporary MNC, , s. 165-189. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1064-485720160000017007

• Løwendahl, Bente R. (2016)
  Strategi og ledelse i profesjonsdominerte virksomheter

  Profesjon og ledelse, , s. 99-119.

• Ramsøy, Ole Jakob; Reve, Torger & Nordkvelde, Marius (2016)
  Offshorerederiene: Konsolidering eller konkurs

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

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  Offshore rederiene har i en årrekke tatt på seg for høy gjeld i et forsøk på å holde tritt med den vedvarende økende etterspørselen på norsk sokkel. Samtidig oppstod en slags «ettbenthet» i næringen der nesten alt fokus var lagt på offshore olje og gass næringen der marginene og inntjeningen var størst. Innovasjonene som ble lansert, var banebrytende, og de norske offshore rederiene på Vestlandet var verdensledende teknologisk og operasjonelt, med den mest komplette klyngen i verden. Da oljeprisen falt kraftig i 2014, fulgte inntjeningen til rederiene med ned, da de ikke hadde flere ben å stå på. Samtidig beholdt de den skyhøye gjeldsgraden. Dette har skapt krisen de i dag befinner seg i. Offshorerederiene og de andre aktørene i maritim-offshore klyngen er i dag nødt til å omstille seg for å videreutvikle klyngen på Vestlandet. I motsatt fall står den maritime klyngen på Sunnmøre i fare for å degenerere. Et slikt senario vil være ytterst dramatisk for hele Vestlandet. De maritime aktørene på Vestlandet er nødt til å diversifisere gjennom et større fokus på flere havnæringer, her eksemplifisert gjennom de fremvoksende sjømat og offshore vind. Klyngen har vært tjent med en nær kontakt i alle ledd i klyngen, rederne kjenner verftene, skipsdesignerne, utstyrsprodusentene, serviceleverandørene og resten av klyngen. Prosjektet «Offshorerederiene: Konsolidering eller konkurs» er gjennomført på vegne av GCE Blue Maritime, med Professor Torger Reve som Forskningsleder, Marius Nordkvelde som prosjektleder og Ole Jakob Ramsøy som prosjektkoordinator og analytiker.

• Luzzi, Alessandra & Sasson, Amir (2016)
  Individual Entrepreneurial Exit and Earnings in Subsequent Paid Employment

  Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 40(2) , s. 401-420. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12225

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  We study earnings of individuals who exit entrepreneurship for paid employment. We find mean (median) positive rewards from entrepreneurship in subsequent paid employment relative to matched employees. Rewards are higher for former entrepreneurs hired in highly innovative sectors. We also find that the performance of the exited firm is a strong predictor of the earnings premium for former entrepreneurs when the firm performed well, while we do not find median discounts for entrepreneurs exiting low performing firms. We use registry data that encompass the population of firms and individuals in the Norwegian economy.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2016)
  Ledelse som profesjon i Norge - fagkompetanse versus ledelseskompetanse

  Profesjon og ledelse, , s. 233-254.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard; Amico, Richard & Thomas, Robert J. (2016)
  The promise of artificial intelligence: Redefining management in the workforce of the future

  [Report Research]. Accenture Institute for High Performance

• Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2016)
  Trust processes in inter-organizational relations – The role of imprinting

  Trust, Organizations and Social Interaction. Studying Trust as Process within and between Organizations,

• Ramsøy, Ole Jakob; Reve, Torger & Nordkvelde, Marius (2016)
  The oil price challenges: Strategic responses of the Norwegian offshore industry

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  The underlying idea of this research project is to analyze strategic responses of the Norwegian offshore oil and gas supplier industry to the 2014 oil price crisis and set recommendations for moving forward. Through interviews with industry leaders, we pay special attention to industry responses across different segments of the value chain and compare company strategies and actions. The research study is a continuation of the previous work conducted by Torger Reve’s research team at BI Norwegian Business School focusing more on strategic development processes in the Norwegian offshore industry amid the current oil price challenges.

• Reve, Torger & Nordkvelde, Marius (2016)
  Et kunnskapsbasert Norgen 2.0

  [Report Research]. Foreninen Norden

• Grøgaard, Birgitte (2016)
  Flip Factory Inc. Teaching Note Ontario, Canada: IVEY Publishing (case number 8B16M071).

  [Report Research]. IVEY Publishing

• Grøgaard, Birgitte (2016)
  Flip Factory Inc. Ontario, Canada: IVEY Publishing (case number 9B16M071).

  [Report Research]. IVEY Publishing

• Sasson, Amir & Johnson, John Chandler (2016)
  The 3D printing order: variability, supercenters and supply chain reconfigurations

  International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 46(1) , s. 82-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-10-2015-0257

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  Purpose: Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM) is conceived of as either disrupting the entire manufacturing economy or merely enabling novel production. Between these extremes, we introduce an alternative where DDM coexists with and complements traditional mass production. When multiple parts run across one manufacturing line, DDM can isolate variability associated with low volume part production and may be preferred to mass production despite being expensive. If DDM complements rather than cannibalizes mass production, this alters our understanding of who adopts DDM, the products built with DDM, and DDM’s long-term supply chain implications. Design/methodology/approach: This invited article explores a DDM rollout scenario and qualitatively assesses potential supply chain reconfigurations. Findings: Our analysis recognizes that existing manufacturers with heterogeneous bills-of-material may develop DDM capabilities to isolate disruptive, low-volume production from scalable mass production. Developing DDM competence and raw material scale advantages, these manufacturers become the locus of change in a manufacturing landscape increasingly characterized by multi-product DDM supercenters. Originality/Value: Extant research largely focuses on two potential reasons for DDM adoption: cost-per-unit and time-to-delivery comparisons. We explore a third driver: DDM’s capacity to isolate manufacturing variability attributable to low volume parts. Relative to the extant literature, this suggests a different DDM rollout, different adopters, and a different supply chain configuration. We identify mass manufacturing variability reduction as the mechanism through which DDM may be adopted. This adoption trajectory would eventually enable a supply chain transition in which spare parts inventory migrates from finished goods at proprietary facilities to raw materials at generalized DDM supercenters.

• Mikhailova, Olga & Olsen, Per Ingvar (2016)
  Internationalization of an academic invention through successive science-business networks: The case of TAVI

  Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 14(3) , s. 441-471. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-016-0186-8

  Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this paper is to explain how new technology ventures move, grow, and scale. Such ventures internationalize much faster than depicted by the traditional Uppsala model (Johanson and Vahlne, J Int Bus Stud 8:23–32, 1977; Johanson and Vahlne, Mark Rev 7(4), 1990; Johanson and Vahlne, J Int Entrep 1:83–101, 2003; Johanson and Vahlne, Manag Int Rev 46:165–178, 2006; Oviatt and McDougall, J Int Bus Stud 25:45–64, 1994). According to the Uppsala model, the main reason it takes time is that entrepreneurs need to build networks and learn. Many scholars have investigated how they may be able to learn faster and grow networks more effectively. While these explanations contribute to a better understanding of the process, they appear disturbingly insufficient. By means of an in-depth case study, we aim at identifying how learning and network-building constraints may be circumvented. We have investigated the internationalization process of an invention at a Danish university hospital that became a new technology within minimally invasive heart surgery. While the invention took place in the periphery of the international medical network, the venture circulated to the most competent international science-business networks to mobilize resources and competencies. We found that its ability to succeed resulted from its roots in international academic networks and its connecting to core nodes in these as well as in adequate business networks—including, in particular, Venture Capital firms that are in the business of developing and scaling such technology ventures. We also found that the innovation process evolved through phases that called for different resources and capabilities. It thereby offered opportunities for actors, networks, and companies that control such capabilities to move in to take control and pull the venture through the next phase. The process is less like a long distance run, and more like a relay race. This radically reduces the need to learn as the new venture expands and scales.

• Reve, Torger & Nordkvelde, Marius (2016)
  The oil price challenge: Strategic response of the Norwegian offshore industry

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2016)
  Trust, reciprocity, and actions: The development of trust in temporary inter-organizational relations

  Organization Studies, 37(12) , s. 1841-1860. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840616655488

• Reve, Torger; Nordkvelde, Marius & Ramsøy, Ole Jakob (2016)
  The Norwegian Offshore Supply Industrty: Consolidation or Bankruptcy

  [Report Research]. BI Norwegian Business School

• Wenstøp, Fred (2016)
  Flermålsanalyse som alternativ til nyttekostnadsanalyse

  Investeringsprosjekter og miljøkonsekvenser, , s. 208-223.

• Lunnan, Randi; Tomassen, Sverre & Benito, Gabriel R G (2016)
  Exploring subsidiaries’ perceptions of corporate headquarters: Subsidiary initiatives and organizing costs

  Research in Global Strategic Management, 17, s. 165-189. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1064-485720160000017007

• Wang, Xiaobei; Persson, Kurt Gøran & Huemer, Lars (2016)
  Logistics Service Providers and value creation through collaboration: A case study

  Long Range Planning, 49(1) , s. 117-128. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2014.09.004

  Vis sammendrag

  Logistics service provider (LSP) strategy and value creation is a cooperative endeavor. The study focuses on how LSPs create value by taking advantage of being connected and exploring the presence of various forms of interdependence. Using a single case study and a framework addressing network externalities and the concept of value logic interaction, we identify three types of collaborative value creation; distributive, functional and systemic. Whereas the fundamental logic of the LSP is mediation in terms of performing a distributive service, it is also subject to externalities in its functional and systemic value creation initiatives. LSPs are thereby portrayed as strategic entities dealing with a set of interdependencies in order to facilitate value creation in their networks. These firms need a rather advanced understanding of different types of economies and forms of collaboration to succeed. The study also associates different types of LSPs with the identified types of collaborative value creation.

• Håkansson, Håkan & Waluszewski, Alexandra (2016)
  "Methodomania”? On the methodological and theoretical challenges of IMP business research,

  The IMP Journal, 10(3) , s. 443-463. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-01-2016-0001

• Lu, Ren; Ruan, Min & Reve, Torger (2016)
  Cluster and co-located cluster effects: An empirical study of six Chinese city regions

  Research Policy, 45(10) , s. 1984-1995. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.07.003

  Vis sammendrag

  We study how industrial clusters in three different life phases both influence and moderate total factor productivity (TFP) of other co-located industries or clusters. A multilevel regression model is applied to panel data, 1993–2012, from the Pearl River Delta, China. Our empirical results show that emerging clusters have negative effects on other co-located industries’ or clusters’ TFP while mature clusters have positive effects. Emerging clusters positively moderate TFP, while mature clusters negatively moderate TFP of other co-located industries or clusters; declining clusters only have direct positive impact on TFP of other co-located industries or clusters.

• Reve, Torger & Sølvell, Ørjan (2016)
  The Nordics: Partners in Innovation?

  [Report Research]. innovativenordics.com

• Lombardo, Sebastiano & Cabiddu, Francesca (2016)
  What's in it for me? Capital, value and co-creation practices

  Industrial Marketing Management, 61, s. 155-169. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.06.005

  Vis sammendrag

  Marketing research is increasingly concerned with the practices through which service providers and their customers interact and how these practices influence value co-creation. Applying S-D logic and drawing on practice theory developed in sociology research in past decades,we propose a definition of value in terms of the coexistence of diverse forms of capital and currency variations.We then develop a conceptual model to explain value co-creation in terms of service provider–customer interaction practices (SPCI practices). We employ an extensive, qualitative study in the context of professional service firms. Our findings reveal three general categories of SPCI practices (access to capital, capital exploitation and capital attrition) that affect value co-creation. These insights move forward business-to-business marketing theory and practice, advancing our understanding of how service provider–customer interaction practices can be used to define value propositions and assess the types and amount of value that are co-created.

• Håkansson, Håkan & Ford, David (2016)
  The managerial challenge of business interaction: behind the market façade

  The IMP Journal, 10(1) , s. 154-171. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-06-2015-0032

• Grøgaard, Birgitte & Colman, Helene Loe (2016)
  Interpretive Frames as the Organization’s “Mirror”: From Espoused Values to Social Integration in MNEs

  MIR. Management International Review: journal of international business, 56(2) , s. 171-194. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0273-4

  Vis sammendrag

  Many multinational enterprises (MNEs) seek to strengthen their competitive positions through internal integration. Socialization is a key integration mechanism to leverage advantages spread across MNEs’ geographically dispersed organizational units. Parent organizations often communicate a set of values intended to guide action throughout the MNE, referred to as espoused values, to initiate a socialization process. However, we have limited insights into how espoused values are endorsed and subsequently contribute to MNE integration. Through a case study, we analyze how espoused values are interpreted by the foreign subsidiaries and influence subsequent subsidiary behavior. Our findings suggest that the socialization process is complex, where the local context and perceptions of headquarter nationality provide the frames for interpretation. We identify that even though the espoused values may differ in their operationalization in local contexts, they can still contribute to MNE integration. This study contributes to existing MNE literature by conceptualizing the role of interpretive frames and the endorsement of values in achieving integration through espoused values.

• Meyer, Klaus E. & Benito, Gabriel R G (2016)
  Where do MNEs locate their headquarters? At home!

  Global Strategy Journal, 6(2) , s. 149-159. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1115

  Vis sammendrag

  We discuss the concept of corporate headquarters and outline a simple model of where MNEs locate their corporate headquarters. In line with substantial empirical evidence, this model emphasizes the inertial forces that tie MNEs to the location where they have historically first been established. We then aggregate our analysis to the national level to identify the determinants of the number of MNE headquarters in a given country. On that basis, we offer a critique of the study by Coeurderoy and Verbeke [this issue], and outline directions for future research.

• Prasad, Bhaskar & Junni, Paulina (2016)
  CEO transformational and transactional leadership and organizational innovation: The moderating role of environmental dynamism

  Management Decision, 54(7) , s. 1542-1568. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2014-0651

• Benito, Gabriel R G; Rygh, Asmund & Lunnan, Randi (2016)
  The Benefits of Internationalization for State-Owned Enterprises

  Global Strategy Journal, 6(4) , s. 269-288. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1138

  Vis sammendrag

  Plain language summary: We investigate whether listed state-owned enterprises (SOEs) benefit more from internationalization than listed private enterprises. We argue that SOEs have a greater scope for benefitting from internationalization due to their previous domestic focus and because of government-related firm-specific advantages they can utilize for their internationalization. In listed SOEs, these factors may matter more than non-economic objectives and corporate governance deficiencies that could reduce SOEs’ economic benefits from internationalization. Empirical analysis on a sample of listed Norwegian firms provides modest support for the hypotheses. There is no indication that state ownership reduces the benefits of internationalization. Technical summary: We consider state ownership as a moderator of the relationship between internationalization and performance in listed firms, developing theoretical arguments on the scope for benefits from internationalization, corporate governance, and government-related firm-specific advantages. We propose hypotheses on a positive moderation effect from state ownership overall and on more positive effects in majority state-owned enterprises (SOEs) than in minority SOEs, on more positive effects in SOEs previously part of the government administration, and on more positive effects from market-seeking internationalization than from efficiency or resource-seeking internationalization. Panel data analyses considering listed Norwegian firms (2000 to 2010) provide modest support for the hypotheses. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.

• Ditlev-Simonsen, Caroline Dale & Wenstøp, Fred (2016)
  Attitudes towards ethical pension management among Norwegians

  Beta – Scandinavian Journal of Business Research, 30(2) , s. 100-118. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN.1504-3134-2016-02-01

• Anzoise, Valentina & Sardo, Stefania (2016)
  Dynamic systems and the role of evaluation: The case of the Green Communities project

  Evaluation and Program Planning, 54(Feb.-16) , s. 162-172. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.07.010

  Vis sammendrag

  The crucial role evaluation can play in the co-development of project design and its implementation will be addressed through the analysis of a case study, the Green Communities (GC) project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Environment within the EU Interregional Operational Program (2007–2013) “Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency”. The project's broader goals included an attempt to trigger a change in Italian local development strategies, especially for mountain and inland areas, which would be tailored to the real needs of communities, and based on a sustainable exploitation and management of the territorial assets. The goal was not achieved, and this paper addresses the issues of how GC could have been more effective in fostering a vision of change, and which design adaptations and evaluation procedures would have allowed the project to better cope with the unexpected consequences and resistances it encountered. The conclusions drawn are that projects should be conceived, designed and carried out as dynamic systems, inclusive of a dynamic and engaged evaluation enabling the generation of feedbacks loops, iteratively interpreting the narratives and dynamics unfolding within the project, and actively monitoring the potential of various relationships among project participants for generating positive social change.

• Harrison, Debbie & Kjellberg, Hans (2016)
  How users shape markets

  Marketing Theory, 16(4) , s. 445-468. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593116652004

  Vis sammendrag

  The purpose of this article is to elaborate conceptually on the user–market relationship. Existing research reports a limited user–market relationship, which simultaneously exaggerates and underplays user influence on markets. Assuming a constructivist market studies (CMS) perspective, we argue that the scope of the user–market relationship is broader than developing offers and uses. We conceptualize market shaping as five interrelated subprocesses in which users may be involved as agents: qualifying goods, fashioning modes of exchange, configuring actors, establishing market norms and generating market representations. The extent of user influence in these subprocesses is likely to vary both within a specific market and across markets. By identifying conditions conducive to user involvement in each subprocess, we lay the foundation for empirical research into how users shape markets.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Swärd, Anna Sundberg & Vaagaasar, Anne Live (2016)
  Coordinating in construction projects and the emergence of synchronized readiness

  International Journal of Project Management, 34(8) , s. 1479-1492. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.08.006

• Larsen, Marcus Møller & Lyngsie, Jacob (2016)
  Ambiguous adaptation: The effect of contract duration and investments in relational mechanisms on premature relationship termination

  Long Range Planning, 50(6) , s. 794-808. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2016.11.006

• Wenstøp, Søren Henrik & Wenstøp, Fred (2016)
  Operational research virtues in the face of climate change

  EURO Journal on Decision Processes, 4(1-2) , s. 53-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40070-016-0057-5

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  This paper argues that the virtue of righteousness sustained by raw emotions can explain the apparent deadlock of the climate change debate, and proposes virtues that are more conducive to consequential action. The expectation that operational researchers are virtuous is based on an honorable tradition. Virtues are even more important now, especially in the context of climate change where a public debate is unfolding; in which deniers and believers accuse each other of lack of virtue. Scientists are in the midst of the debate whether they like it or not. Rational multi-criteria decision processes require deliberation involving values infused by temperate emotions, not to be caught up by strong emotions from righteous affect. They also require an instrumentality directed at practical engagement with physical reality. The origin of all values is raw affects in the emotional centers of our ancestral brains, which power the virtues that make us righteous, as well as the tempered qualitative feelings that are necessary for sound decision-making. Different communities nurture different self-reinforcing righteous positions, explaining why a meaningful climate change debate often gets side-tracked. Scientists are not exempt from righteousness but are in a position to dampen its effect by nurturing virtues that promote good science when they deal with climate related issues. In this article we identify several virtues that we believe are conducive for scientists’ work with mitigation and adaption. For example is important to be humble and avoiding hubris in geoengineering. And with regards to recovery and restoration of nature it is important to be open and accommodative with ecological sensitivity, care and patience. In general, work with mitigation and adaption requires respect for people, respect for science, accuracy and concern. A scientist should also have the courage to speak out about facts and thereby contribute to a more temperate and informed public debate. Thus courage and factualism are also important virtues.

• Abrahamsen, Morten H. & Håkansson, Håkan (2016)
  Market policy and destructive network effects

  The IMP Journal, 10(2) , s. 195-220. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-09-2015-0052

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  This paper analyses how different policy perspectives or logics regarding industry organising affect network interaction, with particular focus on how the availability of resources is organised To examine this we compare two cases from the Norwegian seafood industry: In the pelagic industry, the main resource (mackerel) is caught at sea by fishing vessels and trade is restricted by an auction system, whereas in the salmon industry, the main resource (farmed salmon) is an industrial product produced at fish farms and there are no such restrictions. Our results indicate that conditions under which resources are available to a network have strong effects on connected relationships: In the pelagic industry, interaction in the network becomes supplier-directed in an attempt to reduce the uncertainty created by unstable and restricted availability of resources, whereas in the salmon industry the interaction becomes customer-directed as resource availability is stable and predictable. Here the actors can broaden the scope of interaction and they can direct their efforts to solve their customers’ problems, whereas this is difficult in the pelagic industry. We conclude that policy considerations play a major role in these effects. If the resource (fish) is seen as a commodity and the interaction is seen as a market mechanism, the policies designed to facilitate the exchange of resources will be beneficial for the actors directly involved, but may have unintended negative consequences for indirect relationships. For policy makers this implies that whenever developing an industrial policy there are strong reasons to look beyond the single transaction in order to create policies that are effective and/or beneficial for all involved and connected parties.

• Axelsson, Björn & Håkansson, Håkan (2016)
  The role of owners in industrial networks – the case of a steel producer

  The IMP Journal, 10(2) , s. 276-295. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-09-2015-0051

• Kriger, Mark P. & Zhovtobryukh, Yuriy (2016)
  Strategic Leadership for Turbulent Times

  Palgrave Macmillan

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Swärd, Anna Sundberg & Vaagaasar, Anne Live (2016)
  Hva skal til for å få til effektiv koordinering mellom bedrifter i store komplekse prosjekter?

  [Popular Science Article]. Prosjektledelse, 4, s. 25-27.

• Revang, Øivind & Olaisen, Johan (2016)
  Dynamic Organizational Development – The Role of Data, Information and Knowledge

  Proceedings IFKAD..., 11, s. 712-725.

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2016)
  Virtual Global Teams as Value Creating Tools for Knowledge Sharing and Innovation (revised version)

  Proceedings IFKAD..., 11, s. 1122-1136.

• Evers, Natasha; Cunningham, James & Hoholm, Thomas (2016)
  International entrepreneurship in universities: Context, emergence and actors

  Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 14(3) , s. 285-295. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-016-0188-6

• Andersson, Ulf; Athreye, Suma & Batsakis, Georgios (2016)
  Complementarity and Substitution in the Knowledge Networks of R&D Subsidiaries

  Perspectives on Headquarters – Subsidiary Relationships in the Contemporary MNC, , s. 247-274. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1064-485720160000017010

• Randers, Jørgen; Göluke, Ulrich, Wenstøp, Fred & Wenstøp, Søren (2016)
  A user-friendly earth system model of low complexity: the ESCIMO system dynamics model of global warming towards 2100

  Earth System Dynamics (ESD), 7(4) , s. 831-850. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-831-2016 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  We have made a simple system dynamics model, ESCIMO (Earth System Climate Interpretable Model), which runs on a desktop computer in seconds and is able to reproduce the main output from more complex climate models. ESCIMO represents the main causal mechanisms at work in the Earth system and is able to reproduce the broad outline of climate history from 1850 to 2015. We have run many simulations with ESCIMO to 2100 and beyond. In this paper we present the effects of introducing in 2015 six possible global policy interventions that cost around USD 1000 billion per year – around 1 % of world GDP. We tentatively conclude (a) that these policy interventions can at most reduce the global mean surface temperature – GMST – by up to 0.5 °C in 2050 and up to 1.0 °C in 2100 relative to no intervention. The exception is injection of aerosols into the stratosphere, which can reduce the GMST by more than 1.0 °C in a decade but creates other serious problems. We also conclude (b) that relatively cheap human intervention can keep global warming in this century below +2 °C relative to preindustrial times. Finally, we conclude (c) that run-away warming is unlikely to occur in this century but is likely to occur in the longer run. The ensuing warming is slow, however. In ESCIMO, it takes several hundred years to lift the GMST to +3 °C above preindustrial times through gradual self-reinforcing melting of the permafrost.

• Sarala, Riikka, M.; Junni, Paulina, Cooper, Cary L & Tarba, Shlomo (2016)
  A Sociocultural Perspective on Knowledge Transfer in Mergers and Acquisitions

  Journal of Management, 42(5) , s. 1230-1249. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314530167

• Aslesen, Heidi & Isaksen, Arne (2016)
  Clusters initiatives, open innovation and knowledge bases

  Handbook on the Geographies of Innovation, , s. 155-168.

• Breunig, Karl Joachim & Lombardo, Sebastiano (2016)
  A longitudinal exploration of ambidextrous knowledge dynamics in professional service firms

  Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, 17, s. 109-117.

• Rocca, Antonella La; Hvidsten, Adeline & Hoholm, Thomas (2016)
  Making innovations work locally: the role of creativity

  Capitalizing on creativity at work: Fostering the implementation of creative ideas in organizations, , s. 258-269.

• Samset, Knut Fredrik & Wenstøp, Fred Erling (2016)
  Smarte Valg

  NKI-forlaget

• Havenvid, Malena Ingemansson; Håkansson, Håkan & Linné, Åse (2016)
  Managing renewal in fragmented business networks

  The IMP Journal, 10(1) , s. 81-106. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-06-2015-0023

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: We argue that the construction industry is characterised by a fragmented business context with three main features: the project-based character, the strong focus on price in all parts of the supply chain along with the great importance of suppliers. This fragmentation has been identified as problematic for the industry’s ability to innovate and engage in renewal. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this further by focusing on how construction companies manage renewal in a fragmented business context. Design/methodology: We use an in-depth case study of a housing project in Sweden to discuss how firms manage renewal in a fragmented type of business environment. We identify the challenge of achieving renewal in an individual construction company as an issue of handling intra- and inter-organisational issues in both intra- and inter-project environments. Findings: Our case study indicates that renewal can be partly handled and managed through long-term business relationships and partly through opening up to new business relationships. Moreover, innovations and learning developed in other projects can be used in the focal project, and due to a repetitive task it is possible for the construction company to use a core network of individuals and organisations to enhance overall renewal among actors. Limitations: The study needs to be supported by further empirical observations. The paper encourages IMP scholars to further investigate projects from an industrial network approach. Originality/value: The paper addresses why firms in fragmented (project-based) businesses might struggle with achieving renewal in a novel way by outlining and investigating four organisational challenges they must handle.

• Andersson, Ulf; Dasi, Ángels, Mudambi, Ram & Pedersen, Torben (2016)
  Technology, innovation and knowledge: The importance of ideas and international connectivity

  Journal of World Business, 51(1) , s. 153-162. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.08.017

• Havenvid, Malena Ingemansson; Håkansson, Håkan & Linné, Åse (2016)
  Economic deals in the construction industry: Implications for socio-material interaction and monetary processes,

  The IMP Journal, 10(3) , s. 364-389. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-08-2015-0047

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between social-material interaction and the monetary aspects of business relationships in the construction industry. The authors term the formal financial agreements necessary for such activities “deals”, and this paper seeks to open a research avenue to further investigate the multifaceted interaction processes among business actors. The construction industry is a suitable empirical setting for this purpose; its project-based character and societal position of linking business with the construction of essential community infrastructure imply that different types of money-handling activities need to be managed continuously with both short-term and long-term effects taken into account. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the deals, i.e., the interface between socio-material interaction and the money-handling processes in the construction industry, as well as studying the potential interrelatedness of deals, the authors performed a case study involving three interrelated housing projects in Uppsala, Sweden. Findings The study shows that deals do not only have an intricate relationship to the social-material interaction processes among construction actors, but they also become interrelated in specific ways to form “deal structures” as actors engage in different business relationships over time. This means, for instance, that a single deal can enable several other deals, and involved actors have different abilities in performing deals. Hence, most deals are part of a “broader” interaction pattern of social and material resources spanning the organizational borders of individual companies. Originality/value Within the industrial marketing and purchasing, the socio-material interaction among actors has been well studied, but less attention has been paid to the monetary dimension and its relationship to the socio-material interaction processes. In particular, this study provides an understanding of monetary agreements in the construction industry.

• Rocca, Antonella La & Snehota, Ivan (2016)
  Corporate associations in B2B: Coping with multiple relationship-specific identities.

  The IMP Journal, 10(1) , s. 172-188. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-06-2015-0031

• Panwar, Rajat; Nybakk, Erlend, Hansen, Eric & Pinkse, Jonatan (2016)
  The effect of small firms' competitive strategies on their community and environmental engagement

  Journal of Cleaner Production, 129, s. 578-585. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.141

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  Corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature holds that CSR can help firms gain a competitive advantage by enabling them to differentiate themselves from their competition and reduce costs. In the strategy literature, differentiation and cost reduction are recognized as two major competitive strategies that firms pursue to outcompete rival firms. Yet, how CSR is linked to a firm's choice of competitive strategy is not explicitly explored in the extant literature. The present paper fills this gap. Using data collected from 478 small firms representing multiple industries in the US, this paper finds that a firm's focus on competing through differentiation strategy is associated with its level of community engagement but not with its level of environmental engagement. Competing through a strategy of cost-leadership is associated with neither community nor environmental engagement. The paper concludes that, except for seeking differentiation through community engagement, the approach of small firms to CSR remains largely characterized by adhoc decisions with few ties to their competitive strategies. The paper advances the understanding of CSR in small firms and provides novel insights into how CSR is linked with competitive strategies.

• Mørk, Bjørn Erik & Hoholm, Thomas (2016)
  From breakthroughs in knowledge to integration in medical practices

  Capitalizing on creativity at work: Fostering the implementation of creative ideas in organizations, , s. 270-286. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783476503

• Sikora, Adam Tomasz; Nybakk, Erlend & Panwar, Rajat (2016)
  The effect of entrepreneurial and learning orientations on financial performance in a transition economy: evidence from forest contracting firms in southern Poland

  Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 31(1) , s. 119-125. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2015.1079642

• Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro; Andersson, Ulf, Brannen, Mary, Nielsen, Bo & Reuber, Rebecca (2016)
  Can I trust your findings? Ruling out alternative explanations in international business research

  Journal of International Business Studies, 47(8) , s. 881-897. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-016-0005-4

• Almås, Anders-Johan; Time, Berit, Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Lisø, Kim Robert (2016)
  How can a research centre facilitate innovations for climate adaptation of buildings and infrastructure?

  4th Nordic Conference on Climate Change Adaptation "From Research to Actions and Transformation", August 29-31 2016 in Bergen, Norway. Book of Abstracts,

• Njøs, Rune; Jakobsen, Stig-Erik, Aslesen, Heidi & Fløysand, Arnt (2016)
  Encounters between cluster theory, policy and practice in Norway: Hubbing, blending and conceptual stretching

  European Urban and Regional Studies, 24(3) , s. 274-289. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776416655860

  Vis sammendrag

  For more than two decades, cluster theory has served as a basis for widespread implementation of regional development policies in several countries. However, there are still persistent struggles in academia towards agreement on clear operational definitions of a cluster. In this article, we argue that this definitional haziness, reflected by difficulties in demarcating the scale and scope of clusters, leads to a stretching of the cluster concept when put into practice. We show how actors, through cluster projects, are utilizing strategies of “hubbing” and/or “blending” to develop their own understandings of both what clusters are and what they might or should be. Through studies of three Norwegian cluster projects, we argue that national cluster policies, through translation of an academically vague concept, facilitate a stretching of the original definition of clusters, giving regional stakeholders leeway to integrate other theoretical rationales instead. We argue that this is not taken into account in current policies.

• Almås, Anders-Johan; Lisø, Kim Robert, Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Time, Berit (2016)
  SFI Klima 2050 | Innovasjonsarena

  [Report Research]. s.n.

• Nybakk, Erlend; Olsen, Per Ingvar & Pettersen, Ivar (2016)
  Norsk matindustri: veier til framtidig forbedring av produktivitet og konkurranseevne

  Norsk jordbrukspolitikk: handlingsrom i endring, , s. 179-204.

• Caruana, Albert; Rocca, Antonella La & Snehota, Ivan (2016)
  Learner Satisfaction in Marketing Simulation Games: Antecedents and Influencers

  Journal of Marketing Education, 38(2) , s. 107-118. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475316652442

• Rocca, Antonella La; Moscatelli, Paolo, Perna, Andrea & Snehota, Ivan (2016)
  Customer involvement in new product development in B2B: The role of sales

  Industrial Marketing Management, 58, s. 45-57. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.05.014

• Bergersen, Tone Kristin; Storheim, Elisabeth, Gundersen, Stina, Kleven, Linn, Johnson, Maria, Sandvik, Leiv, Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn & Ørjasæter, Nils-Otto (2016)
  Improved clinical efficacy with wound support network between hospital and home care service

  Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 29(11) , s. 511-517. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000499714.97688.4b

• Abrahamsen, Morten H.; Henneberg, Stephan C., Huemer, Lars & Naudè, Peter (2016)
  Network picturing: An action research study of strategizing in business networks

  Industrial Marketing Management, 59, s. 107-119. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.02.006

  Vis sammendrag

  Our paper is concerned with how managers understand their surrounding network and what strategic actions they take based on this insight. Recent research in the areas of network management and business relationships shows increasing interest in the interplay between cognition and action, particularly on how managers relate perceptions about their business network (“network picturing”) to decision-making and strategizing activities. In this study, we apply a novel research approach combining process research and action research methodology. Our sample is introduced to business network theories and concepts, and the use and adaptation of these concepts results in managerial options being articulated and applied. Our findings add new insight in the field of network strategy and network picturing. Network picturing represents a way to understand the boundaries of the firm and how this understanding affects managers' decisions. This differs from the fundamental distinction between the external and the internal environments of classical strategy analysis. In terms of network picturing, strategizing is a way to understand the resulting actions or network outcomes that managers see as viable within their surrounding network. We also provide a conceptual process exercise as an example of how this insight can be relevant for managers in their decision-making processes.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard; Amico, Richard & Thomas, Robert J. (2016)
  How Artificial Intelligence Will Redefine Management

  Harvard Business Review,

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard; Amico, Richard & Thomas, Robert J. (2016)
  A.I. Could Liberate 50% of Managers' Time

  [Popular Science Article]. Harvard Business Review,

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard (2016)
  Keeping AI at arm's length

  [Popular Science Article]. Outlook,

  Vis sammendrag

  Despite the promise of artificial intelligence, Europe’s managers aren’t yet ready to embrace it.

• Bøe-Lillegraven, Tor & Wilberg, Erik (2016)
  Editor, Executive and Entrepreneur. Strategic Paradoxes in the Digital Age

  Nordicom Review, 37(2) , s. 1-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2016-0014

• Andersen, Espen (2016)
  Does Someone Have to Die First?

  [Professional Article]. ACM Ubiquity,

• Reve, Torger & Sasson, Amir (2015)
  Complementing clusters: A competitiveness rationale for infrastructure investments

  Competitiveness Review: an international business journal, 25(3) , s. 242-257. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-12-2014-0040

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a novel application of cluster theory and cluster methodology to evaluate large infrastructure investments. The complementing clusters approach, which builds on the notion of infrastructure as connecting isolated “economic islands”, is able to assess the potential for value creation effects of new infrastructure investment. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses simulation analysis based on a unique data set encompassing all employees and employers, as well as cluster mapping, for every pair of “economic islands” being connected by the examined infrastructure investments. The empirical setting is of large fjord crossings in Western Norway, the so-called E39 project. Findings – The empirical findings show that productivity gains are higher when an integrated labor market hosting complementary clusters is formed. Limitations remain regarding the economic integration path. Research limitations/implications – The authors provide an ex-ante analysis using information over the past 10 years. Following the expected infrastructure investments, future research should examine the extent to which productivity gains materialized and the reasons underlying the achieved materialization levels. Practical implications – Current evaluation of large infrastructure investments focuses on transportation economics effects, technical feasibility and environmental consequences. The authors complement this current practice by advancing a theoretically grounded value creation perspective that can affect future evaluation practices. Originality/value – Cluster complementarity-based evaluation is a novel methodology that is applicable to investment decisions which are central for economic development. Cluster analysis of infrastructure investments provides new and valuable data for making such investments decisions.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2015)
  Socratic dialogue – designed in the Nelson–Heckmann tradition: A tool for reducing the theory–practice divide in business ethics

  Business and the Greater Good: Rethinking Business Ethics in an Age of Crisis, , s. 240-261. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784711771.00020

• Lacoste, Sylvie & Rocca, Antonella La (2015)
  Commentary on “Storytelling by the sales force and its effect on buyer-seller exchange” by David Gilliam and Karen Flaherty

  Industrial Marketing Management, 46, s. 143-146. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.01.015

• Iurkov, Viacheslav & Sasson, Amir (2015)
  How Much Do Alliance Networks Matter?

  Proceedings and Membership Directory - Academy of Management, 1 Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.17318abstract

• Luzzi, Alessandra & Sasson, Amir (2015)
  Entrepreneurial skills or reward for success? Does entrepreneurship pay in future paid employment?

  Proceedings and Membership Directory - Academy of Management, 1 Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.255

• Flygansvær, Bente Merete (2015)
  Lagerstyring - logistikkfagets hellige gral

  [Professional Article]. Logistikk & Ledelse, 28(9) , s. 15-16.

• Reve, Torger; Nordkvelde, Marius & Alexandru, Robert (2015)
  "Finans - en vekstnæring"

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Reve, Torger (2015)
  Kommentarartikler Maritime Offshore

  [Popular Science Article]. sysla.no,

• Reve, Torger (2015)
  The Firm as a Nexus of Internal and External Contracts (Opprinnelig publisert i 1990, I: The firm as a Nexus of Treaties, Sage forlag)

  Veivisere i norsk organisasjonsforskning, , s. 243-270.

• Hydle, Katja Maria (2015)
  Temporal and spatial dimensions of strategizing

  Organization Studies, 36(5) , s. 643-663. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615571957

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2015)
  Strategizing in Project-Based Organizations: The Role of Internal and External Relationships

  The practice of behavioral strategy, , s. 127-145.

• Reve, Torger & Sasson, Amir (2015)
  Theoretical and methodological advances in cluster research

  Competitiveness Review: an international business journal, 25(5) , s. 524-539. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-06-2015-0062

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: The paper assesses the dissemination of cluster ideas advanced in the “Competitive Advantage of Nations” and three subsequent national studies and the reasons for their substantial public policy impact in Norway. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the theoretical and methodological novelties of each of the national studies, the inclusive study-organizing principle employed and public policy impact. Findings: The papers finds that the dissemination of cluster thinking and the development of a successful cluster-based industrial policy in Norway is largely a function of the nature and extent of the cluster research efforts that took place in Norway. The national cluster research projects mobilized all the key industrial and governmental actors in a very effective way making studies both rigor and relevant. Due to advanced and demanding policy makers, the studies also evolved in terms of the theoretical models and methodologies employed. Originality/value: The paper contributes by illuminating the direct and indirect impact of the “Competitive Advantage of Nations” on both academic endeavors and public policies in Norway and by explicating how studies that make it possible for academics and practitioners to work in tandem substantially affect public policy.

• Wilberg, Erik (2015)
  Medieprospect 2016 - Analyser og tanker foran budsjettåret 2016

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Wilberg, Erik (2015)
  Strukturforandringer i Medienorge

  [Professional Article]. Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, 31(2) , s. 97-113.

• Lunnan, Randi & Kovalevskaya, Daria (2015)
  On the receiving end of outsourcing-value creation through mediation of alliance portfolios

  Progress in International Business Research, 10, s. 407-435. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-886220150000010017

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: With the disaggregation and fine-slicing of global value chains, offshoring and outsourcing has become increasingly relevant for many MNEs. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the value creation of the receiving partner of outsourcing activities. This is a firm that will have many outsourcing alliances with partners, and one perspective to frame these alliances is the alliance portfolio perspective. We ask – how can a firm on the receiving end of outsourcing create value through the management of its alliance portfolio? Methodology/approach: Through a case study of a company supplying products to manufacturing industries, we investigate ways in which the company adds value for customers through different models of customer integration. Applying an alliance portfolio perspective, we study benefits of grouping alliances with customers and suppliers. Findings: Whereas most studies of alliance portfolios have focused on value creation within a portfolio, we find that the mediating capability of coordinating between groups or portfolios of alliances is critical. We also see that the risk aspect is important for firms receiving outsourcing activities. Research limitations/implications: Our findings have implications for the strategy and organization of the mediating firm on the receiving end of outsourcing. We have only data from one firm, and therefore our findings need to be tested further. Practical implications: Our findings have implications for managers organizing large alliance portfolios to include risk and mediation capabilities. Originality/value: The chapter uses original in-depth data.

• Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard (2015)
  Doktorgradsprofilen

  [Professional Article]. Magma forskning og viten, 18(3) , s. 73-73.

• Flygansvær, Bente Merete (2015)
  Fremtidens kompetanse i Logistikk og Supply Chain Management

  [Professional Article]. Logistikk & Ledelse, 28(4) , s. 42-44.

• Wilberg, Erik (2015)
  Avisenes utvikling i et publikumsperspektiv

  [Professional Article]. Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, 31(2) , s. 133-150.

• Benito, Gabriel R G (2015)
  Why and how motives (still) matter

  Multinational Business Review, 23(1) , s. 15-24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-02-2015-0005

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose – The article provides a discussion of the relevance of motives for companies’ internationalization. Design/methodology/approach – Conceptual discussion building on established classifications of motives of internationalization, which distinguish between market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, resource-seeking and strategic asset-seeking motives. Findings – The analysis demonstrates that important issues in companies’ internationalization differ systematically across different types of motives, which implicates that motives remain relevant when analyzing various aspects of the internationalization of the firm. Motives are also useful elements for theory building in international business. Research limitations/implications – The analysis is purely conceptual and is not further substantiated by empirical evidence. Practical implications – The classification of motives is a useful tool for companies to analyze their strategic alternatives and actions, especially with regard to performance measurement. Social implications – A clear classification of the various motives for companies’ foreign activities is essential for formulation of sound policies about attraction/stimulation and regulation of companies’ inbound and outbound internationalization. Originality/value – The article demonstrates the importance of retaining a clear classification of motives as a basis for further development of a theory of firms’ internationalization behavior.

• Olaisen, Johan; Revang, Øivind & Rosendahl, Tom (2015)
  Virtual Global Teams As Value Creating Tools For Knowledge Sharing And Collaborative Innovations

  Proceedings of QUIS14: Accelerate the Impact of Service Research, , s. 983-993.

• Andersson, Ulf; Ekman, Peter & Erixon, Cecilia (2015)
  Internal MNC structures’ bearing on externally embedded subsidiaries’ organizational performance

  Handbook on international alliance and network research, , s. 155-170. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783475483.00013

• Kriger, Mark P.; Schuyler, Kathryn Goldman, Quinn, Robert & Waddock, Sandra (2015)
  Sustainability, Profitability and Spiritual Wisdom:Re-imagining Paradoxes Facing Organizations

  Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, (1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2015.13754symposium

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Persson, Kurt Gøran (2015)
  Developing supply base strategies

  The IMP Journal, 9(1) , s. 64-84. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMP-01-2015-0003

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2015)
  The Dynamics Of Business Knowledge As Societal Meaning

  Proceedings of QUIS14: Accelerate the Impact of Service Research, , s. 178-190.

• Snow, Charles C. & Fjeldstad, Øystein Devik (2015)
  Network paradigm: Applications in organizational science

  International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), , s. 546-550. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.73107-2

• Revang, Øivind & Olaisen, Johan (2015)
  Creating Service Innovations Through Network Relations

  Proceedings of QUIS14: Accelerate the Impact of Service Research, , s. 867-876.

• Olaisen, Johan; Revang, Øivind & Rosendahl, Tom (2015)
  Intellectual Property Rights As Basics For Collaborative Innovations And Knowledge Sharing

  Proceedings of QUIS14: Accelerate the Impact of Service Research, , s. 994-1006.

• Lu, Ren & Reve, Torger (2015)
  Relations among Clusters

  European Planning Studies, 23(4) , s. 828-845. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2014.984661

  Vis sammendrag

  Many papers on economic geography have analysed industrial clusters, but few have addressed the relations among clusters. This paper discusses three types of relations among clusters to better understand why they occur and the roles that human resources, capital, knowledge and markets play in such relations. It provides theoretical ideas, empirical illustrations and suggestions for future research on the relations among clusters in a globalized economy.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Bjarnar, Ove (2015)
  Globalization and the development of industrial clusters : comparing two Norwegian clusters, 1900–2010

  Business History Review, 89(4) , s. 693-716. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007680515001051

  Vis sammendrag

  This article explores how clusters have reacted to the recent process of globalization by comparing the development of two clusters that are located in the same region, the county of Møre og Romsdal in Norway. These are the furniture cluster and the maritime cluster on the west coast of Norway. When international competition increased, the first one declined while the other prospered and became more global. Structural differences explain only partly the different development paths of these clusters. In addition, firms’ strategic actions and the degree of collectively shared visions about international operations mattered for how the clusters developed.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Dewulf, Geert & Levitt, Raymond E. (2015)
  The interplay between formal and informal contracting in integrated project delivery

  Engineering Project Organization Journal, 5(1) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21573727.2014.992014

• Junni, Paulina; Sarala, Riikka Mirja, Tarba, Shlomo & Weber, Yaakov (2015)
  The role of strategic agility in acquisitions

  British Journal of Management, 26(4) , s. 596-616. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12115

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Hydle, Katja Maria & Brehmer, Per Olof (2015)
  Innovative Capabilities in International Professional Service Firms: Enabling Trade-Offs between Past, Present and Future Service Provision

  Journal of Professions and Organization, 2(2) , s. 148-167. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpo/jov005 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  This study examines the relationship between service provision and innovation in international professional service firms (IPSFs). Through an extended study in one IPSF, we find that innovation stems from the provision of services in the past and present. Different service provisions offer different learning opportunities which influence the modification, renewal, and creation of service concepts,service processes, technologies, and relationships. In order to take advantage of the learning opportunities, certain operational and dynamics capabilities are identified as important. With regard to operational capabilities, understanding customer needs, internal learning, formalization, external and relational learning, integration, and commercialization are identified as important capabilities. Further, two dynamic capabilities driving innovation are identified: learning and knowledge accumulation and scaling and expanding the service portfolio. The learning and knowledge accumulation apability is grounded in the efficient provision of standardized-provided services. By providing these services, insights into customer’s needs are gained, specialized expertise is developed, and reputation and legitimacy for solving novel and complex problems increase. The scaling and expanding capability enables the IPSF to develop customized–co-produced services into standardized-provided services over time with global outreach. Our study shows that careful management of the service portfolio is of utmost strategic importance for the sustainable competitive advantage of IPSFs

• Stensaker, Inger G.; Colman, Helene Loe & Elter, Frank (2015)
  Jakten på effektiviseringsgevinster : global integrering og standardisering

  Magma forskning og viten, 18(7) , s. 34-45.

• Junni, Paulina; Sarala, Riikka, M., Tarba, Shlomo, Liu, Yipeng & Cooper, Cary L (2015)
  Guest Editors' Introduction: The role of human resource and organizational factors in ambidexterity

  Human Resource Management, 54, s. s1-s28. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21772

• Andersson, Ulf; Buckley, Peter J. & Dellestrand, Henrik (2015)
  In the right place at the right time!: The influence of knowledge governance tools on knowledge transfer and utilization in MNEs

  Global Strategy Journal, 5(1) , s. 27-47. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1088

  Vis sammendrag

  This article examines the utilization of knowledge transferred between sending and receiving subsidiaries within multinational enterprises. A model was developed and tested on 169 specific knowledge transfer projects. The model explains the utilization of knowledge subject to transfer in terms of hierarchical governance tool efficacy and lateral relationships within the multinational enterprise. The results show that headquarters’ involvement during knowledge development does not have any significant impact on subsequent knowledge utilization in the receiving units and, in fact, hierarchical governance forms have a negative impact on knowledge utilization. However, lateral relationships are positive stimuli to building subsidiary capabilities in the knowledge transfer process that enhance receiving unit knowledge utilization.

• Breunig, Karl Joachim; Söderlund, Jonas & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2015)
  Lasting temporariness: Projects as capability bridges across time and organizational levels

  Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2015.18086abstract - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  This study reveals how learning and experiences accumulated in temporary projects contribute to capability development and change of strategic orientation in project-based organizations. We argue that capability development in project-based organizations must rest upon an understanding of projects as “capability bridges”, thus contrasting extant literature’s common treatise of the temporariness inherent in project-based organizing. This paper presents an analytical framework that identifies how capabilities develop over time and across levels in specific contexts. The empirical data is derived from a longitudinal case study of capability development in an international project-based professional service firm. The case study demonstrates how projects function as bridges connecting both past, present and future, and individual-, project and- organization levels, thus illustrating the temporality of capabilities, on the one hand, and the multi- level features of capabilities, on the other hand. Thus, this study shows how knowledge and experiences accumulated from past and current projects influence the formation of future capabilities and strategies. Simultaneously, anticipations of the future influence current activities and the utilization of past project experiences. This leads to an improved understanding how capabilities are developed across organizational levels and across time.

• Ditlev-Simonsen, Caroline Dale; Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien & Ihlen, Øyvind (2015)
  The historical development of corporate social responsibility in Norway

  Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe, , s. 177-196. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13566-3_10

• Andersson, Ulf; Gaur, Ajai, Mudambi, Ram & Persson, Magnus (2015)
  Unpacking Inter-unit Knowledge Transfer in Multinational Enterprises

  Global Strategy Journal, 5(3) , s. 241-255. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1100

• Martinkenaite-Pujanauskiene, Ieva & Breunig, Karl Joachim (2015)
  The emergence of absorptive capacity through micro-macro level interactions

  Journal of Business Research, 69(2) , s. 700-708. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.08.020 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  A firm's absorptive capacity involves two dimensions: horizontal and vertical. The horizontal dimension refers to a dynamic interplay between internal and external environments of the firm, which is extensively covered in the absorptive capacity research. However, the literature ignores vertical dimension involving individual-organization interactions. Scant knowledge is available about the mechanisms through which absorptive capacity emerges as an organizational learning capability. This study reviews the seminal works of Cohen and Levinthal and finds that the stickiness of knowledge, the multiple antecedents of absorptive capacity and their interactions are explicitly addressed therein, but are insufficiently problematized in subsequent research. Drawing on the knowledge-based view of the firm and the micro-foundations lens of organizational capabilities, the present study re-conceptualizes absorptive capacity as a set of three sequentially linked learning processes where individual and organizational antecedents interact, and explains how value recognition, assimilation and application capabilities emerge as organizational (macro) level phenomena.

• Najafi-TAvani, Z; Zaefarian, G., Henneberg, S.C., Naude, P., Giroud, A. & Andersson, Ulf (2015)
  Subsidiary Knowledge Development in Knowledge Intensive Business Services: A Configuration Approach

  Journal of International Marketing, 23(4) , s. 22-43. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.14.0150

• Brinkmann, Johannes; Lindemann, Beate & Sims, Ronald R. (2015)
  Voicing Moral Concerns: Yes, But How? The Use of Socratic Dialogue Methodology

  Journal of Business Ethics, 139, s. 619-631. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2655-8

  Vis sammendrag

  After a selective review of relevant literature about teaching business ethics, this paper builds on a summary of Fred Bird’s thoughts about the voicing of moral concerns provided in his book about moral muteness (1996). Socratic dialogue methodology (in the tradition of L. Nelson and G. Heckmann) is then presented and the use of this methodology is examined, for business ethics teaching in general, and for addressing our paper topic in particular. Three short form Socratic dialogues about the paper topic are summarized for illustration, together with preparation and debriefing suggestions for a Socratic dialogue unit as part of a business ethics course. In conclusion, Socratic dialogue design is related to the experiential learning approach, and characterized by a few basic traits, which imply both risks and opportunities for business ethics teaching.

• Romme, A. Georges L.; Avenier, Marie-José, Denyer, David, Hodgkinson, Gerard P., Pandza, Krsto, Starkey, Ken & Worren, Nicolay Andre Melsæter (2015)
  Towards common ground and trading zones in management research and practice

  British Journal of Management, 26(3) , s. 544-559. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12110

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2015)
  Slik oppfattes norske ledere av utlendinger

  [Popular Science Article]. BI Business Review,

• Reve, Torger (2015)
  Oljekuttene vil drive frem et teknologiskifte

  [Professional Article]. sysla.no,

• Reve, Torger (2015)
  Slik skal vi få til radikal omstilling i en ny region

  [Professional Article]. sysla.no,

• Reve, Torger (2015)
  Nå starter ombyggingen av kysten

  [Professional Article]. sysla.no,

• Reve, Torger (2015)
  Å leve av finans

  [Professional Article]. Finansavisen,

• Reve, Torger (2015)
  Asia er ingen trussel mot Norge

  [Professional Article]. sysla.no,

• Andersen, Espen (2015)
  The Facebook Method of Dealing With Complexity

  [Professional Article]. ACM Ubiquity,

• Reve, Torger (2015)
  Har vi satset for tungt på olje og offshore her vest?

  [Professional Article]. sysla.no,

• Pettersen, Lene (2014)
  From Mass Production to Mass Collaboration: Institutionalized Hindrances to Social Media Platforms in the Workplace

  Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies, 2(2) Doi: https://doi.org/10.5324/njsts.v2i2.2146

• Andersen, Espen (2014)
  Den digitaliserte virkelighet: Strategier for en verden full av data

  Magma forskning og viten, 17(3) , s. 22-29.

• Hydle, Katja Maria; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Breunig, Karl Joachim (2014)
  Transnational practices in communities of task and communities of learning

  Management Learning, 45(5) , s. 609-629. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507613500881 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  This article explores situated practices in communities that provide transnational services. Communities of practice generally focus on reinforcing local ties. Our study identifies two distinctive but interdependent communities of practice that are transnational and virtual: one community consists of employees who share work and tasks, labeled communities of task; the other consists of employees who jointly share and create knowledge, labeled communities of learning. We extend the existing community of practice literature by providing a heterogeneous understanding of the different types of situated practices, claiming that the situated practices of sharing work and sharing knowledge stem from the type of participation within the communities, either through service relays or virtual servicing. Empirical data in this study were collected from two transnational professional service firms. Our study shows that both types of communities benefit from managerial facilitation, even though one community type is more formal and the other is informal.

• Rocca, Antonella La & Perna, Andrea (2014)
  New venture acquiring position in an existing network. The IMP Journal

  The IMP Journal, 8(2) , s. 28-37.

• Rocca, Antonella La & Snehota, Ivan (2014)
  Relating in Business Networks: Innovation in practice. Industrial Marketing Management

  Industrial Marketing Management, 43(3) , s. 441-447. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.12.012

• Baraldi, Enrico; Rocca, Antonella La & Perna, Andrea (2014)
  Good for science, but which implications for business? An analysis of the managerial implications in high-impact B2B marketing articles published between 2003 and 2012.

  The journal of business & industrial marketing, 29(7/8) , s. 1-26. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/jbim-09-2013-0200

• Benito, Gabriel R G; Lunnan, Randi & Tomassen, Sverre (2014)
  The virtue of in-between pragmatism-a balancing act between responsiveness and integration in a multinational company

  Advances in International Management, 27, s. 75-97. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-502720140000027002

• Lombardo, Sebastiano & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2014)
  Constraint-Shattering Practices and Creative Action in Organizations

  Organization Studies, 35(4) , s. 587-611. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840613517597 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  This study contributes insights on how actors cope with constraints in ill-structured problem-solving situations, and what implications this coping has for creative action. To date, most research on constraint handling has treated constraints, regardless of their nature, origin, or role, as external factors that enable or hinder creativity. In contrast, we consider constraints to be inextricably intertwined with all creative action. We focus our study on one specific practice for constraint handling: namely, shattering. Empirical data were collected for 12 projects in two engineering consulting firms, and four shattering practices were identified: protesting, proposing, betraying, and sabotaging. We discuss their enactment in various parts of the problem space and their implications for the management of creative action in organizations.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2014)
  Implementing Lean Construction: A Practice Perspective

  Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, 1, s. 3-14.

• Reve, Torger & Nordkvelde, Marius (2014)
  "Norge som kapitalforvaltningsnasjon: Statens pensjonsfond utland under lupen"

  [Popular Science Article]. Samfunnsøkonomen, 3

• Reve, Torger; Nordkvelde, Marius & Zhovtobryukh, Yuriy (2014)
  "BioValue: Life Cycle and Financing Structure Mapping"

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Rocca, Antonella La; Mandelli, Andreina & Snehota, Ivan (2014)
  Netnography as a tool for marketing research. The case Dash-P&G/TTV

  Management Decision, 52(4) , s. 689-704. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/md-03-2012-0233

• Breunig, Karl Joachim; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Hydle, Katja Maria (2014)
  Knowing your boundaries: Integration opportunities in international professional service firms

  Journal of World Business, 49(4) , s. 502-511. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.12.004 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

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  This study presents three different business models (continuous, repetitious, and unique) identified in international professional service firms that pursue a transnational strategy. These business models have varying opportunities for global integration. We extend the integration–responsiveness framework by offering a framework for analyzing how to balance global integration with local responsiveness when pursuing a transnational strategy. By identifying the content, structure, and governance transactions of the three business models, we can determine when to pursue headquarters-initiated global integration and when to choose strategies that ensure local responsiveness and subsidiary competitiveness in local markets.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2014)
  Stability and change in managerial elites: The institution of management education in Norway from 1936 to 2009

  Management & Organizational History, 9(3) , s. 272-287. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2013.879725 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  Market transformations and organisational changes lead to new needs for managerial competence, and such changes are proposed to influence the institution of management education over time. However, in an examination of the educational backgrounds of Norwegian CEOs from 1936 to 2009, this paper finds that changes in the institution of management education cannot be interpreted as direct responses to the organisational and external changes that companies face. This study suggests that the institution of management education is modified rather than fundamentally changed. These modifications can largely be explained by the concepts of institutional solidarity (i.e. dominant agents define what management education is, and this understanding is difficult to change due to path dependencies in the recruitment of top managers) and institutional plasticity (i.e. the “stretching” of established institutional scripts to fit new contexts).

• Reve, Torger; Nordkvelde, Marius & Gowda, Karthik G. (2014)
  "Utenlandske multinasjonale selskaper i Norge

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Rocca, Antonella La & Snehota, Ivan (2014)
  Value Creation and organizational practice at firm boundaries. Management Decision

  Management Decision, 52(1) , s. 2-17. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2013-0229

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2014)
  Sharing knowledge in network organization

  [Popular Science Article]. Wilhelmsen HELM magazine, (1)

• Andersen, Espen (2014)
  Will computers out-compete us all?

  ACM Ubiquity, 14(Oct.) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/2668424

• Huemer, Lars (2014)
  Creating cooperative advantage: The roles of identification, trust, and time

  Industrial Marketing Management, 43(4) , s. 564-572. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.02.011

• Andersen, Espen (2014)
  Technology singularity: Closing statement

  ACM Ubiquity, 14(Dec) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/2668390

• Wenstøp, Fred Erling; deTombe, Dorien, Brugha, Cathal & Wilhelm-Weber, Gerhard (2014)
  Book of Abstracts of State of the Art Workshop Barcelona 2014

  Greenhill & Waterfront

• Bø, Eirill (2014)
  Moderne transportlogistikk

  [Textbook]. Fagbokforlaget

• Fjeldstad, Øystein D. & Lunnan, Randi (2014)
  Strategi

  [Textbook]. Fagbokforlaget

• Reve, Torger; Sasson, Amir & Nordkvelde, Marius (2014)
  "Ferjefri E39: Næringsøkonomiske gevinster ved fjordkryssing"

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Rapporten ser nærmere på næringseffektene av utbyggingen av en ny E39 over Boknafjorden (Rogfast) mellom Stavanger og Haugesund området, over Bjørnafjorden mellom Stord og Bergen området, over Sognefjorden mellom Oppedal og Lavik, Hundvikfjorden mellom Anda og Lote, Faleidfjorden mellom Stryn og Svarstad (Stryn nord), Storfjord mellom Festøya og Solavågen eller Hareid og Sula, Moldefjorden mellom Vestnes og Molde og Halsafjorden mellom Kanestraum og Halsa. Rapporten har også evaluert de to mulighetene til å krysse Bjørnafjorden, i midten (direkte rute) eller en mer landbasert vei til øst for fjorden og de to mulighetene i Sogn og Fjordane, vest gjennom Lote and øst gjennom Stryn og over Strynefjellet. Rapporten bruker eksisterende region- og agglomerasjons­teori samt klyngeteori til å sannsynliggjøre for lokale arbeidsmarkeds­gevinster ved sammenslåing av ulike arbeidsmarkeder som i dag ikke er integrert, men som sannsynligvis ville vært i større grad integrerte arbeidsmarkeder, om det ikke hadde vært for manglende infrastruktur. Rapporten er en videreføring av rapporten Ferjefri E39 Næringsliv og verdiskaping (Nordkvelde og Reve 2013) og inngår i det større forskningsprosjektet Ferjefri E39 - næringsliv og verdiskaping.

• Junni, Paulina (2014)
  Gjøre det vi kan eller sjanse på noe nytt?

  BI Business Review,

• Lesch, William C. & Brinkmann, Johannes (2014)
  Consumer Insurance Fraud and Abuse: The Role of Customer Satisfaction

  [Professional Article]. Nordisk forsikringstidsskrift,

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2014)
  Should one insure against employee dishonesty (or rather not)?

  [Professional Article]. Nordisk forsikringstidsskrift,

• Geiger, Susi; Harrison, Debbie, Kjellberg, Hans & Mallard, Alexandre (2014)
  Concerned Markets: Economic Ordering for Multiple Values

  Edward Elgar Publishing

• Colman, Helene Loe (2014)
  Organisasjonsidentitet

  Cappelen Damm Akademisk

• Wilberg, Erik (2014)
  Media Prospect 2015 - En analyse foran budsjettåret 2015

  [Report Research]. Wilberg Management as

• Reve, Torger; Zhovtobryukh, Yuriy & Nordkvelde, Marius (2014)
  "Innovation performance of the Norwegian Offshore Industry"

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Warner-Søderholm, Gillian & Kriger, Mark P. (2014)
  The Art of Dealing with Religious and Cultural Diversity in the Classroom

  International Journal of Business and Management (IJBM), 9(10) , s. 149-160. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v9n10p149

  Vis sammendrag

  Religion is an intrinsic element of our cultural mind-sets that implicitly impacts how we communicate, not only at work but also in the classroom. Indeed, there is a general consensus in the management literature that religious dimensions within a wide range of work and learning contexts are important variables which impact our communication and leadership. This article fills a gap in this literature by exploring how different religious and cultural based norms may specifically impact the student-teacher (and also student-student) interaction in a higher education empirical setting. A brief discussion of fundamental values within five world religions is first offered in order to explore how these values may manifest themselves in differing cultural contexts. The article then reflects upon real classroom experiences in a business school setting. Based on these classroom cases, a five-point plan is provided to offer practical guidelines which can be applied by teachers to make the most of religiously and culturally diverse learning environments. By knowing yourself, acting with authenticity and actively seeking out interaction with different others we can practise what we preach and develop personal mindfulness as learning facilitators – this is the art of dealing with religiously and culturally diverse classrooms.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Ingemansson, Malena (2014)
  The logic of innovation in construction

  Industrial Marketing Management, 43(3) , s. 512-524. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.12.019

  Vis sammendrag

  Research highlights - We combine insights from the industrial network approach with the exploration-exploitation dichotomy to study the logic of innovation in construction - A framework is developed that illustrates the exploration and exploitation processes across the project, company, and network levels in construction - The framework is used to analyze findings from research on innovation in the Norwegian and Swedish construction industry - The research shows that the logic of innovation in construction may be explained by the network context in which construction companies act - Appropriate relations must be established both in the internal and external network to achieve a balance between exploration and exploitation

• Revang, Øivind & Olaisen, Johan (2014)
  Evig ung - en casestudie av relasjoner mellom nyskaping og drift :

  Magma forskning og viten, 17(8) , s. 53-62.

• Revang, Øivind & Olaisen, Johan (2014)
  Navigating the Blue Ocean of Innovation

  15th International CINet Conference, "Operating Innovation - Innovating Operations", , s. 765-779.

• Andersen, Espen & Schiano, Bill (2014)
  Teaching with Cases: A Practical Guide

  Harvard Business Publishing

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2014)
  Navigating the BLUE OCEAN of Innovation

  BI Leadership Magazine, , s. 12-13.

• Myrtveit, Ingunn; Jez, Vedrana & Johansen, Viggo (2014)
  The effect of mindfulness training on emplyees in a dynamic organizational setting

  International Journal of Multidisciplinarity in Business and Science, 2(2) , s. 13-19.

• Lunnan, Randi & Zhao, Youzhen (2014)
  Regional headquarters in China: Role in MNE knowledge transfer

  Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31(2) , s. 397-422. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-013-9358-4

  Vis sammendrag

  To improve control and coordination with operations in distant locations, multinational enterprises (MNEs) establish regional headquarters (RHQs). The number of RHQs in Shanghai registered with the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce has increased from 154 in 2006 to more than 400 in 2012. Managing knowledge constitutes one of the major strategic advantages of an MNE, but little is known about RHQs and their role in MNE knowledge flows. Based on interviews with regional, subsidiary, and global managers, we explore knowledge flows involving the RHQ. Our data suggest that RHQs can have a role in inflows and outflows of knowledge, and that this involvement is influenced by RHQ management, structure, and position within the subsidiary network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2014)
  Keeping Ambidexterity and Knowledge Dynamics Onboard: A case study of Norwegian olympic shipping

  Proceedings IFKAD..., , s. 279-316.

• Junni, Paulina & Sarala, Riikka Mirja (2014)
  The role of leadership in mergers and acquisitions: A review of recent empirical studies

  Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions, 13, s. 181-200. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-361X20140000013007

• Worren, Nicolay (2014)
  Exploring the potential of the axiomatic approach for organization design

  Organization Design and Engineering: Co-existence, Co-operation or Integration, , s. 126-152. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137351579.0013

• Wilberg, Erik & Gottschalk, Petter (2014)
  Media role in white-collar crime detection in Norway

  Journal of International Doctoral Research, 3(1) , s. 105-125.

• Wenstøp, Fred Erling & Ditlev-Simonsen, Caroline Dale (2014)
  Hva tror de ansatte skal til for motivere til å sykle til og fra jobb?

  [Professional Article]. Magma forskning og viten, (3) , s. 70-82.

• Rosendahl, Tom; Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2014)
  Internal Communication as Value Creation in a Change Process - A case Study of Norwegian Statoil

  Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 19(3) , s. 101-128. Doi: https://doi.org/10.9774/gleaf.3709.2014.ju.00007

• Perri, Alessandra & Andersson, Ulf (2014)
  Knowledge outflows from foreign subsidiaries and the tension between knowledge creation and knowledge protection: Evidence from the semiconductor industry

  International Business Review, 23(1) , s. 63-75. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.08.007

• Olsen, Per Ingvar; Prenkert, Frans, Hoholm, Thomas & Harrison, Debbie (2014)
  The Dynamics of Networked Power in a Concentrated Business Network

  Journal of Business Research, 67(12) , s. 2579-2589. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.03.017

  Vis sammendrag

  The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of networked power in a concentrated business network. Power is a long standing theme in inter-organizational research, yet there is a paucity of studies about how power emerges and is constructed over time at the network level. The paper adopts process, systems and network theory to interpret a rich single case study from the food industry. Three power mechanisms are identified, gatekeeping, decoupling and resource allocation, which form the basis of a model of networked power dynamics. Empirically tracing the dynamics of networked power highlights the economic contents of interactions. The paper extends current understandings of power as ‘conflict and coercion’ to include influencing, leveraging and strategic maneuvering in the actual performance of networked power.

• Vaara, Eero; Junni, Paulina, Sarala, Riikka, M., Ehrnrooth, Mats & Koveshnikov, Alexei (2014)
  Attributional tendencies in cultural explanations of M&A performance

  Strategic Management Journal, 35(9) , s. 1302-1317. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2163 - Fulltekst i forskningsarkiv

  Vis sammendrag

  This paper focuses on managers' attributions of M&A performance. Our analysis indicates that there is a linear association between performance and attributions to cultural differences, which is moderated by prior experience. Furthermore, our results suggest that there is a curvilinear association between performance and attributions to managers' actions, but we found no support for the moderating effect of experience for this association. By substantiating these attributional tendencies, our results contribute to research on M&As and studies on attribution more generally. In particular, our study helps to put cultural differences in perspective and cautions researchers and practitioners alike to avoid simplistic explanations of M&A performance

• Geiger, Susi; Harrison, Debbie, Kjellberg, Hans & Mallard, Alexandre (2014)
  Being Concerned about Markets

  Concerned Markets: Economic Ordering for Multiple Values, , s. 1-18. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782549758.00008

• Culén, Alma Leora & Kriger, Mark P. (2014)
  Creating Competitive Advantage in IT-Intensive Organizations: A Design Thinking Perspective

  HCI in Business, , s. 492-503. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07293-7_48

• Lindemann, Beate & Brinkmann, Johannes (2014)
  Zur Äusserung moralischer Bedenken in Geschäftsgesprächen

  Fremdsprachenunterricht im Spannungsfeld zwsichen Sprachwissen und Sprachkönnen, , s. 385-398.

• Falkum, Eivind; Colman, Helene Loe & Bråten, Mona (2014)
  Industrial relations in merger integrations

  Economic and Industrial Democracy: an international journal, 35(2) , s. 267-287. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X13475829

• Kriger, Mark P. & Culén, Alma Leora (2014)
  IT-facilitated industries and competitive spaces: the dance of the elephants

  International Journal of Multidisciplinarity in Business and Science, 2(2) , s. 62-67.

• Fassin, Yves; Werner, Andrea, Rossem, Annick Van, Signori, Silvana, Garriga, Elisabeth, Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien & Schlierer, Hans-Jörg (2014)
  CSR and Related Terms in SME Owner-Managers' Mental Models in Six European Countries: National Context matters

  Journal of Business Ethics, 128(2) , s. 433-456. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2098-7

• Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2013)
  Trust at stake in business

  BI Advantage,

• Pettersen, Lene (2013)
  Store data på jobben

  [Professional Article]. BI strategy Magazine, , s. 4-6.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2013)
  Combining Risk and Responsibility Perspectives: First Steps

  Journal of Business Ethics, 112(4) , s. 567-583. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1558-1

• Huemer, Lars & Furlan, Andrea (2013)
  Value Logic Interactions: Perspectives on Logistics Service Provider-Client relationships

  MERCATI E COMPETITIVITÀ, (1) , s. 35-51. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3280/mc2013-001004

• Goldeng, Eskil Le Bruyn & Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2013)
  Bygg, anlegg- og eiendomsnæringens betydning for Norge - oppdatering 2013

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Forskningsrapporten presenterer resultater fra en oppdatering av verdiskapningsstudiene av bygg-, anlegg – og eiendomsnæringen (BAE), som siden 2007 har blitt gjennomført ved Senter for byggenæringen ved Handelshøyskolen BI. Disse studiene ser på BAE-næringens betydning for norsk økonomi, ved å fokusere på vekst og størrelse, verdiskapning og lønnsomhet, samt andre forhold som er relevante i denne sammenhengen. Tidligere rapporter omfatter “Hva skal vi leve av i fremtiden? En verdiskapende bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsnæring” (Espelien og Reve, 2007), “Bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsnæringens betydning for Norge. Vekst og lønnsomhet 1998-2007” (Espelien og Reve, 2009) og “En kunnskapsbasert bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsnæring” (Bygballe og Goldeng, 2011). Analysene som presenteres i denne rapporten er basert på komplette regnskapsdata frem til 2011. Siden forrige oppdatering i 2011, der man brukte regnskapstall frem til 2009, har vi hatt finanskrise. Rapporten viser hvordan BAE-næringen har klart seg i denne krisen.

• Hydle, Katja Maria & Breunig, Karl Joachim (2013)
  Transnational Project Work: Practices Creating Knowing, Special issue on Organizational mechanisms for effective knowledge creation in projects

  International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 6(2) , s. 251-273. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17538371311319016

• Kriger, Mark P. & Zhovtobryukh, Yuriy (2013)
  Rethinking Strategic Leadership: Stars, Clans, Teams and Networks

  Journal of Strategy and Management., 6(4) , s. 411-432. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-09-2012-0051

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: Most of the thousands of studies of leadership as well as strategic leadership in organizations choose as the unit of analysis the individual leader. This choice runs contrary to the often-observed fact that organizations have numerous leaders at all levels of the organization - in other words, a network of leaders, which permeates the formal organizational structure. This paper aims to reconceptualise strategic leadership by advancing understanding of: 1) the effects of variations in internal complexity and external turbulence and 2) the effects of choices by the strategic leadership based on those variations. Design/methodology/approach: This paper advocates a network approach to strategic leadership where there is a set of highly dynamic role changes, based on both human and social capital. The typology and propositions in the paper emerged over a period of many years of observation of organizations (direct and indirect) as well as reflection of theories on how strategic leadership actually occurs in medium to large-size profit-oriented organizations. Findings: This paper proposes a model of strategic leadership based upon four modes of single actor and shared leadership (stars, clans, teams and leadership networks). It sets forth propositions for the situational appropriateness of each of these four forms and identifies avenues for future research to advance the theory. Originality/value: This paper cross-fertilizes extant research streams in leadership and strategic management to create a contingency theory of strategic leadership that is closer to what executives actually experience in the workplace.

• Colman, Helene Loe & Lunnan, Randi (2013)
  Økt effektivitet - eller det motsatte : serieoppkjøp

  Magma forskning og viten, 16(6) , s. 62-70.

• Jahre, Marianne (2013)
  Forberedt før krisen

  BI strategy Magazine,

• Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2013)
  Tillit i kortvarige partnerskap

  BI strategy Magazine,

• Swärd, Anna Sundberg & Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2013)
  Fem praksiser for strategiutvikling i desentrale organisasjoner

  BI strategy Magazine,

• Breunig, Karl Joachim & Hydle, Katja Maria (2013)
  Remote control: measuring performance for value creation and governance of globally distributed knowledge work

  Journal of Management and Governance, 17(3) , s. 559-582. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-011-9194-1

• Aadland, Erik (2013)
  Status transferability and audience structure: Rival category crossing in the field of advertising, 2000-2010

  Proceedings and Membership Directory - Academy of Management, Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2013.17104abstract

• Pettersen, Lene (2013)
  Video blogging ethnographic field notes

  Popular Anthropology Magazine, 4(1)

• Rygh, Asmund (2013)
  Inherited philosophy of science? Economics and international business research

  Advances in International Management, 26, s. 91-125. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-5027(2013)0000026010

  Vis sammendrag

  International business (IB) research is traditionally heavily reliant on economics. In this paper, we review selected debates in the philosophy of science of economics and consider their relevance for economics-based IB research, given important characteristics of IB such as phenomenon-orientedness, concern with data and facts, and limited use of formal mathematical models and unrealistic assumptions in the analysis. We argue that, like in the case of mainstream economics, Lakatos’ concept of scientific research programmes (SRP) is more useful for understanding the philosophy of science of economics-based IB than Popper’s falsificationism. Following this, we discuss characteristics of two possible IB SRPs; Internalization theory and Dunning’s OLI paradigm. Finally, we discuss the approach to modelling in IB, finding it to reflect a relative commitment to scientific realism

• Molamohamadi, Zohreh; Sharifyazdi, Mehdi, Arshizadeh, Rahman, Jafari, Azizollah & Ismail, Napsiah (2013)
  Determining consignment inventory strategy for a vendor and multiple buyers using a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm

  Production & Manufacturing Research, 1(1) , s. 65-78. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2013.858377

• Jahre, Marianne (2013)
  Forberedt før krisen

  BI Business Review,

• Wenstøp, Fred Erling & Løwendahl, Bente R. (2013)
  Skriv gode oppgaver

  [Textbook]. Cappelen Damm Akademisk

• Kriger, Mark P. (2013)
  Wise Leadership in Organizations: Integrating Eastern and Western Paradigms

  Handbook of Faith and Spirituality in the Workplace, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5233-1_16

• Lu, Ren; Zhang, Ruikan & Reve, Torger (2013)
  Relations among Clusters in Six Chinese City Regions

  European Planning Studies, 21(8) , s. 1189-1209. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.722942

  Vis sammendrag

  Despite the considerable number of papers that have discussed industrial clusters, it is surprising that there is little research evidence on relations among clusters. This article collects longitudinal data on three low-tech and two high-tech industrial clusters in six cities in the dynamic Pearl River Delta of the People's Republic of China. The findings provide empirical support to both the Marshall–Arrow–Romer model, which argues for the importance of homogeneous (specialized) clusters and the Jacobs model, which argues for the importance of heterogeneous (diversified) clusters. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous clusters in the same region influence one another's cluster size and economic output.

• Huemer, Lars (2013)
  When in Rome, be(come) a Roman? An actor focus on identities in networks

  Industrial Marketing Management, 42(7) , s. 1112-1120. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.07.007

• Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2013)
  Tillit på spill i Business

  [Professional Article]. Magma forskning og viten,

• Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2013)
  Nytt fra ledelsesforskning: Kan tillit skapes i relasjoner med usikker fremtid?

  [Professional Article]. Byggeindustrien,

• Grøgaard, Birgitte; Gioia, Carmine & Benito, Gabriel R G (2013)
  An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Industry Factors in the Internationalization Patterns of Firms

  International Studies of Management and Organization, 43(1) , s. 81-100. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2753/IMO0020-8825430104

  Vis sammendrag

  Research on companies’ internationalization has mainly focused on firm-level and country-level factors in order to explain firms’ cross-border activities. With the exception of a limited number of studies emphasizing rivalistic behavior in oligopolistic industries, industry factors have been neglected as potential determinants of companies’ internationalization. We argue that differences across industries with regard to concentration, research intensity, tangibility of the products, and the existence of clusters should influence the impetus and opportunities to internationalize. This study examines the role of such factors using panel data covering the internationalization patterns of the 100 largest non-financial Norwegian companies over the period 1990 to 2000. We find that even for firms in a small population advanced economy where the limited market size in itself motivates firms to internationalize, industry factors still contribute significantly to explaining the internationalization of these companies. Furthermore, the effects of industry factors remain strong when firm-level characteristics are taken into account.

• Colman, Helene Loe & Grogaard, Birgitte (2013)
  Integration Vacuum: Creating Action Space for Global Strategy Implementation in International Acquisitions

  Thunderbird International Business Review, 55(4) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21553

• Junni, Paulina & Sarala, Riikka, M. (2013)
  The role of absorptive capacity in acquisition knowledge transfer

  Thunderbird International Business Review, 55(4) , s. 419-438. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21554

  Vis sammendrag

  This article examines the role of absorptive capacity in acquisitions. We propose that absorptive capacity is an important determinant of acquisition knowledge transfer. Also, we identify antecedents of absorptive capacity in the specific context of acquisitions. These include contextual (national cultural differences), individual (employee withdrawal), and organizational design level (integration process communication, knowledge processing system) antecedents. We test our hypotheses on a sample of domestic and foreign acquisitions conducted by Finnish companies. This study contributes to the acquisition literature by elaborating on the role of absorptive capacity in acquisitions and to the general absorptive capacity literature by highlighting the importance of previously underexplored antecedents and outcomes of absorptive capacity.

• Ditlev-Simonsen, Caroline Dale & Wenstøp, Fred Erling (2013)
  How stakeholders view stakeholders as CSR motivators

  Social Responsibility Journal, 9(1) , s. 137-147. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17471111311307868

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose This study investigates perceptions of the relative importance of different stakeholders (owners, employees, customers, NGOs and governmental authorities) as agents motivating managers to engage in CSR. The purpose was to determine which stakeholders are viewed as key motivators and which the respondents think ought to be key stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach This is an empirical study. Three stakeholder groups – Corporate leaders, MSc business students and NGOs – were consulted through a paper survey (N=264). Findings The findings reveal that the three stakeholder groups roughly agree that owners are the main motivators for managers to pursue CSR, followed by customers, governments, employees and NGOs, in that order. We then turned from perceptions of how things are to opinions about how things ought to be, asking who should be the main motivator. In this case, customers moved up to first place, followed by employees, owners, government and NGOs. Age, but not gender, was a significant variable. The older the respondents, the smaller the discrepancy between perceptions of what is and opinions about what ought to be. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted in Norway and generalization is therefore limited. By replicating the study in other countries cultural differences can be investigated. Practical and social implications The findings are applicable for evaluating different avenues for understanding and influencing managerial and stakeholder CSR behaviour. Originality/value Several studies have concluded that stakeholders are of key importance in the CSR setting. However, few studies so far have compared the perceived relative “power” held by stakeholders. This type of knowledge can provide a key to understanding the development of CSR

• Phan, T. Binh; Engø-Monsen, Kenth & Fjeldstad, Øystein D. (2013)
  Considering clustering measures: Third ties, means, and triplets

  Social Networks, 35(3) , s. 300-308. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2013.02.007

  Vis sammendrag

  Measures that estimate the clustering coefficients of ego and overall social networks are important to social network studies. Existing measures differ in how they define and estimate triplet clustering with implications for how network theoretic properties are reflected. In this paper, we propose a novel definition of triplet clustering for weighted and undirected social networks that explicitly considers the relative strength of the tie connecting the two alters of the ego in the triplet. We argue that our proposed definition better reflects theorized effects of the important third tie in the social network literature. We also develop new methods for estimating triplet, local and global clustering. Three different types of mathematical means, i.e. arithmetic, geometric, and quadratic, are used to reflect alternative theoretical assumptions concerning the marginal effect of tie substitution.

• Hovi, Inger Beate; Grønland, Stein Erik & Madslien, Anne (2013)
  Development of an improved decision support tool for freight transport planning in Norway

  Proceedings : European Transport Conference,

• Junni, Paulina; Sarala, Riikka, M., Taras, Vas & Tarba, Shlomo (2013)
  Organizational Ambidexterity and Performance: A Meta-Analysis

  Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(4) , s. 299-312. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0015

  Vis sammendrag

  Organizational ambidexterity (OA) is argued to be increasingly important for the sustained competitive advantage of firms; this is reflected in a growing number of studies on the topic. However, prior OA studies have been conducted in a wide variety of industries and methodological settings and the empirical results have been mixed. Thus, the purpose of this article is to systematically examine the OA-performance relationship in order to reconcile the mixed results of prior research. By conducting a meta-analysis of prior studies on OA and performance, we find that positive and significant OA-performance relationships are to a large extent moderated by contextual factors and methodological choices: OA is particularly important for performance in non-manufacturing industries and at higher levels of analysis. Also, the performance effects are stronger when 'combined' measures of OA and perceptual performance measures are used and when a cross-sectional or multi-method research design is applied. Our meta-analysis findings advance the field of OA by revealing some of the moderators in the OA-performance relationship, thereby providing a more fine-grained understanding of the effects of OA on firm performance in prior studies. Also, the findings allow us to point to any gaps and methodological weaknesses in prior OA research and consequently to propose avenues for future research in the OA field.

• Breunig, Karl Joachim & Roberts, Hanno (2013)
  Caught off balance: managing knowledge value creation through boundary spanning roles

  International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 10(3/4) , s. 258-275. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLIC.2013.057435

• Ditlev-Simonsen, Caroline Dale & Wenstøp, Fred Erling (2013)
  Ledelse av samfunnsansvar (CSR) - hva ønsker de ansatte?

  Magma forskning og viten, 16(2) , s. 32-38.

• Nygaard, Arne; Gripsrud, Geir & Bø, Eirill (2013)
  Ledelse av Forsyningskjeder

  [Textbook]. Fagbokforlaget

• Alm, Kristian; Andersen, Erling S. & Kvalnes, Øyvind (2013)
  Tillit i prosjekter

  Magma forskning og viten, 16(3) , s. 26-33.

• McNamara, Peter; Peck, Simon I. & Sasson, Amir (2013)
  Competing Business Models, Value Creation and Appropriation in English Football

  Long Range Planning, 46(6) , s. 475-487. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2011.10.002

• Benito, Gabriel R G; Dovgan, Olesya, Petersen, Bent & Welch, Lawrence S. (2013)
  Offshore outsourcing: A dynamic, operation mode perspective

  Industrial Marketing Management, 42(2) , s. 211-222. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2012.08.003

  Vis sammendrag

  Based on a case study of the Danish company SimCorp and the development of its operations in Kiev, Ukraine, we analyse offshore outsourcing in a broader, longitudinal foreign operation mode context, and how it may contribute to mode change in the host country over a certain span of time. SimCorp had outsourced part of its software development work to two Ukrainian companies. The case study approach allowed us to explore the dynamic processes in depth. The study shows that involvement in the foreign market generates learning in various forms that provide a foundation for eventual mode development or change – beyond outsourcing specific learning. At the same time, restrictions on 3rd parties’, that is, independent vendors’ access to confidential client data, as well as protection of specific investments in human assets, may eventually become a driver for mode change, as in the SimCorp case, to ensure more effective control of the foreign operation. Finally, the case study shows how outsourcing can be used proactively as a springboard to deeper and changed operation mode activities in a foreign market.

• Ihlen, Øyvind & Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2013)
  Ye Olde CSR: The Historic Roots of Corporate Social Responsibility in Norway

  Journal of Business Ethics, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1671-9

  Vis sammendrag

  This essay traces the roots of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Norway. It is argued that a basic tenet of CSR, an orientation toward the concerns of stakeholders, has a long history in Norwegian business, predating the modern CSR movement. The essay underscores certain qualities of the Norwegian business system and the Norwegian political culture in order to explain how this stakeholder orientation grew and how CSR is perceived and practiced today. Corporatism and dialog are traits which position Norwegian businesses well to address CSR in a globalized economy. Present-day examples of companies and practices are provided to illustrate key features of Norwegian CSR, as it has developed over the course of more than 150 years.

• Bø, Eirill; Hammervoll, Trond & Tvedt, Kjetil (2013)
  Environmental impact of refillable vs. non-refillable plastic beverage bottles in Norway

  International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development (IJESD), 12(4) , s. 379-395. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESD.2013.056343

  Vis sammendrag

  This research compares the environmental impact, in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, of using refillable polyethylene terephthalate (REF–PET) and non–refillable polyethylene terephthalate (NR–PET) bottles in the Norwegian soft drink and carbonated water market. A Microsoft Excel spread sheet was developed in close cooperation with Coca–Cola, Mack, Telemark Springwater, and three of the main food wholesalers in Norway: NorgesGruppen, Coop, and Rema. While academic writers have criticised such life–cycle analysis as impractical, too time–consuming, expensive, and demanding too much effort, and instead advocated qualitative evaluation methods, this project demonstrates that a data–based approach is fully feasible. The research team identifies the CO2 emissions associated with various activities, and finds that NR–PET bottles generate 18% less CO2 emissions than REF–PET bottles. This research provides practical suggestions for achieving environmentally friendly packaging solutions. As a consequence of the study findings, the grocery industry initiated efforts to change legislation, and major Norwegian actors have changed their policies.

• Midttun, Atle; Blomgren, Atle, Fet, Annik, Iakovleva, Tatiana, Wenstøp, Fred Erling, Staurem, Elin Jeannette & Toporowska, Elizbieta (2013)
  CSR, Innovation and Value Creation in Rapidly Growing SMEs

  CSR and beyond: A Nordic perspective, , s. 305-329.

• Isaksen, Arne; Jevnaker, Birgit Helene, Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild, Levin, Morten, Nilssen, Tore Geir, Ravn, Johan Elvemo, Sending, Aage, Spilling, Olav R, Wennes, Grete & Øyum, Lisbeth (2013)
  Teknologiledelse. Innovasjon, økonomi, organisasjon

  [Textbook]. Fagbokforlaget

• Pettersen, Lene (2012)
  The Echoing Paradox in SNS

  Innovation through Social Media : ISM 2012 workshop proceedings, Oslo, Norway, December 3, 2012, , s. 7-15.

• Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2012)
  Nytt fra ledelsesforskning: FINT Workshop på Tillit i Milano 2012

  [Professional Article]. Byggeindustrien,

• Reve, Torger & Sasson, Amir (2012)
  Kunnskapsbasert Næringslivsutvikling

  [Popular Science Article]. Magma, 15, s. 16-22.

• Andersen, Espen (2012)
  En kunnskapsbasert it-næring : aktivitet og effekt : it: usynlig, men uhyre viktig

  Magma forskning og viten, 15(1) , s. 32-40.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2012)
  Hvordan balansere ulike kostnader og kundeservice når man kjøper fra lavkostnadsland?

  [Professional Article]. Byggeindustrien, (15)

• Bø, Eirill & Grønland, Stein Erik (2012)
  Increased cooperation in the supply chains - how to reduce the need for transportation?

  Intelligent goods in transport system, , s. 45-67.

• Yang, Zhenyu (2012)
  ENTERPRISE 2.0 ENABLED SOCIAL NETWORK IMPACT - A REVIEW OF SOCIAL NETWORK THEORY IN INFORMATION ECONOMY

  International Academy of Business and Economics, 13, s. 129-134.

• Yang, Zhenyu (2012)
  Connecting the dots - Review of Enterprise 2.0 impact on organization structure development

  International Proceedings of Computer Science and Information Technology (IPCSIT), 45, s. 217-222.

• Reve, Torger (2012)
  "Et kunnskapsbasert Norge: Resultater og politikk"

  [Popular Science Article]. Forskningspolitikk, 35(1) , s. 18-20.

• Harrison, Debbie (2012)
  Being a networking firm on a day-to-day basis: customer and suppier routines in the Global Fish case

  The IMP Journal, 6(3) , s. 267-276.

• Wenstøp, Fred Erling (2012)
  A value structured approach to conflicts in environmental management

  Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management, , s. 61-76. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5772/34661

• Huemer, Lars & Wang, Xiaobei (2012)
  From chains and tiers to layers and exchange streams: An analysis of information flows and intelligent goods

  Intelligent goods in transport system, , s. 87-101.

• Wilberg, Erik (2012)
  Young Digital Life

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Løwendahl, Bente R. (2012)
  Entrepreneurial strategies for professional service firms

  Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship in Professional Services, , s. 183-201. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781009109.00021

• Andersen, Espen (2012)
  Hva vil skje med SAS?

  e24 (internett),

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Bø, Eirill & Grønland, Stein Erik (2012)
  Managing international supply: The balance between total costs and customer service

  Industrial Marketing Management, 41(3) , s. 394-401. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.06.013

  Vis sammendrag

  Many trading companies have taken a global approach to their supply markets, sourcing from low-cost foreign countries in order to achieve cost reductions. There remains, however, a lack of evidence that sourcing internationally actually leads to improved economic performance. This can be explained by two key challenges in terms of how to achieve a balance between: (1) purchasing and logistics costs; and (2) total costs and customer service. The purpose of this paper is to examine the organisation and management of international supply from a total cost perspective, taking into account both purchasing and logistics costs, as well as customer service and agility. Previous research into a number of Norwegian companies that have sourced from China has identified four configurations for managing international supply. This paper utilises the supply management literature and an example of a Norwegian retail and wholesale company to analyse and discuss these configurations and their effects on total costs and customer service. The paper’s theoretical contribution is the conceptualisation of a total cost perspective on international supply management and the discussion of such costs in relation to customer service. This contribution may, in turn, aid companies that source from foreign, low-cost countries

• Reve, Torger & Lu, Ren (2012)
  "Relations among Clusters in Six Chinese City Regions"

  European Planning Studies, , s. 1-21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.722942

• Alm, Kristian (2012)
  Yrkesetikk - utfordringer for næringsliv og finans

  Universitetsforlaget

• Jahre, Marianne (2012)
  ’Haiti-katastrofe forverret av manglende forebygging’

  [Professional Article]. Bistandsaktuelt,

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2012)
  Inconvenient Business Ethics (version 2)

  På tvers. Festskrift til Ove Jakobsen, , s. 79-92.

• Fjeldstad, Øystein D. (2012)
  Global connect: Creating value by networking customers

  Business and politics in a new global order, , s. 215-237.

• Huemer, Lars (2012)
  Unchained from the chain: Supply management from a logistics service provider perspective

  Journal of Business Research, 65(2) , s. 258-264. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.05.028

  Vis sammendrag

  The last few years have seen increasing recognition of the work of logistics service providers, as well as the significance of functioning supply relationships. This paper proposes an alternative view of supply management that builds on the observation that traditional supply chain management focuses on logistics clients rather than the service providers themselves. The paper utilizes the 4 Resource Interaction tool to illustrate how a logistics service provider faces different idea structures and activated structures than its clients in three different markets. The resulting resource perceptions and preferred resource combinations create tensions and tradeoffs between the logistics service provider and its clients. Unchaining logistics from the conventional chain structures achieves a more comprehensive understanding of interactions between shippers and logistics service providers.

• Reve, Torger & Sasson, Amir (2012)
  Et kunnskapsbasert Norge

  Universitetsforlaget

• Benito, Gabriel R G; Petersen, Bent & Welch, Lawrence S (2012)
  Dynamics of foreign operation modes and their combinations: Insights for international strategic management

  Handbook of research on international strategic management, , s. 93-115. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781009147.00011

• Reve, Torger (2012)
  "Et kunnskapsbasert Norge"

  [Popular Science Article]. Norsk fiskerinæring, , s. 62-68.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2012)
  Fornyelse av byggenæringen

  [Professional Article]. Byggeindustrien, (11)

• Reve, Torger & Sasson, Amir (2012)
  "Kunnskapsbasert næringslivsutvikling"

  Magma forskning og viten, 15(0112) , s. 16-22.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2012)
  Kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere: Koblere og meglere av kunnskap i norsk næringsliv

  Magma forskning og viten, 15(1) , s. 41-50.

• Modarres, Mohammad; Zaefarian, Tahereh & Sharifyazdi, Mehdi (2012)
  Stochastic capacity allocation, revenue management approach: the existence of modularity property

  The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 60(5-8) , s. 707-722. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3631-9

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Goldeng, Eskil Le Bruyn (2012)
  Innovasjon i byggenæringen

  Magma forskning og viten, 15(1) , s. 51-60.

• Alm, Kristian (2012)
  Responsible Investment in Times of Turmoil

  Springer

• Jahre, Marianne (2012)
  ’Skaffer bedre grunnlag for effektiv nødhjelpslogistikk’

  [Professional Article]. Logistikk & innkjøp,

• Yang, Zhenyu (2012)
  Enterprise 2.0 in organization design—a case study of IT-enabled organization disruption model

  European Journal of Management, 12, s. 202-206.

• Huemer, Lars (2012)
  Organizational identities in networks: Sense-giving and sense-taking in the salmon farming industry

  The IMP Journal, 6(3) , s. 240-253.

• Andersen, Espen (2012)
  Making Enterprise Search Work: From Simple Search Box to Big Data Navigation

  [Professional Article]. MIT CISR Research Briefing, 12(11) , s. 1-4.

• Martinkenaite-Pujanauskiene, Ieva (2012)
  Antecedents of knowledge transfer in acquisitions

  Baltic Journal of Management, 7(2) , s. 167-184. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17465261211219796

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of knowledge‐specific, organizational and inter‐organizational antecedents of transfer in business acquisitions. A study gives special attention to the intrinsic nature of knowledge, absorptive capacity of the acquirer and acquiree, and inter‐firm relationships as key antecedents of transfer. Design/methodology/approach A study provides a comprehensive literature review on the antecedents of knowledge transfer in acquisitions. The paper consolidates, annotates and critiques the existing research on knowledge‐related, organizational and inter‐organizational antecedents of transfer in a specific, yet under‐researched context of acquisitions. Findings The paper reveals four major limitations of the current body of literature: underestimated role of ambiguous and dynamic nature of knowledge in conceptual frameworks of knowledge transfer; implicit simplifying assumptions about the role of dynamic capabilities of the two combining organizations to absorb knowledge; lack of systemic analysis of antecedents, learning processes and performance outcomes of knowledge transfer; and lack of comparative analysis of acquisitions of different types which may reveal diverse patterns of knowledge transfer. The author calls for future research to use more direct observations, longitudinal data and multiple case study methods, so that dynamics and complexity of the knowledge transfer process in acquisitions is better revealed. Originality/value Although our understanding of the complexities of knowledge transfer in acquisitions has increased dramatically over the past years, there remain sufficient gaps and openings for further research to be addressed. As a major contribution to the field, this paper points to the high explanatory power of knowledge ambiguity, lack of absorptive capacity on behalf of the acquirer and acquiree, and the arduous relationship between the two firms as barriers to knowledge transfer in acquisitions.

• Radermacher, Ralf & Brinkmann, Johannes (2012)
  Insurance for the poor? First thoughts about microinsurance business ethics

  Journal of Business Ethics, 103(Supplement 1) , s. 63-76. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1223-8

  Vis sammendrag

  Microinsurance is the provision of insurance services to the poor, usually in developing countries. One of the key criteria of poverty is vulnerability even to minor events. In such cases even micro coverage can make a major difference, yet still be funded by an affordable contribution by the insured. Like any kind of insurance, microinsurance can cover different risks to life, health, farming, property among other things. Our paper sketches how one could address and develop microinsurance business ethics. First we introduce microinsurance to the business ethics community and business ethics to the microinsurance community. Our draft of microinsurance ethics is then developed from two angles: as a holistic understanding of ideals and possible ethical conflicts in key stakeholder relationships and by distinguishing eight challenges when targeting the poor and when marketing microinsurance. As an open ending, the paper suggests a three stage action research design focusing on how microinsurance could (and should) internalize ethics, respecting rather than neglecting national-cultural and local-cultural conditions.

• Lu, Ren & Cao, Jiang (2012)
  Relationships among homogeneous clusters in adjoining cities

  Regional Insights, 3(2) , s. 12-14. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/20429843.2012.10590656

  Vis sammendrag

  This paper discusses relations between industrial clusters of the same type in six cities in China’s Pearl River Delta. The homogenous clusters in metropolitan areas are negatively related to one another. In other words, if the size of a cluster (measured by LQ in terms of the cluster’s number of firms) in one city becomes larger, the size of the same type of clusters that are located in the adjoining cities will become smaller. Furthermore, such negative relations would be intensified if the peripheral cities had clusters similar to those of the metropolitan areas in question.

• Harket, Håkon & Reve, Torger (2012)
  "Gi, så skal dere få!"

  [Popular Science Article]. Formue, (1) , s. 14-19.

• Tomassen, Sverre; Benito, Gabriel R G & Lunnan, Randi (2012)
  Governance costs in foreign direct investments: A MNC headquarters challenge

  Journal of International Management, 18(3) , s. 233-246. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2012.02.002

  Vis sammendrag

  According to transaction cost and internalization theories of multinational enterprises, companies make foreign direct investments (FDI) when the combined costs of operations and governance are lower for FDI than for market or contract based options, such as exports and licensing. Yet, ex post governance costs remain a conjectural construct, which has evaded empirical scrutiny, and the lack of focus on the implications of these costs constitutes a challenge for management in multinational companies (MNCs). What effects does the ensuing establishment of subsidiaries abroad have in terms of governance costs? What factors drive these costs? We hypothesize that such costs are driven by external contingencies as well as factors that characterize a particular company headquarters-subsidiary relationship. Using survey data from Norwegian MNCs, this study investigates 159 MNC-subsidiary relationships. Overall, our framework is corroborated by the data.

• Pettersen, Inger Beate & Tobiassen, Anita Ellen (2012)
  Are born globals really born globals? The case of academic spin-offs with long development periods

  Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 10(2) , s. 117-141. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-012-0086-5

• Lesch, William C. & Brinkmann, Johannes (2012)
  Consumer insurance fraud/abuse as co-creation and co-responsibility: A new paradigm

  Journal of Business Ethics, 103(Supplement 1) , s. 17-32. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1226-5

  Vis sammendrag

  Insurance fraud and abuse—international concerns—are inherent in the proposition of insurance and prevalent in insurer-insured interactions. While the subject of considerable industry and regulatory attention, this little-researched area of consumer behavior and consumer ethics represents persistent social policy questions and problems at multiple levels. This paper addresses the issue by first defining insurance fraud and its origins in contract, as well as consumer- and insurer-management. The authors conclude by re-envisioning the problem as one of co-creation by the consumer-insured and insurer personnel, proposing a framework for its study and resolution.

• Reve, Torger & Dyrkoren, Erik (2012)
  Maritim innovasjon for det 21. århundre

  [Popular Science Article]. Teknisk Ukeblad, 115(116)

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Håkansson, Håkan & Jahre, Marianne (2012)
  A critical discussion of models for conceptualizing the economic logic of construction

  Construction Management and Economics, 31(2) , s. 104-118. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2012.745645

  Vis sammendrag

  The construction industry has developed a certain economic logic that reflects the way in which tasks, parts, and units are organized and related to each other in order to create economic benefits in the construction process. The present study examines how four different models in the literature that portray this logic complement and constitute alternatives to understandings of the economic logic of construction industry. Along with transaction cost economics, we have identified three more empirically-based models: a project-oriented model, a supply-chain-oriented model, and a network-oriented model. Associated with different streams of research, these models are discussed in terms of the typical problems and key interdependencies in the construction process they address, and the type of solutions they suggest, including organizing principles for how construction parties should relate to each other. The findings show how examining different models provides a comprehensive, albeit non-exhaustive overview and explanation of why the construction process is organized in the way it is. There is a need for increased awareness of the utilization of models (or combinations of models) and the models must also be seen as arguments in a broader discussion of how the construction process could or should function.

• Jahre, Marianne; Dumoulin, Luc, Greenhalgh, Langdon, Hudspeth, Claudia, Limlim, Philip & Spindler, Anna (2012)
  Improving health in developing countries - reducing complexity of drug supply chains

  Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2(1) , s. 54-84. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/20426741211226000

  Vis sammendrag

  Uganda is one of many African countries struggling to develop adequate healthcare, particularly at the last mile of local treatment and regards access to drugs. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to understanding of how reduced supply chain complexity can improve health in developing countries.Based on a study and evaluation that included 50 interviews and 27 site visits of the public healthcare system in Karamoja, north-east Uganda, a mapping of drug supply chains was undertaken to identify causes of stocks-outs and possible solutions. A model for logistics process redesign is used for the analysis and results quantified. The main conclusion is that less supply chain complexity leads to lower costs while also reducing stock-outs because better integration between information and goods flows shortens lead-times and improves efficiency. While the empirical study is extensive, there are uncertainties in the data that must be taken into account. The effects of the suggested solutions remain to be analysed and documented upon implementation.The study was rooted in a practical problem and provides practical solutions in terms of quick wins and more long-term changes to solve problems with stock-outs of life-saving drugs. The paper provides an understanding as to the applicability of traditional logistics principles in a context characterized by lack of health system infrastructure, financial resources, capacity and competence and contributes with much needed in-depth understanding of humanitarian logistics reality to the academic community

• Rouzies, Audrey & Colman, Helene Loe (2012)
  Identification Processes in Post-Acquisition Integration: The Role of Social Interactions

  Corporate Reputation Review, 15(3) , s. 143-157. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/crr.2012.8

• Kolltveit, Bjørn Johs.; Reve, Torger & Lereim, Jon (2012)
  Prosjekt: Strategi, organisering, ledelse og gjennomføring

  [Textbook]. Universitetsforlaget

• Yang, Zhenyu & Føleide, Lars (2012)
  The importance of self-efficacy for entrepreneurial success

  International Academy of Business and Economics, 13, s. 135-140.

• Sohrabpour, V.; Hellström, D. & Jahre, Marianne (2012)
  Packaging in developing countries: identifying supply chain needs

  Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2(2) , s. 183-205. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/20426741211260750

• Hennestad, Bjørn Wessel; Revang, Øivind & Strønen, Fred H. (2012)
  Endringsledelse og ledelsesendring : endringslæring for praktisk orienterte teoretikere og reflekterte praktikere

  Universitetsforlaget

• Stensrud, Erik & Myrtveit, Ingunn (2012)
  Validity and reliability of evaluation procedures in comparative studies of effort prediction models

  Empirical Software Engineering, 17(1-2) , s. 23-33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-011-9183-7

• Reve, Torger; Kristoffersen, Henning & Bekkevold, Jo Inge (2012)
  Internasjonaliseringen av kinesisk næringsliv

  Kinas økonomi, , s. 170-188.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Wennes, Grete (2012)
  Organisere og lede: Dilemmaer i praksis

  [Textbook]. Fagbokforlaget

• Hveem, Helge; Knutsen, Carl Henrik & Rygh, Asmund (2012)
  State ownership, political risk and foreign direct investment

  Business and politics in a new global order, , s. 89-110.

• Pettersen, Lene & Brandtzæg, Petter Bae (2012)
  Privacy challenges in Enterprise 2.0

  Selected Papers of Internet Research, SPIR,

  Vis sammendrag

  This study explores privacy challenges in Enterprise 2.0 (E2.0) in a large-scale multinational knowledge-intensive company. The study focuses on the dilemma of sociability vs. privacy likely to arise under E2.0 models, applying both social capital and privacy regulation theory. A qualitative approach has been selected to gain deeper insights into the interplay of E2.0 mechanisms, surveillance and privacy. This was done by using a comprehensive qualitative case study of 27 in-depth interviews and participatory observations of professional knowledge-workers using E2.0 at work in Norway, Denmark, UK and Morocco. Ethnographic field studies were conducted in Norway and Morocco in 2010 and 2011, with follow up studies in 2012. The results show that introducing E2.0 into the workplace is not without privacy risks. Many of the employees in this study report an experience of being monitored when using E2.0 and a fear of leaving digital footprints that the company can misuse. These results pinpoint the importance of balancing sociability, knowledge sharing and privacy in E2.0 solutions, as well as a firm understanding of different user needs in regards to privacy and trust. Different practices of using E2.0 often lead to both larger and visible gaps between employees (i.e., those who contribute and those who don't), as well as different privacy concerns or dilemmas. As a privacy strategy, employees report to collaborate and interacts offline with co-workers. Finally, our study places the E2.0 dilemma on the agenda, and is one important contribution to the fairly unexplored field of social media migrating into global and electronically monitored workplaces, where spaces for privacy become increasingly blurred.

• Bjørkeng, Kjersti & Hydle, Katja Maria (2012)
  Innovating professionalism in a communication consultancy

  Handbook of Organizational and Managerial Innovation, , s. 338-362. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781005873.00023

• Karlsen, Siv Marina Flø; Youzhen, Zhao & Lunnan, Randi (2012)
  Born-Global Firms from China and Norway : A Comparison

  Internationalization of Emerging Economies and Firms, , s. 115-140?. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230363663_6

• Fjeldstad, Øystein D.; Snow, Charles C., Miles, Raymond E. & Lettl, Christopher (2012)
  The architecture of collaboration

  Strategic Management Journal, 33(6) , s. 734-750. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.1968

• Baraldi, Enrico; Gressetvold, Espen & Harrison, Debbie (2012)
  Resource interaction in inter-organizational networks: Foundations, comparison, and a research agenda

  Journal of Business Research, 65(2) , s. 266-276. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.05.030

• Asbjørnslett, Bjørn Egil; Lindstad, Haakon & Pedersen, Jan Tore (2012)
  Information technology in maritime logistics management : a case-based approach from CoA to SLA

  Maritime logistics: Contemporary issues, , s. 133-153. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/9781780523415-008

• Lindstad, Haakon; Asbjørnslett, Bjørn Egil & Pedersen, Jan Tore (2012)
  Green maritime logistics and sustainability

  Maritime logistics: Contemporary issues, , s. 227-243. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/9781780523415-012

• Schlierer, Hans-Jörg; Werner, Andrea, Signori, Silvana, Garriga, Elisabeth, Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien, Rossem, Annick Van & Fassin, Yves (2012)
  How Do European SME Owner-Managers Make Sense of 'Stakeholder Management'?: Insights from a Cross-National Study

  Journal of Business Ethics, 109(1) , s. 39-51. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1378-3

• Alm, Kristian (2011)
  Responsible Investments in Times of Turmoil

  Springer

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2011)
  Ethics as a challenge to well‐established morality?

  Responsibility, Deep Ecology and the Self: Festschrift in Honor of Knut J. Ims, , s. 189-198.

• Brinkmann, Johannes; Kyrtsis, Alexandros-Andreas & Webb, Kernaghan (2011)
  What role can contract law play in making risky technological projects safer and less expensive?

  [Professional Article]. Nordisk försäkringstidskrift/Nordisk Forsikringstidskrift (NFT),

• Sasson, Amir (2011)
  Knowledge Based Health

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  In this study, we assess the underlying properties of a global knowledge hub to examine the extent to which the Norwegian health industry constitutes such a hub. We begin with a general discussion of the industry before we examine the underlying properties of global knowledge hubs: cluster attractiveness, educational attractiveness, talent attractiveness, R&D and innovation attractiveness, ownership attractiveness, environmental attractiveness and cluster dynamics. We conclude by providing clear recommendations for business and public policy.

• Andersen, Espen (2011)
  Hvorfor ikke Skype?

  e24 (internett),

• Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien & Shankar, Deepthi (2011)
  How Can SMEs in a Cluster Respond to Global Demands for Corporate Responsibility?

  Journal of Business Ethics, 101(2) , s. 175-195. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0708-6

• Martinkenaite-Pujanauskiene, Ieva (2011)
  Antecedents and consequences of inter-organizational knowledge transfer: Emerging themes and openings for further research

  Baltic Journal of Management, 6(1) , s. 53-70. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17465261111100888

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of the current body of research on inter‐organizational knowledge transfer, indicating some of its limitations and openings for future studies. It maps research in an integrative framework of knowledge‐specific, organizational and network‐level antecedents and performance outcomes of transfer. When assuming that transfer of knowledge does not by itself influence organizational performance, this study gives special attention to a mediating role of knowledge acquisition in relationship between antecedents and performance outcomes of transfer. Design/methodology/approach In this conceptual paper the author consolidates, annotates and critiques existing research on antecedents and consequences of inter‐firm knowledge transfer. The author reveals limitations of the current body of literature and provides directions for future research. Findings This paper points to the underestimated role of knowledge acquisition in conceptual models of inter‐firm knowledge transfer. The author suggests that the extent, type and nature of “new knowledge learned” mediate the relationship between various antecedents of transfer and financial, product/market and strategic performance of firms. Related to this, the study calls future research to analyze knowledge transfer as a two‐stage process that involves acquisition of knowledge and its exploitation. Originality/value Although research on inter‐organizational knowledge transfer is burgeoning, yet our understanding of its antecedents and consequences remains unclear. As a first step to filling this gap, this study provides a comprehensive literature review, reveals its limitations and suggests meaningful directions for further research. It points to high explanatory value of theoretical frameworks that examine linkages between antecedents of transfer, learning outcomes and firm performance results.

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Doyle, Aaron (2011)
  Insurance, Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility

  [Popular Science Article]. Nordisk försäkringstidskrift/Nordisk Forsikringstidskrift (NFT),

• Brinkmann, Johannes; Sims, Ronald R. & Nelson, Lawrence J. (2011)
  Business Ethics Across the Curriculum?

  Journal of Business Ethics Education, 8

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Friis, Gabriele (2011)
  Mikroforsikring ‐ på norsk?

  [Popular Science Article]. Nordisk försäkringstidskrift/Nordisk Forsikringstidskrift (NFT),

• Sasson, Amir (2011)
  Knowledge-based metals & materials

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  This study presents the Norwegian metal and material industry (defined as all metal and material related firms located in Norway, regardless of ownership) and evaluates the industry according to the underlying dimensions of a global knowledge hub - cluster attractiveness, education attractiveness, talent attractiveness, R&D and innovation attractiveness, ownership attractiveness, environmental attractiveness and cluster dynamics.

• Persson, Kurt Gøran (2011)
  Logistikk og ledelse av forsyningskjeder

  [Textbook]. Gyldendal Akademisk

• Benito, Gabriel R G (2011)
  Outward FDI and its policy context, 2010

  Inward and Outward FDI Country Profiles, , s. 170-182.

• Swärd, Anna Sundberg & Lunnan, Randi (2011)
  Does it Matter Who Trusts? A Multilevel Approach to Trust in an Alliance

  Behavioral Perspectives on Strategic Alliances, , s. 109-134-109-134.

• Jahre, Marianne & Flygansvær, Bente M. (2011)
  Logistikk og Miljø (ch.17), in Persson, G. and Virum, H. (eds.) Logistikk og ledelse av forsyningskjeder, Gyldendal Akademisk

  Logistikk og ledelse av forsyningskjeder,

• Tomassen, Sverre (2011)
  Governance costs in international operations: Why do they still concern us?

  EIBAzine, 3(8) , s. 10-14.

• Benito, Gabriel R G; Lunnan, Randi & Tomassen, Sverre (2011)
  Distant Encounters of the Third Kind: Multinational Companies Locating Divisional Headquarters Abroad

  Journal of Management Studies, 48(2) , s. 373-394. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00962.x

• Yang, Zhenyu (2011)
  Disrupt the Disruptor: A Theoretical Approach of Cloud Computing on IT Outsourcing Industry Disruption

  International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Desember, s. 526-531. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2011.99

• Swärd, Anna Sundberg & Lunnan, Randi (2011)
  Trust and control in fixed duration alliances

  International Journal of Strategic Business Alliances, 2(1/2) , s. 41-68. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSBA.2011.038133

• Reve, Torger (2011)
  "The Norwegian Oil and Gas Industry: A Global Knowledge Hub"

  [Popular Science Article]. PetroNews, 2

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Goldeng, Eskil (2011)
  En kunnskapsbasert bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsnæring

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Forskningsrapporten presenterer resultater fra studien ”En kunnskapsbasert bygg-, anlegg – og eiendomsnæring”. Studien er en av 13 delstudier innenfor forskningsprosjektet ”Et kunnskapsbasert Norge”, som for tiden gjennomføres ved Handelshøyskolen BI under faglig ledelse av Torger Reve. Delstudien ble initiert av referansegruppen for Senter for byggenæringen ved BI og finansiert av en rekke bedrifter og bransjeforeninger i den norske bygg-, anlegg – og eiendomsnæringen (BAE-næringen). Studien ble gjennomført ved senteret i perioden mellom april 2010 og mars 2011. Målsetningen med studien har vært å bidra til en økt forståelse for hvilken rolle BAE- næringen kan spille i et kunnskapsbasert Norge. Studien fokuserer på hvordan kunnskap utvikles og spres i næringen og hvilke muligheter og begrensninger som finnes for innovasjon.

• Lunnan, Randi; Benito, Gabriel R G & Tomassen, Sverre (2011)
  Moving Abroad: Factors that motivate foreign location of headquarter activities

  Advances in International Management, 24, s. 127-152. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-5027(2011)0000024013

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Tak, Devendra (2011)
  Microinsurance – Ensuring Insurance for the Most Vulnerable

  [Popular Science Article]. Nordisk försäkringstidskrift/Nordisk Forsikringstidskrift (NFT),

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Sims, Ronald R. (2011)
  Business Ethics Curriculum Development: Balancing Idealism and Realism

  Experiences in Teaching Business Ethics, , s. 27-51.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2011)
  Putting career morality on the agenda of business students : how one could use a play and survey results for triggering moral reflection

  Experiences in Teaching Business Ethics, , s. 83-96.

• Andersen, Espen (2011)
  Knowledge-based IT & software

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Abstract This report describes and analyzes the Norwegian IT industry, focusing on two categories of companies: Those that provide information technology as a product largely developed by themselves, and those that provide information technology services – mostly by taking foreign technology and making it available to Norwegian companies and organizations. The biggest opportunity for value creation with IT in Norway lies in increasing the productivity in public administration and service provisioning. Procedures and structures are still modeled on paper as a medium and geographical distance as a hindrance. While strides have been made in improving the interface between the public and the government, much remains to be done in the back office. Norway’s challenge is to convert the enthusiasm with which the population adopts new technologies into an equally strong enthusiasm for government and business to adopt their processes and services to the new technology.

• Yang, Zhenyu (2011)
  Look beyond utility model-disruptive cloud computing for future ICT4D research

  International Proceedings of Computer Science and Information Technology (IPCSIT), 5

• Reve, Torger & Lu, Ren (2011)
  "Guanxi, structural hole and closure"

  Journal of Strategy and Management., 4(3) , s. 275-288. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17554251111152289

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose — Understanding China’s economic success requires insights into its peculiar guanxi-based market. Many scholars are confused how to apply western network theories to the Chinese guanxi-based market. This paper contributes to this comprehensive topic by theoretically exploring the differences among three fundamental network concepts: (1) guanxi, (2) structural hole and (3) closure. Design/methodology/approach — Following Heide (1994), we categorize a network into three dimensions: (1) network initiation, (2) network maintenance and (3) network termination, based on different time phases. We compare the three fundamental network concepts in every dimension, laying out detailed similarities and dissimilarities among them. Findings — All three networks are initiated either naturally or artificially, but guanxi is closely embedded in the Chinese institutions. Unlike structural hole and closure, which can be applied at any level, guanxi is a special relation that only exists at the individual level. Structural hole and closure highlight networks’ structures which bring them various benefits and constrains. Such merits are not evident in guanxi in which favor exchange plays a crucial role in connecting entities. In addition, guanxi has a special rule to affect the strength of ties. Originality/value — The purpose of this paper is to articulate the differences among guanxi, structural hole, and closure. With our systematic framework, we offer a platform to scholars who are interested in applying the western network theory to guanxi-based market, and our work also provides non-Chinese who are doing business in China with new insights.

• Reve, Torger (2011)
  "From Industrial Clusters to Global Knowledge Hubs"

  Journal of Competuitiveness and Strategy, 1(1) , s. 63-76.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2011)
  Kunnskapsbaserte tjenester

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Målet med denne studien har vært å undersøke hvordan og på hvilke måter kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere bidrar til innovasjon i en økonomi hvor ulike aktører er tett sammenvevd i et nettverk. Denne studien har hatt to hovedhensikter. For det første å undersøke attraktiviteten til kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere i Norge og deretter forsøke å forstå hvordan de kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteyterne bidrar til innovasjon gjennom sine tjenesteleveranser til sine kunder. Generelt kan vi konkludere med at kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere er viktige for verdiskaping i Norge. De fungerer i mange sammenhenger som koblere og kunnskapsmeglere mellom organisasjoner og kunnskapsfelt. Samtidig er kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere avhengige av andre vekstkraftige næringer og en avansert offentlig sektor for å vokse og utvikle seg. Imidlertid er det flere implikasjoner vi har sett som følge av vårt studium: • Behov for mer enhetlig offentlig statistikk for å kunne følge utviklingen av kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere. • Få en bedre forståelse av hva som kjennetegner grønne beitemarker for kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere. • En mulighet for det offentlige Norge til å utvikle seg som en grønn beitemark for kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere og derigjennom drive indirekte næringsutvikling. Et eksempel på tiltak som kan bidra til å skape flere grønne beitemarker for kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere er offentlig privat samarbeid (OPS). • Forstå bedre sammenhengen mellom internasjonalisering av øvrig næringsliv og internasjonalisering av kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere. • Tilgang på rett type talenter er svært viktig for kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere. Pr dags dato er det spesielt ingeniørmangelen som er mest utfordrende. Her trengs det muligens et mer fleksibelt system for utenlandsk arbeidskraftrekruttering i Norge og at virksomheten utvikler kompetanse på hvordan de skal rekruttere arbeidskraft fra utlandet.

• Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2011)
  Embedding CSR as a learning and knowledge creating process: the case for SMEs in Norway

  Journal of Management Development, 30(10) , s. 067-1084. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711111182547

• Jahre, Marianne; Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Grønland, Stein Erik (2011)
  Logistikk i Praksis (ch.4), in Persson, G. and Virum, H. (eds.) Logistikk og ledelse av forsyningskjeder, Gyldendal Akademisk

  Logistikk og ledelse av forsyningskjeder,

• Lu, Ren & Ma, Jing (2011)
  Can Western interorganizational governance mechanisms be applied to a guanxi-based market?

  Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 3(2) , s. 114-131. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17574321111169812

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose — The emergence of “interorganizational marketing” as a hot topic leads to one key question: can interorganizational governance mechanisms (socialization, incentives, and monitoring) offered by marketing theory be applied to China, an emerging economy characterized by the Chinese guanxi relationship? This paper finds that the answer is “yes” and develops a theoretical model to show such interactions. Design/methodology/approach — The paper applies interorganizational strategies to interpersonal relationships. Guanxi was categorized into three categories – family members, helpers and business partners – which meet each of the three governance mechanisms (in addition to favoring exchange as a special and typical Chinese governance mechanism) in the model. Findings — Through ex-post role activation, the paper argues that guanxi is a dynamic balance and the ways in which various governance mechanisms can set roles will lead to the roles either changing (reinforcement or dilution) or switching (helper to business partner, and vice versa). It seems futile to implement external governance mechanisms on family ties (the main category of guanxi) that have been firmly rooted in Chinese culture. On the other hand, applying the four mentioned governance mechanisms could reinforce, maintain, or dilute helper and business partner roles, or even make it possible to switch from one to another. Originality/value — The paper proposes a new concept regarding relationship marketing, namely the application of governance mechanisms to interpersonal relationships, which provides people doing business in China with a new perspective for reference.

• Yang, Zhenyu (2011)
  TOWARD DIGITAL DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES --- A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION

  International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, 2(1) , s. 1-18.

• Andersen, Espen (2011)
  Knowledge-based IT & software: A report on the Norwegian IT industry

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Ingemansson, Malena (2011)
  Public policy and industry views on innovation in construction

  The IMP Journal, 5(3) , s. 157-171.

• Lunnan, Randi & Nygaard, Arne (2011)
  Strategiske Allianser

  Fagbokforlaget

• Jong, Gjalt de; Phan, T. Binh & Ees, Hans van (2011)
  Does the meta-environment determine firm performance? Theory and evidence from European multinational enterprises

  International Business Review, 20(4) , s. 454-465. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.08.003

• Persson, Kurt Gøran & Huemer, Lars (2011)
  Samarbeid i forsyningskjeder

  Logistikk og ledelse av forsyningskjeder, , s. 357-369.

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (2011)
  Crossing Innovation Frontiers

  QUIS 12. Advances in service quality, innovation, and excellence, , s. 775-784.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Lervik, Jon Erland Bonde (2011)
  Learning International Servicing: Simultaneously Creating Knowledge and Value. Insight from the research project Terrella

  [Report Research]. BI Norwegian School of Management

• Østergaard, Charlotte; Sasson, Amir & Sørensen, Bent E. (2011)
  The Marginal Value of Cash, Cash Flow Sensitivities, and Bank-Finance Shocks in Non-Listed Firms

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  We study how nonlisted firms trade off financial, real, and distributive uses of cash. We show that firms' marginal value of cash (MVC) affects the mix of external and internal finance used to absorb fluctuations in cash flows; in particular, high-MVC firms employ substantially more external finance on the margin. Linking firms to their main bank, we find that shocks to bank finance affect firms' trade-offs and have real effects in high-MVC firms, making investment more sensitive to firm cash ow. Our analysis suggests that shocks to external financing costs are transmitted to the real economy via firms' marginal value of cash.

• Kilponen, Juha & Leitemo, Kai (2011)
  Transmission lags and optimal monetary policy

  Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 35(4) , s. 565-578. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2010.12.011

• Jahre, Marianne & Persson, Kurt Gøran (2011)
  Logistikk og Ledelse av forsyningskjeder (ch.3), in Persson, G. and Virum, H. (eds.) Logistikk og ledelse av forsyningskjeder, Gyldendal Akademisk

  Logistikk og ledelse av forsyningskjeder,

• Colman, Helene Loe & Lunnan, Randi (2011)
  Organizational Identification and Serendipitous Value Creation in Post-Acquisition Integration

  Journal of Management, 37(3) , s. 839-860. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309354645

  Vis sammendrag

  This study tells the story of two acquisitions made by a company the authors call Multifirm. Multifirm acquired two targets, Datagon and Teknico. The Datagon employees immediately identified with Multifirm, and the integration process was characterized by few conflicts and satisfied employees. The Teknico employees, on the other hand, failed to identify with Multifirm, and the integration process was fraught with disruptions and conflicts. Contrary to the conventional wisdom of identity threats, Multifirm reported that more value was created from the acquisition of Teknico than from Datagon. In this article, we try to understand why this was the case.

• Benito, Gabriel R G; Petersen, Bent & Welch, Lawrence S (2011)
  Mode Combinations and International Operations Theoretical Issues and an Empirical Investigation

  Management International Review (MIR), 51(6) , s. 803-820. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-011-0101-4

  Vis sammendrag

  An enduring characteristic of extant literature on foreign operation modes is its discrete choice approach, where companies are assumed to choose one among a small number of distinctive alternatives. • In this paper, detailed information about the operations of six Norwegian companies in three key markets (China, UK and USA) is used as the basis for an exploration of the extent to which, and how and why, companies combine clearly different foreign operation modes. We examine their use of foreign operation mode combinations within given value activities as well as within given countries. • The study reveals that companies tend to combine modes of operation; thereby producing unique foreign operation mode “packages” for given activities and/or countries, and that the packages are liable to be modified over time – providing a potentially important optional path for international expansion. • The data show considerable variation across cases; ranging from extensive use of mode combinations to a singular focus on a specific mode of operation. The study contributes to a refinement of our understanding of the path of internationalisation, and throws up a number of awkward theoretical questions about the process.

• Bjørnland, Hilde C; Leitemo, Kai & Maih, Junior (2011)
  Estimating the natural rates in a simple New Keynesian framework

  Empirical Economics, 40(3) , s. 755-777. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-010-0366-7

• Sasson, Amir & Blomgren, Atle (2011)
  Knowledge Based Oil and Gas Industry

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  This study presents the Norwegian upstream oil and gas industry (defined as all oil and gasrelated firms located in Norway, regardless of ownership) and evaluates the industry according to the underlying dimensions of a global knowledge hub - cluster attractiveness, education attractiveness, talent attractiveness, R&D and innovation attractiveness, ownership attractiveness, environmental attractiveness and cluster dynamics.

• Snow, Charles C.; Fjeldstad, Øystein D., Lettl, Christopher & Miles, Raymond E. (2011)
  Organizing Continuous Product Development and Commercialization: The Collaborative Community of Firms Model

  Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(1) , s. 3-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00777.x

• Nesheim, Torstein; Olsen, Karen Modesta & Tobiassen, Anita Ellen (2011)
  Knowledge communities in matrix-like organizations: managing knowledge towards application

  Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(5) , s. 836-850. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271111174357

• Songstad, Stein Ove; Bjørkelo, Birte, Dahle, Tone Mari, Husabø, Gunnar & Bjørnstad, Stein (2011)
  Evaluering av faglig og økonomisk styring i det statlige barnevernet

  [Report Research]. Deloitte

• Lunnan, Randi; Ness, Håvard & Traavik, Laura E. Mercer (2011)
  Alliance formation: the impact of teams and individuals in initial negotiations

  International Journal of Strategic Business Alliances, 2(4) , s. 271-286. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSBA.2011.044856

• Andersen, Espen (2011)
  Microsoft + Skype

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2011)
  Google pluss minus

  e24 (internett),

• Wenstøp, Fred (2010)
  Operations research and ethics: development trends 1966-2009

  International Transactions in Operational Research, 17(4) , s. 413-426. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3995.2009.00730.x

• Andersen, Espen (2010)
  Edging towards the semantic web: Protocols, curation and seeds

  [Professional Article]. ACM Ubiquity, (november)

• Wilberg, Erik (2010)
  Young people and media use. (Ung mediebruk)

  [Report Research]. Wilberg Management as

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth (2010)
  Samarbeid og læring i byggenæringen. Forskningsrapport nr. 2

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Amdam, Rolv Petter & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2010)
  Utdanning av norske næringslivstopper kontinuitet eller brudd?

  Magma forskning og viten, 13(3) , s. 37-42.

• Alm, Kristian (2010)
  The Norwegian Pension Fund: an ethical ‘gold standard’ for international climatic investments?

  Innovative regulatory approaches coping with Scandinavian and European Union policies, , s. 131-147.

• Sasson, Amir (2010)
  Knowledge-based Grenland

  [Report Research]. Grenland

• Benito, Gabriel R G (2010)
  Mode Combinations and International Operations: Theoretical Issues and an Empirical Investigation

  [Report Research]. Center for Strategic Management and Globalization, Copenhagen Business School

• Benito, Gabriel R G (2010)
  Norwegian Outward FDI and its Policy Context

  [Report Research]. Columbia FDI Profiles

• Reve, Torger (2010)
  Næringsklynger og kunnskapshubber

  [Report Research]. Minerva

• Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2010)
  Corporate Social Responsibility: One size does not fit all. Collecting Evidence from Europe

  [Report Research]. A. Argandona

• Reve, Torger (2010)
  Case study - the global maritime knowledge hub

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Andersen, Espen (2010)
  EDB + Ergo = tja

  e24 (internett),

• Jahre, Marianne; dumoulin, luc & greenhalgh, langdon (2010)
  Health Commodities Supply Chain Assessment in Karamoja Region – Uganda

  [Report Research]. Global Emergency Group

• Wilberg, Erik (2010)
  Media Prospect 2011

  [Report Research]. Norwegian Publishers Association

• Sasson, Amir & Minoja, Mario (2010)
  Banking on Ambidexterity: A Longitudinal Study of Ambidexterity, Volatility, and Performance

  Handbook of Strategy Process Research,

• Nordhaug, Odd & Løwendahl, Bente R. (2010)
  Kommunikasjon og mestring i organisasjoner: et olympisk case

  Retorikk, idrett og samfunn, , s. 287-311.

• Argandoña, Antonio & Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2010)
  Corporate Social Responsibility: One Size Does Not Fit All. Collecting Evidence from Europe

  Journal of Business Ethics, 89, s. 221-234.

• Benito, Gabriel & Tomassen, Sverre (2010)
  Governance Costs in Headquarters-Subsidiary Relationships

  Managing the Contemporary Multinational: The Role of Headquarters, , s. 138-159.

• Fjeldstad, Øystein & Sasson, Amir (2010)
  Membership Matters: On the Value of Being Embedded in Customer Networks

  Journal of Management Studies, 47(6) , s. 944-966. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00901.x

• Majewski, Brian; Navangul, Kaustubh Anil & Heigh, I. (2010)
  A Peek into the Future of Humanitarian Logistics: Forewarned is Forearmed

  Supply Chain Forum: an International Journal, 11(3) , s. 4-19.

• Huemer, Lars (2010)
  Corporate Social Responsibility and Multinational Corporation Identity: Norwegian Strategies in the Chilean Aquaculture Industry

  Journal of Business Ethics, 91(suppl. 2) , s. 265-277. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0618-7

• Andersen, Espen (2010)
  Fra McKinsey til Grandiosa: Når er dyre råd gode?

  [Report Research]. ISCO Communication

• Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2010)
  Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): A Participatory Approach to Implementing CSR in a Cluster

  [Report Research]. Samfunns- og næringslivsforskning (SNF)

  Vis sammendrag

  This report is focused on why and how a participatory approach to implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in a cluster would be beneficial for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Norwegian Center of Expertise (NCE) Subsea cluster in Bergen, Norway. The political and strategic reasons, as well as internal motivation, for SMEs to incorporate CSR into their business strategies are discussed with support from relevant literature. Furthermore, the report reviews different approaches to incorporating CSR as part of a business strategy and provides examples from the European and Norwegian context. In conclusion, an action plan is outlined on how a participatory cluster approach can be implemented with the help of ISO 260000.

• Reve, Torger & Nordkvelde, Marius (2010)
  "Case study - the global maritime knowledge hub"

  [Report Research]. BI Norwegian School of Management

  Vis sammendrag

  MARINTEK is currently conducting a pilot project to develop a new maritime knowledge center, World Ocean Space Center, as part of the vision project "The Third Wave”. Based on this project, MARINTEK (Trondheim) has asked BI Norwegian School of Management to conduct this case study. The case study is a follow-up to the research report, “Norway - a global maritime knowledge hub” (Reve 2009). Marius Nordkvelde, BI Norwegian School of Management has been responsible for data collection, interviews and case study write ups. Herman Ness and Nicolai Alexander Kirkeng, BI Norwegian School of Management have made significant contributions to the following case studies in the form of write ups and interviews: DNV, Hywind, Ulstein Group, Sway, Fugro OCEANOR and Kongsberg Maritime. Torger Reve has provided the theoretical and methodological framework of the study. The case study has been conducted as part of the large national research project, “A Knowledge- Based Norway” at BI Norwegian School of Management, led by professor Torger Reve.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Nordhaug, Odd (2010)
  Olympiske kompetanser som språkutvikling

  Retorikk, idrett og samfunn, , s. 313-332.

• Lorange, Peter & Fjeldstad, Øystein D. (2010)
  Redesigning Organizations for the 21st Century: Lessons from the Global Shipping Industry

  Organizational Dynamics, 39(2) , s. 184-193. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2010.01.007

• Harrison, Debbie & Kjellberg, Hans (2010)
  Segmenting a market in the making: Industrial market segmentation as construction

  Industrial Marketing Management, 39(5) , s. 784-792. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2009.05.016

• John, George & Reve, Torger (2010)
  Transaction Cost Analysis in Marketing: Looking Back, Moving Forward

  Journal of Retailing, 86(3) , s. 248-256. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2010.07.012

• Jahre, Marianne (2010)
  Field Logistics and Logistics in the Field - Undertaking a mission or performing research in humanitarian logistics

  Supply Chain Forum: an International Journal, 11(3)

• Jahre, Marianne & Jensen, Leif-Magnus (2010)
  Coordination in humanitarian logistics through clusters

  International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 40(8-9) , s. 657-674. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/09600031011079319

• Moen, Espen R; Riis, Christian & Fjeldstad, Øystein D. (2010)
  Competition with local network externalities

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Local network externalities are present when the utility of buying from a firm not only depends on the number of other customers (global network externalities), but also on their identity and / or characteristics. We explore the consequences of local network externalities within a framework where two firms compete offering differentiated products. We first show that local network externalities, in contrast to global network externalities, don't necessarily sharpen competition. Then we show that the equilibrium allocation is inefficient, in the sense that the allocation of consumers on firms does not maximize social surplus. Finally we show that local network externalities create a difference between the marginal and the average consumer, which gives rise to inefficiently high usage prices and too high level of compatibility between the networks.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik; Lervik, Jon Erland Bonde & Ove, Bjarnar (2010)
  Regional innovasjonspolitikk i et internasjonalt vakuum?

  [Report Research]. Høgskolen i Molde

• Bygballe, Lena; Jahre, Marianne & Swärd, Anna Sundberg (2010)
  Partnering relationships in construction:A literature review

  Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 16(4) , s. 239-253. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2010.08.002

  Vis sammendrag

  There is no unified view as to what partnering in construction actually is. Particularly the relationship dimension of the concept is unclear. The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature in order to identify the main assumptions about partnering relationships in construction research and practice. The literature is compared to the Construction Industry Institute’s (CII 1991) frequently cited definition of partnering as a long-term commitment between two or more parties in which shared understanding and trust develop for the benefits of improving construction. The literature review reveals a tendency to focus on project partnering in dyads between clients and contractors and there is also an emphasis on formal tools to develop these relationships, even if social aspects and relationship dynamics are recognised. The paper discusses these findings and suggests that, in order to increase the understanding of the substance and function of partnering relationships, it could be useful to incorporate knowledge from theoretical perspectives that are more in line with the CII definition. Two perspectives that seem particularly interesting in this respect are Supply Chain Management (SCM) and the Industrial Network Approach (INA), both of which focus on long-term relationships between actors beyond the dyad. INA also emphasises the informal aspects of relationship development. Incorporating these dimensions of partnering relationships requires processual and longitudinal studies, which are relatively rare in the contemporary partnering literature.

• Bankvall, Lars; Bygballe, Lena, Dubois, Anna & Jahre, Marianne (2010)
  Interdependence in supply chains and projects in construction

  Supply chain management, 15(5) , s. 385-393. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541011068314

• Nordhaug, Odd & Løwendahl, Bente R. (2010)
  Kommunikasjon og mestring: et olympisk case

  Retorikk, idrett og samfunn, , s. 287-312.

• Felzensztein, Christian; Huemer, Lars & Gimmon, Eli (2010)
  The effects of co-location on marketing externalities in the salmon-farming industry

  The journal of business & industrial marketing, 25(1) , s. 73-82. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/08858621011009173

• Hashai, Niron; Asmussen, Christian G., Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Petersen, Bent (2010)
  Technological Knowledge Intensity and Entry Mode Diversity

  Management International Review (MIR), 50(6) , s. 659-681. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0059-7

• Petersen, Bent; Welch, Lawrence S & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2010)
  Managing the Internalisation Process

  Management International Review (MIR), 50(2) , s. 137-154. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0031-6

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Nordhaug, Odd (2010)
  Olympiske kompetanser som språk

  Retorikk, idrett og samfunn, , s. 313-322.

• Hammervoll, Trond & Bø, Eirill (2010)
  Shipper-carrier integration: Overcoming the transparency problem through trust and collaboration

  European Journal of Marketing, 44(7-8) , s. 1121-1139. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561011047553

• Harrison, Debbie; Holmen, Elsebeth & Pedersen, Ann-Charlott (2010)
  How companies strategise deliberately in networks using strategic initiatives

  Industrial Marketing Management, 39(6) , s. 947-955. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.06.014

  Vis sammendrag

  In this paper we contend that there is little idiographic empirical research that considers the issue of deliberate networking action in full-faced network contexts. We address the issue through the use of strategic initiatives as a form of deliberate networking action. IMP research argues the ability of an organisation to manage in a network context that involves the pull of the network and the action of the individual organisation (Håkansson & Ford 2002; Möller & Halinen 1999; Möller & Svahn 2003; Ritter, Wilkinson & Johnston, 2004; Zolkiewski 2007). Yet the paradox logic reminds us that a firm still needs to act, to try and control and influence, to suggest ideas and initiatives, to set limits and to seek opportunities. Strategic initiatives allow for conscious strategising at the same time as ongoing adaptations in activities and resources occur. Based on two complementary case studies we suggest five approaches for deliberate strategising in full-faced network contexts. These are i) strategising based on network pictures in the absence of direct interaction, ii) strategising in the presence of a network audience, iii) strategising among deliberate equals, iv) strategising among imaginative equals, and v) strategising as open and absorptive bystander. The five approaches can be used separately or in combination.

• Bø, Eirill & Hammervoll, Trond (2010)
  Cost-based pricing of transportation services in a wholesaler-carrier relationship: an MS Excel spreadsheet decision tool

  International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 13(3) , s. 197-210. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13675560903271203

• Brinkmann, Johannes; Doyle, Aaron & Breit, Eric (2010)
  Insurance Advertising: Scary, Funny, Trust-Building or Ethical?

  [Professional Article]. Nordisk försäkringstidskrift/Nordisk Forsikringstidskrift (NFT),

• Miles, Raymond E.; Snow, Charles C., Fjeldstad, Øystein D., Miles, Grant & Lettl, Christopher (2010)
  Designing Organizations to Meet 21st-Century Opportunities and Challenges

  Organizational Dynamics, 39(2) , s. 93-103. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2010.01.009

• Andersen, Espen (2010)
  Noe er enkelt, ganske enkelt

  [Professional Article]. Ballade,

• Andersen, Espen (2010)
  InFlexuble Ruter

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2010)
  NAV - et IT-problem

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2010)
  Et søppelinnlegg

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2010)
  Innovasjonstull?

  e24 (internett),

• Reve, Torger (2010)
  "Næringsklynger og kunskapshubber"

  [Popular Science Article]. Minervanett,

• Amdam, Rolv Petter (2009)
  The internationalisation process theory and the internationalisation of Norwegian firms, 1945 to 1980

  Business History, 51(3) , s. 445-461. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00076790902844054

• Benito, Gabriel R.G.; Petersen, Bent & Welch, Lawrence S (2009)
  Towards more realistic conceptualisations of foreign operation modes

  Journal of International Business Studies, 40(9) , s. 1455-1470. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.54

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien & Mele, D. (2009)
  Can an SME become a global corporate citizen - evindence from a case study

  Journal of Business Ethics, 88(3) , s. 551-563.

• Kaipa, Prasad & Kriger, Mark (2009)
  The Inner Sides of Leadership and Lessons from the East: An Interview with Peter Senge

  Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 6(3) , s. 183-193.

• Hydle, Katja Maria; Breunig, Karl Joachim & Evju, B (2009)
  Transnational professional service performance: practices of knowledge

  Moving forward with service quality, , s. 263-274.

• Harrison, Debbie & Finch, John (2009)
  New Product Development When You Have To: Frames and Temporary Collaboration in Industrial Nets

  The IMP Journal, 3(3) , s. 35-52.

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2009)
  Developing Students' Competence for Ethical Reflection While Attending Business School

  Journal of Business Ethics, 88(1) , s. 5-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0106-0

  Vis sammendrag

  Business students early on should be offered a course presenting and analyzing ethical dilemmas they will face as human beings both in the business world and in society. However, such a course should use literature, plays, and novels to illustrate ethical norms and values in the intertwined relationships of human activities. Better than business case studies, literature offers portraits of characters as leaders, employees, consultants, and other professionals, as ordinary human beings with conflicting desires, drives, and ambitions. Literary texts offer excellent descriptions of the circumstances or the organizational settings in which people find themselves. I believe this is the best way to sensitize students without business experience when they are still open to such a formative learning process. At the same time, this pedagogical method linking ethics and literature may help to critically expose some of the weak or missing aspects of various management theories students encounter in their business curriculum and make them more observant and critical.

• Reve, Torger (2009)
  Fra næringsklynge til kunnskapsnav

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Huemer, Lars; Boström, Gert-Olof & Felzensztein, Christian (2009)
  Control - Trust Interplays and the Influence Paradox: A comparative study of MNC-subsidiary relationships

  Industrial Marketing Management, 38(5) , s. 520-528.

• Sasson, Amir & Fjeldstad, Øystein (2009)
  Information-mediated network effects: network composition and customer benefit in the presence of information asymmetry

  Strategic Organization, 7(4) , s. 355-386. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127009346243

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2009)
  Mercury and Minerva: Scences from a Marriage

  Exploring the Worlds of Mercury and Minerva. Essays for Lars Engwall, , s. 31-43.

• Modarres, Mohammad & Sharifyazdi, Mehdi (2009)
  Revenue management approach to stochastic capacity allocation problem

  European Journal of Operational Research, 192(2) , s. 442-459.

• Fry, Louis & Kriger, Mark (2009)
  Towards a Theory of Being-Centered Leadership: Multiple Levels of Being as Context for Effective Leadership

  Human Relations, 62(11) , s. 1667-1696.

• Reve, Torger & Espelien, Anne (2009)
  Bygg- anlegg- og eiendomsnæringens betydning for Norge - vekst og lønnsomhet (1998 - 2007)

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Rapporten er en oppdatering av regnskapstallene fra BI prosjektet ”En verdiskapende bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsnæring” (Espelien og Reve, 2007). Målsetningen til hovedprosjektet var å bidra til en økt forståelse for betydningen denne næringen har for norsk økonomi, både sentralt og lokalt. BI rapporten fra 2007 beskriver bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsnæringen ut fra et klyngeperspektiv basert på analyse av regnskapsdata i perioden fra 1996-2005 og en større spørreundersøkelse av 573 ledere i næringen. I likhet med prosjektet fra 2007, er oppdateringen gjennomført på oppdrag fra Senter for byggenæringen ved Handelshøyskolen BI. Oppdateringen gjelder analyse av regnskapsdata fra 2006 og 2007. Spørreundersøkelsen fra 2007 er ikke oppdatert.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2009)
  Using Ibsen in Business Ethics

  Journal of Business Ethics, 84(Suppl. 1) , s. 11-24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9688-1

  Vis sammendrag

  To celebrate the 100th anniversary of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen’s death, during 2006 quite a number of cultural events were launched (cf. http://www.ibsen.net/). The paper suggests to celebrate Ibsen as a potentially useful resource for business ethics teaching. Departing from a short presentation of Ibsen’s plays An enemy of the people and A doll’s house the main focus of Our paper is on two selected scenes from the latter piece – both as raw material for developing scenarios for moral maturity assessment (one of them is strikingly similar to and different from Heinz’ dilemma), and for teaching business students moral reflection and imagination. As an open end of the paper a few wider questions are asked about the use of literature in addition to or instead of ethics when it comes to triggering moral reflection and imagination.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2009)
  Putting Ethics on the Agenda for Real Estate Agents

  Journal of Business Ethics, 88(1) , s. 65-82. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0099-8

  Vis sammendrag

  This article uses sociological role theory to help understand ethical challenges faced by Norwegian real estate agents. The article begins with an introductory case, and then briefly examines the strengths and limitations of using legal definitions and rules for understanding real estate agency and real estate agent ethics. It goes on to argue that the ethical challenges of real estate agency can be described and understood as a system of conflicting roles with associated rights and duties, in particular sales agent, intermediary and adviser sub-roles. The arguments are developed using exploratory findings from a survey of Norwegian real estate agents and from several focus groups. The article then suggests the use of various intranet tools as a kind of action research aimed at putting ethics on the real estate agents’ agenda, working to develop a collective conscience and collective selfcriticism among the agents, and, in doing so, building bridges between academic research and the practical working world of the agents.

• Reve, Torger (2009)
  "Norway - a global maritime knowledge hub"

  [Report Research]. BI Norwegian School of Management

  Vis sammendrag

  Knowledge based industrial development takes place in Global Knowledge Hubs or superclusters characterized by a high concentration of innovative industrial actors interacting closely with advanced research institutions, venture capital and competent ownership. The extreme example of a global knowledge hub is the biotech and life science industry in Boston. The greater Boston area has a higher concentration of advanced universities, research labs and specialized biotech firms, than anywhere else in the world. Thus Boston has taken the global leadership position in the high growth biotech industries by capitalizing on their knowledge resources. In this report, the global knowledge hub model is applied to the Norwegian maritime industry. The Norwegian maritime and offshore industry is characterized by a high number of global actors operating out of Norway, forming subclusters in shipping, technological and commercial maritime services, specialized ship building and ship equipment, energy and offshore industry, maritime and subsea operations. Norway has build a strong global maritime knowledge base, extending from fisheries and governance of marine resources, to shipping, maritime operations, and offshore oil and gas, especially when it comes to deep and arctic waters. Norway combines the knowledge and technology targeting the marine, maritime and energy industries. For sustaining such a global knowledge position in the maritime areas, Norway needs to develop specialized knowledge infrastructure to attract talent and technology on a global basis. The plans for establishing a new Ocean Space Center at Marintek and NTNU in Trondheim should be understood and analyzed in these terms. The ambition is to create a global knowledge center for Ocean Space Technology, covering a large range of ocean space challenges of the future, including the high priority arctic and climate challenges.

• Finch, John & Harrison, Debbie (2009)
  How a new resource emerged in a network setting and how the emergence of new resource bound a network together

  Use of science and technology in business, , s. 121-138.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Breunig, Karl Joachim (2009)
  Strategisk kompetansestyring i prosjektbaserte organisasjoner - fra et forbrukerperspektiv til et produsent perspektiv

  Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, 25(3) , s. 73-81.

• Alm, Kristian (2009)
  Challenges to Investment Ethics in the Norwegian Petroleum Fund: a newspaper Debate

  Philosophica, 80, s. 21-44.

• Wilberg, Erik (2009)
  Avisbransjen i omstilling

  [Professional Article]. Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, (3) , s. 25-34.

• Reve, Torger (2009)
  Fra næringsklynger til kunnskapsnav

  Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, (3) , s. 13-23.

• Tomassen, Sverre & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2009)
  The costs of governance in international companies

  International Business Review, 18(3) , s. 292-304. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2009.02.005

• Wilberg, Erik (2009)
  Avisbransjen i omstilling

  Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, (3) , s. 25-37.

• Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Reve, Torger & Nielsen, Rikke Beck (2009)
  Når nedgangen rammer. En studie av omstillingsstrategier i den norske byggenæringen i kriseåret 2009

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  I forskningsrapporten ”Når nedgangen rammer” presenteres resultatene fra en studie av hvordan norske byggebedrifter har håndtert overgangen fra sterk vekst til nedgang, som følge av finanskrisen og fallet i etterspørselen fra høsten 2008. Intervjuer med toppledere i 23 byggebedrifter ble gjennomført fra desember 2008 til august 2009. Intervjuene fokuserte på hvordan bedriftene hadde opplevd nedgangen, hvilke strategier de hadde benyttet for å håndtere kravet til omstilling og hvilke konsekvenser dette fikk for organisasjonen. Resultatene viser at bedriftene omstiller seg gjennom ulike tiltak, som vi har valgt å kalle byggebedriftenes omstillingssirkel. Et fall i etterspørsel fører til økt konkurranse og prispress. Det mest interessante funnet i studien er at bedriftene har vært bevisste på å verne om kjernekompetansen i omstillingsprosessen. Nedskalering gjennom oppsigelser og permitteringer er blitt nøye vurdert. Innleide og ansatte uten kjernekompetanse er de første som er blitt sagt opp. Dette skiller seg fra tidligere, der byggebedriftene tradisjonelt har opp- og nedbemannet automatisk etter behov. Funnet tyder på at byggenæringen går i retning av å bli en mer kompetansebasert næring. Omstillingen til nedgang kan derfor sies å ha flere positive konsekvenser. For det første får man gjort driften mer effektiv. Videre har man fått en større bevissthet rundt kompetanseaspektet, og at dette er viktig for langsiktig konkurransedyktighet.

• Lunnan, Randi & Traavik, Laura E Mercer (2009)
  Is the standardization of human resource practices perceived as fair across national cultures? The cases of China, Lithuania, and Norway

  Baltic Journal of Management, 4(2) , s. 127-148. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17465260910958773

• Asmussen, Christian G.; Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Petersen, Bent (2009)
  Organizing foreign market activities: From entry mode choice to configuration decisions

  International Business Review, 18(2) , s. 145-155. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2009.01.002

• Huemer, Lars; Håkansson, Håkan & Prenkert, Frans (2009)
  The Becoming of Cermaq: The interplay between network influences and firm level control ambitions

  The IMP Journal, 3(3) , s. 53-75.

• Wenstøp, Fred & Koppang, Haavard (2009)
  On operations research and value conflicts

  Omega. The International Journal of Management Science, 37(6) , s. 1109-1120. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2008.10.001

  Vis sammendrag

  The paper addresses the question of how Operations Research ought to handle decision problems that involve value conflicts. First, we note that early OR was essentially value free with a mechanistic systems perspective, although some voiced concern that an analyst should not detach herself from the consequences of her work. Then we propose a value conflict scale, which we use to assess the conflict levels in a small sample of OR applications. We then turn to value identification. In practise, organizational value statements include many kinds of values, and we discuss how values can be sorted out according to ethical categories, which helps in identifying consequentialistic decision criteria. The next question is how values can be enacted in a decision process. We review findings in neuroscience, which indicate that intra-personal decision-making takes place in a field of tension between deliberation and affect, the implication being that low level conflicts leave decision-makers too coldly rational and therefore want infusion of emotion, while emotions in high-level conflicts need to be tempered. Emotions can be tempered through two strategies: focus on consequences rather than virtues and rules, and discourse ethics, which are the subjects of the two last parts. We conclude by proposing five ethical rules for OR analysis of value conflicts. An analyst should: Not regard herself as being detached from the decision that are made; be conscious that good decision-making requires temperate emotions that balance affect and deliberation; promote focus on consequences; promote the view that stakeholders have intrinsic value, they should not be treated instrumentally; encourage fair processes to identify stakeholder values.

• Bygballe, Lena & Jahre, Marianne (2009)
  Balancing value creating logics in construction

  Construction Management and Economics, 27(7) , s. 695-704.

• Argandoña, Antonio & Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2009)
  Corporate Social Responsibility: One Size Does Not Fit All. Collecting Evidence from Europe

  Journal of Business Ethics, 89, s. 221-234. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0394-4

• Espelien, Anne & Reve, Torger (2009)
  Bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsnæringens betydning for Norge - vekst og lønnsomhet (1998-2007)

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Harrison, Debbie & Prenkert, Frans (2009)
  Network strategising trajectories within a planned strategy process

  Industrial Marketing Management, 38(6) , s. 662-670. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2009.05.012

• Huemer, Lars; Boström, Gert-Olof & Felzensztein, Christian (2009)
  Control-trust interplays and the influence paradox: A comparative study of MNC-subsidiary relationships

  Industrial Marketing Management, 38(5) , s. 520-528. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.12.019

• Jahre, Marianne; Jensen, Leif-Magnus & Listou, Tore (2009)
  Theory development in Humanitarian Logistics - A Framework and Three Cases

  Management Research News (MRN), 32(11) , s. 1008-1023.

• Wenstøp, Fred & Seip, Knut L. (2009)
  Verdier og valg : verdibasert beslutningsanalyse i praksis

  Universitetsforlaget

• Engelseth, Per; Takeno, Takeo & Alm, Kristian (2009)
  Food safety, quality and ethics in supply chains : a case study of informing in international fish distribution

  The crisis of food brands : sustaining safe, innovative and competitive food supply, , s. 45-63.

• Coltman, Tim; Bru, Kathrine, Perm-Ajchariyawong, Nidthida, Devinney, Timothy M. & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2009)
  Supply chain contract evolution

  European Management Journal, 27(6) , s. 388-401. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2008.11.005

• Alm, Kristian; Engelseth, Per & Karlsen, Anniken (2009)
  Discourses of implementing information systems in corporate merger : a case study from the food exporting industry

  System dynamics and innovation in Food networks 2009 : proceedings of the 3rd International European Forum on System Dynamics and Innovation in food Nettworks, February 16-02, 2009, Innsbruck-Igls, Austria, , s. 369-380. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.59189

  Vis sammendrag

  In 2007 five different industrial food producers merged to become one single firm. This paper places focus on the challenge these actors had in deciding on, implementing, and using an information system to support mainly their raw material purchasing and finished product sales function. Studies show that a large part of information system implementation failures are related to insufficient alignment between various aspects or parts of an organization and the new technology (Miller 2001, Wognum 2004). A report of a working group from The Royal Academy of Engineering and The British Computer Society concerning the challenges of complex IT project (RAEng, 2004) supports this view stating that the most pressing problems are related to the human aspect of processes involved in these kinds of projects, and that further developments in methods and tools to support the design and delivery of such projects could help to raise success rates. Among key findings of this study were: • The levels of professionalism observed in software engineering are generally lower than those in other branches of engineering, although there are exceptions • Senior managers are often ill qualified to handle issues relating to complex IT projects • The importance of project management is not well understood and usually underrated • The vital role of the systems architects in major IT projects is frequently not appreciated and there is a shortage of appropriately skilled individuals • Basic research into complexity and associated issues is required to enable the effective development of complex, globally distributed systems

• Andersen, Espen (2009)
  Forlagene er i feil århundre

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2009)
  Hvorfor stoppe ved skattelistene?

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2009)
  Slipp data fri

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2009)
  Ta kontroll på nettimaget ditt

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2009)
  Innovasjon i nedgangstider

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2009)
  Dette kan skje med SAS

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2009)
  På tide å løsrive kommentariatet

  e24 (internett),

• Reve, Torger (2008)
  From industrial clusters to global knowlegde hubs

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI, Center for Maritime Competitiveness,

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  Time to end laptop serfdom

  [Professional Article]. ACM Ubiquity, 9(5)

• Jahre, Marianne (2008)
  Logistics in International Federation of the Red Cross Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) - A Case Study

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2008)
  Troverdige ledere vinner frem

  [Professional Article]. Østfold Energis blad Energico,

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (2008)
  The European Perspective

  Business History Review, 82(2) , s. 343-347.

• Fabbe-Costes, N. & Jahre, Marianne (2008)
  Performance and Supply Chain Integration - a review of the empirical evidence

  International Journal of Logistics Management, 19(2) , s. 130-154.

• Rygh, Asmund (2008)
  Fairtrade and Information about Working Conditions: Is There a Role for Public Policy?

  VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG

• Bøe, Anne; Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard & Knudsen, Petter (2008)
  Deal shaping: How to execute sales programs that improve your customers' business value

  [Professional Article]. Outlook, (1)

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  Scarce resources in computing

  [Professional Article]. ACM Ubiquity, 9(21)

• Alm, Kristian (2008)
  ETISKE UTFORDRINGER FOR EN GLOBAL INVESTOR. Bidrag til 2008 evalueringen av Statens pensjonsfond - Utland. Finansdepartementet

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Ma, Xiaofeng; Lombardo, Sebastiano & Stockbakk, Elisabeth Sciaba (2008)
  Learning mechanisms in a technology based organisational change program: an exploratory study between Chinese and Norwegian corporations

  International Journal of Technology Management, 41(1/2) , s. 75-95. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2008.015985

  Vis sammendrag

  The paper explores how learning mechanisms are adopted and function differently in the course of a managing technology based organisational change programme in Chinese and Norwegian large corporations. We operationalise the abstract organisational learning concepts into a series of learning mechanisms along the change programme implementation process. The results show that national culture, external environment and market status strongly impact the effectiveness of the learning mechanisms.

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Peattie, Ken (2008)
  Consumer Ethics Research: Reframing the Debate About Consumption for Good

  EJBO - Electronic Journal of Business and Organization Ethics, 13(1) , s. 22-29.

• Sims, Ronald R. & Brinkmann, Johannes (2008)
  Thoughts and second thoughts about Enron ethics

  Ch. Garsten and T. Hernes (eds.), Ethical Dilemmas in Management,

• Jahre, Marianne & Persson, Göran (2008)
  Origins and Influences in Logistics - Is there a Nordic Approach?

  Jan Stentoft Arlbjørn, Árni Halldórsson, Marianne Jahre, Karen Spens (eds.), Northern Lights in Logistics & Supply Chain Management,

• Fjeldstad, Øystein (2008)
  Innovasjon i et verdinettverksperspektiv

  Magma forskning og viten, 5(11) , s. 18-24.

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  Search-enabled low-end disruptive innovation: The case of the Norwegian media-monitoring industry

  Proceedings of NOKOBIT 2008,

• Harrison, Debbie & Waluszewski, Alexandra (2008)
  The Development of a User Network as a Way to Re-launch and Unwanted Product

  Research Policy, 37(1) , s. 115-130.

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Eigenstetter, Monika (2008)
  Forsikringsmegleretikk

  [Professional Article]. Nordisk Försäkringstidskrift (NFT), 89(3) , s. 205-212.

• Petersen, Bent; Benito, Gabriel R.G., Welch, Lawrence S & Asmussen, Christian G. (2008)
  Mode Configuration Diversity: A New Perspective on Foreign Operation Mode Choice

  A.Y. Lewin, D. Griffith, S.T. Cavusgil and G.T.M. Hult (eds.), Thought Leadership in Advancing International Business Research, , s. 57-78.

• Jahre, Marianne & Heigh, I. (2008)
  Does failure to fund preparedness mean donors must prepare to fund failure in humanitarian supply chains?

  Supply Chain Forum: an International Journal, 9(2)

• Persson, Göran; Jensen, Leif-Magnus, Engebrethsen, Erna Senkina & Flygansvær, Bente (2008)
  Distribution Networks in Transition

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  The overall objective of the DNet project has been to develop concepts, models, and methods for helping firms in reconsidering their role and position in a supply chain. In the project we have chosen to focus on three industries or settings: the electronics waste industry (EE-waste), the car industry, and the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry, or rather segments of these industries. The focus of the study has been on logistics service providers, and more specifically on logistics service providers as actors in a distribution network. Two basic descriptive research approaches has been applied in the project as far as the empirical studies are concerned. One approach was studies of the industry structure in relation to the participating companies. By this approach, the intention was to describe the industry at a more general level, the transition processes in the industry, driving forces for changing positions, trends and patterns concerning the transition etc. The second approach was more focused studies of the distribution networks in which the participating companies take part. By this approach, we intended to explore issues concerning properties of distribution networks, contingencies for design of logistics and distribution networks, embeddedness as a contingency for specialization and integration etc.

• Hammerstrøm, S. & Lunnan, Randi (2008)
  Motivating employees to stay: a study of Norwegian firms in China

  M. Lie, R. Lund and G. H. Hansen (red), Making it in China,

• Fjeldstad, Øystein D. & Lorange, Peter (2008)
  Shaping Up Shipping: business models from an old industry with implications for modern globalization

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Huemer, Lars & Fjeldstad, Øystein (2008)
  Value configuration analysis. A new view of supply management

  Jan Stentoft Arlbjørn, Árni Halldórsson, Marianne Jahre, Karen Spens (eds.), Northern Lights in Logistics & Supply Chain Management,

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  Time to get serious about the paperless office

  [Professional Article]. ACM Ubiquity, 9(13)

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  IT - drevet av knappe ressurser

  [Professional Article]. Økonomisk Rapport, (6)

• Brodin, Maria Huge & Flygansvær, Bente (2008)
  Taking control in reverse distribution systems - coordinators playing games of power and trust

  Arlbjørn, Halldórsson, Jahre, Spens (eds), Northern Lights in Logistics and Supply Chain Management, , s. 153-168.

• Sasson, Amir (2008)
  Exploring Mediators: Effects of the Composition of Organizational Affiliation on Organization Survival and Mediator Performance

  Organization science, 19(6) , s. 891-906. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1080.0363

  Vis sammendrag

  Market mediation literature has been taking primarily a triadic view in studying the role and impact of mediators, actors that occupy a middle position, on supply and demand conditions in markets. Mediating organizations facilitate exchange relationships on a continuous basis between multiple networks of interdependent affiliated actors. An affiliation structure gives rise to the property of duality whereby the behavior and performance of the affiliates affect the behavior and performance of mediators and vice versa. In the context of the banking industry, this study examines how the structural properties of the underlying network of affiliated organizations affect the survival of affiliated organizations and the performance of mediating organizations. The results show that firms that are affiliated with mediating organizations having high customer-set connectedness or with those that are industry specialists increase their chances of survival. Furthermore, mediating organizations having high customer-set connectedness experience lower loan loss than those having lower customer-set connectedness. This study contributes to organizational studies by incorporating a network view to the predominately triadic market mediation literature, explicating the determinants of the effectiveness by which mediating services are rendered, and suggesting new sources of competitive advantage that advance as well as complement established explanations. Implications for the network perspective, organizational technology and the economic theory of the banking firm, as well as firm and mediator management are considered.

• Stensrud, Erik & Myrtveit, Ingunn (2008)
  An empirical study of software development productivity in C and C++

  NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning,

• Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien; Pettersen, Inger Beate, Lindberg, Ylva & Ronæss, Ola (2008)
  Prosjektene Internasjonalisering, Merkevare og Corporate Social Responsibility, Funn og forslag til tiltak for NCE Subsea

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Myrtveit, Ingunn; Bakke, Alexander & Stensrud, Erik (2008)
  Measurement of User Satisfaction with Enterprise Portals: An Empirical Study

  NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi,

• Benito, Gabriel R.G.; Christensen, Sverre, Lunnan, Randi & Tomassen, Sverre (2008)
  Fra operativ til strategisk internasjonalisering: En studie av store norske selskapers utflytting av divisjonshovedkontorer

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Forskningsrapporten presenterer funnene fra en undersøkelse av utflytting av hovedkontorer for divisjoner og forretningsområder for selskaper som er børsnotert i Norge. Mens den tradisjonelle internasjonaliseringen – knyttet til salg og produksjon i utlandet – er godt beskrevet og velforklart i litteraturen gjennom et etter hvert betydelig antall teoretiske og empiriske studier av selskapers grenseoverskridende aktiviteter, finnes det få studier av selskapers utflytting av strategiske enheter og funksjoner, så som deres hovedkontorer. Vi utvikler en forskningsmodell der tilbøyeligheten til å flytte divisjonshovedkontorer blir forklart gjennom selskapsfaktorer, eierskapsfaktorer, og bransje­aktorer. Den empiriske delen av undersøkelsen bygger på to casestudier så vel som et paneldatasett over 30 av de største børsnoterte selskapene i Norge gjennom perioden 2000-2006. Hovedkonklusjonene i studien er at både i absolutt og relativ betydning blir hovedkontorfunksjoner for norske selskaper i utlandet betydelig viktigere i løpet av disse årene, og eierskaps­aktorene er samlet sett de som best predikerer hvorvidt utflytting skjer eller ikke. Statlig og konsentrert eierskap motvirker utflytting, men mot forventning finner vi at utenlandsk eierskap ikke fører til økt utflyttingstilbøyelighet.

• Becerra, Manuel; Lunnan, Randi & Huemer, Lars (2008)
  Trustworthiness, Risk, and the Transfer of Tacit and Explicit Knowledge Between Alliance Partners

  Journal of Management Studies, 45(4) , s. 691-713. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00766.x

• Fosfuri, Andrea; Giarratana, Marco & Luzzi, Alessandra (2008)
  The Penguin Has Entered the Building: The Commercialization of Open Source Software Products

  Organization science,

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Henriksen, Ann Mari (2008)
  Vocational ethics as a subspecialty of business ethics - Structuring a research and teaching field

  Journal of Business Ethics, 81(3) , s. 623-634. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9536-8

  Vis sammendrag

  Vocational ethics and vocational moral socialization are important for the business ethical climate in a given country and in a given industry, but have not received attention in the literature. Our article suggests vocational ethics as a legitimate sub-specialty for business ethics research and development. The article addresses the exposure of vocational students to a combination of vocational school-based and workplace-based socialization, and outlines an agenda for teaching-oriented research and research-based teaching. More specifically, we first draft a conceptual frame of reference and then report results and experiences from a scenario-based pilot study at one of the biggest vocational schools in the country. As a third step such a preliminary situation analysis inspires a number of suggestions for how one could start with developing this field, practically, empirically and theoretically.

• Lunnan, Randi; Lunnan, Randi, Haugland, Sven A. & Haugland, Sven A. (2008)
  Predicting and measuring alliance performance: A multidimensional analysis

  Strategic Management Journal, 29(5) , s. 545-556.

  Vis sammendrag

  The strategic alliance literature demonstrates that alliances create value for the partners, but also that many alliances fall short of expectations. This study addresses the complex issue of alliance performance. We follow one hundred contractual alliances over a five-year period, and study their performance in terms of: abrupt termination, short-term, and long-term performance. The results indicate that alliances that are considered strategically important are less likely to be abruptly terminated. We also find that newly established alliances have a higher termination rate than older alliances. Short-term performance is primarily affected by access to complementary and strategically important resources, whereas long-term performance is related to specific investments in human capital combined with the partners¿ ability to develop and expand alliance activities over time.

• Bruyn, Eskil Goldeng Le; Grünfeld, Leo A. & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2008)
  The Performance Differential between Private and State Owned Enterprises: The Roles of Ownership, Management and Market Structure

  Journal of Management Studies, 45(7) , s. 1244-1273.

• Tobiassen, Anita Ellen; Døving, Erik & Olsen, K.M (2008)
  Realkompetansevurdering i kommuner. Sluttrapport

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Dette er sluttrapport fra FoU-prosjektet Realkompetansevurdering i kommuner. Rapporten dokumenterer hvordan kommunene som arbeidsgivere tilrettelegger for realkompetansevurdering og kompetanseutvikling for ufaglærte, hvordan arbeidstakere benytter seg av mulighetene realkompetansevurdering gir, hvordan dette påvirker arbeidsgivers muligheter til å drive en aktiv kompetanseutviklingspolitikk, og hvilke andre positive effekter kompetanseutvikling kan ha. Rapporten drøfter til utviklings- og forbedringstiltak når det gjelder realkompetansevurdering og kompetanseutvikling for ufaglærte i norske kommuner.

• Reve, Torger; Ervik, Ragna M.L., Randeberg, Erlend & Quale, Christian (2008)
  Vestlandet som ledende miljøvennlig energiregion

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Denne rapporten fra IRIS er utarbeidet til Vestlandskonferansen 2008. Rapporten ser på hvilke forutsetninger Vestlandet har som miljøvennlig energiprodusent, hva som er status i dag og hvilke muligheter regionen har fremover. Intensjonen er at rapporten skal stimulere til videre engasjement på dette viktige området. Innenfor rammen av prosjektet tar vi for oss et utvalg av problemstillinger som vi vurderer som sentrale. Tidshorisonten for utsiktene er 2020.

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  Stalinistiske IT-sjefer hindrer kreativitet

  www.digi.no,

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  Teknologiutviklingsforviklinger

  [Professional Article]. Økonomisk Rapport,

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  NRK vil tvinge DAB på folket

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen & Kierulf, Kirsti (2008)
  FAST og fremtiden: Norge som deltaker i det globale innovasjons-økosystemet

  [Professional Article]. Økonomisk Rapport,

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  Det papirløse kontoret - på tide å komme i gang

  [Professional Article]. Økonomisk Rapport,

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  Spill Conan med god samvittighet

  e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2008)
  En ny strategi for lærerstanden

  e24 (internett),

• Greve, Henrich R. (2007)
  Exploration and exploitation in product innovation

  Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(5) , s. 945-975.

• Bakkevig, Martha Kold (2007)
  Kommersialisering av produkter og tjenester innen telekommunikasjon

  Kunnskap, næringsutvikling og innovasjonspolitikk, Spilling (red), , s. 121-134.

• Miesing, Paul; Kriger, Mark & Slough, Neil (2007)
  Towards a Model of Effective Knowledge Transfer Within Transnationals: The Case of Chinese Foreign Invested Enterprises

  Journal of Technology Transfer, 32(1) , s. 109-122.

• Fabbe-Costes, N. & Jahre, Marianne (2007)
  Supply chain integration gives better performance - The Emperor's New Suit?

  International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 37(10) , s. 835-855.

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2007)
  East meets West: Tacit Messages about Business Ethics in Stories Told by Chinese Managers

  Journal of Business Ethics, 4(74) , s. 457-469.

• Grøgaard, Birgitte & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2007)
  The Internationalization Patterns of Norwegian Firms: Does Industry Matter?

  Multinationals on the Periphery, Gabriel R.G. Benito & Rajneesh Narula (eds),

• Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Narula, Rajneesh (2007)
  States and Firms on the Periphery: The Challenges of a Globalizing World

  Multinationals on the Periphery, Gabriel R.G. Benito & Rajneesh Narula (eds),

• Gambardella, Alfonso; Giuri, Paola & Luzzi, Alessandra (2007)
  The Market for Patents in Europe

  Research Policy,

• Giuri, Paola; Mariani, Myriam, Luzzi, Alessandra & Et, Al (2007)
  Inventors and Invention Processes in Europe. Results from the PatVal-EU survey

  Research Policy,

• Argote, Linda & Greve, Henrich R. (2007)
  A behavioral theory of the firm - 40 years and counting: Introduction and impact

  Organization science, 8(3) , s. 337-349.

• Greve, Henrich R. & Mitsuhashi, Hitoshi (2007)
  Power and glory: Concentrated power in top management teams

  Organization Studies, 28(8) , s. 1197-1221.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2007)
  Responsibility Sharing (Elements of a Framework for Understanding Insurance Business Ethics)

  Insurance Ethics for a More Ethical World, Flanagan,Primeaux, Ferguson (eds), Research in Ethical Issues in Organizations, vol 7,

• Reve, Torger (2007)
  15 år med klyngestudier - hva har vi lært?

  Kunnskap, næringsutvikling og Innovasjonspolitikk, Olav R. Spilling (red), , s. 43-68.

• Baraldi, E.; Brennan, R., Harrison, Debbie & Tunisini, A. (2007)
  IMP and Strategic Management: A Comparative Approach

  Industrial Marketing Management, 36, s. 879-894.

• Huemer, Lars & Cox, M. (2007)
  Interactions between Multinational Corporations and Indigenous Peoples: Value(s) Crashes or Value(s) Creation?

  [Professional Article]. ?, 25(1) , s. 59-70.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2007)
  Autentisk ledelse - en effektiv lederstil?

  Magma forskning og viten, 10(5) , s. 22-28.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Revang, Øivind (2007)
  Det handler om å velge - og å bli valgt

  Magma forskning og viten, 10(1) , s. 30-40.

• Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2007)
  Divestment and International Business Strategy

  International Marketing, Volume III, Masaaki Kotabe (ed),

• Welch, Lawrence S; Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Petersen, Bent (2007)
  Foreign Operation Methods: Theory, Analysis, Strategy

  Edward Elgar Publishing

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2007)
  Forbruksetikk: Å gi struktur til et nytt akademisk område

  Forbrukersosiologi. Makt, tegn og mening i forbrukersamfunnet, G.E. Schjelderup og M.W. Knudsen, (red), , s. 405-438.

• Eriksson, Kent; Fjeldstad, Øystein & Sasson, Amir (2007)
  Knowledge of Inter-customer Relations as a Source of Value Creation and Commitment in Financial Service Firm's Intermediation

  Service Industries Journal, 27(5) , s. 563-582.

• Greve, Henrich R. (2007)
  Hvordan lærer organisasjoner av resultatmåling?

  Magma forskning og viten, 10(1) , s. 20-29.

• Benito, Gabriel R G & Greve, Henrich R. (2007)
  Progress in International Business Research

  Elsevier

• Amdam, Rolv Petter; Lunnan, Randi & Ramanauskas, Gediminas (2007)
  FDI and the Transformation from Industry to Service Society in Emerging Economies: A Lithuanian - Nordic Perspective

  [Professional Article]. Engineering Economics, 51(1) , s. 22-28.

• Midttun, Atle & Gautesen, Kristian (2007)
  Feed in or certificates, competition or complementarity? Combining a static efficiency and a dynamic innovation perspective on the greening of the energy industry

  Energy Policy, 35(3) , s. 1419-1422.

• Persson, Göran & Håkansson, Håkan (2007)
  Supplier Segmentation. "When Supplier Relationships Matter"

  The IMP Journal, 1(3) , s. 26-41.

• Espelien, Anne & Reve, Torger (2007)
  Hva skal vi leve av i fremtiden? En verdiskapende bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsnæring

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Forskningsrapporten ”En verdiskapende bygg, anlegg og eiendomsnæring” gir en omfattende analyse av den norske BAE-næring, basert på komplette regnskapsdata for perioden 1996 – 2005, samt en spørreskjemaundersøkelse gjennomført våren 2007 til et utvalg bedrifter (n = 573) fra byggenæringen. Studien tar utgangspunkt i teori om dynamiske næringsklynger, og næringen defineres som byggenæringens verdikjede, fra produksjon av byggevarer, byggvarehandel, arkitekter og rådgivende ingeniører, utførende bygg og anlegg, utleie av maskiner og personell, eiendom – service og eiendom – finans. De to tyngste delene av BAE-næringen er utførende bygg og anlegg, samt eiendom. De to delene henger verdiskapingsmessig nøye sammen.

• Dauzère-Pérès, Stéphane & Nordli, Atle (2007)
  Optimal logistics at Omya Hustadmarmor

  [Professional Article]. ?, 2(34) , s. 30-34.

• Jakobsen, Erik W. & Reve, Torger (2007)
  Norsk næringspolitikk: Næringsnøytralitet eller klyngepolitikk?

  Kunnskap, næringsutvikling og innovasjonspolitikk, , s. 197-214.

• Midttun, Atle; Midttun, Atle, Dirdal, Tore, Gautesen, Kristian, Omland, Terje & Wenstøp, Søren (2007)
  Integrating corporate social responsibility and other strategic foci in a distributed production system: a transaction cost perspective on the North Sea offshore petroleum industry

  Corporate Governance : The international journal of business in society, 7(2) , s. 194-208.

• Johannessen, Idar; Bakkevig, Martha Kold, Thorsen, Vidar A.T. & Sjursen, Rolf (2007)
  Nettverksdilemmaet

  Magma forskning og viten, 10(3) , s. 103-112.

• Dauzère-Pérès, Stéphane; Nordli, Atle, Olstad, Asmund, Haugen, Kjetil Kåre, Koester, Ulrich, Myrstad, Per Olav, Teistklub, Geir & Reistad, Alf (2007)
  Omya Hustadmarmor optimizes its supply chain for delivering calcium carbonate slurry to European paper manufacturers

  Interfaces, 37(1) , s. 39-51. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.1060.0276

  Vis sammendrag

  The Norwegian company Omya Hustadmarmor supplies calcium carbonate slurry to European paper manufacturers from a single processing plant, using chemical tank ships of various sizes to transport its products. Transportation costs are lower for large ships than for small ships, but their use increases planning complexity and creates problems in production. In 2001, the company faced overwhelming operational challenges and sought operations-research-based planning support. The CEO, Sturla Steinsvik, contacted More Research Molde, which conducted a project that led to the development of a decision-support system (DSS) for maritime inventory routing. The core of the DSS is an optimization model that is solved through a metaheuristic-based algorithm. The system helps planners to make stronger, faster decisions and has increased predictability and flexibility throughout the supply chain. It has saved production and transportation costs close to US$7 million a year. We project additional direct savings of nearly US$4 million a year as the company adds even larger ships to the fleet as a result of the project. In addition, the company has avoided investments of US$35 million by increasing capacity utilization. Finally, the project has had a positive environmental effect by reducing overall oil consumption by more than 10 percent

• Skjølsvik, Tale; Løwendahl, Bente R., Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & FOSSTENLØKKEN, Siw Marita (2007)
  Choosing to learn and learning to choose: strategies for client co-production and knowledge development

  California Management Review, 49(3) , s. 110-128.

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Klima, klimakterium, kompetanse og komfort

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Crowdsourcing

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Mysteriet under vasken

  [Professional Article]. Økonomisk Rapport,

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Priskrig mot fattigdom

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Pandoriske musikkopplevelser

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Latterlig angrep på elektroniske bøker

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Frykten for de beste

  Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Ha'kke knekket sånne nøtter før

  [Professional Article]. Økonomisk Rapport,

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Veni, Vidi, Wiki

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Griser i kortstokken

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Jeg er ikke på Facebook

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  The Ministry of Knowledge

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Glem opsjoner - ta en Jensen!

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2007)
  Må lære av kuene

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Greve, Henrich R.; Pozner, Jo-Ellen & Rao, Hayagreeva (2006)
  Vox populi: Resource partitioning, organizational proliferation, and the cultural impact of the insurgent microradio movement

  American Journal of Sociology, 112(November) , s. 802-837.

• Harrison, Debbie & Bygballe, Lena (2006)
  Learning and routines in resourcing

  Resourcing in Business Logistics. The Art of Systematic Combining, Jahre et al,

• Brahimi, N.; Dauzere-Peres, S., Najid, N. & Nordli, Atle (2006)
  Single item lot sizing problems

  European Journal of Operational Research, 168(1) , s. 1-16.

  Vis sammendrag

  A state-of-the-art of a particular planning problem, the Single Item Lot Sizing Problem (SILSP), is given for its uncapacitated and capacitated versions. First classes of lot sizing problems are briefly surveyed. Various solution methods for the Uncapacitated Single Item Lot Sizing Problem (USILSP) are reviewed. Four different mathematical programming formulations of the classical problem are presented. Different extensions for real-world applications of this problem are discussed. Complexity results of the Capacitated Single Item Lot Sizing Problem (CSILSP) are given together with its different formulations and solution techniques. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

• Rao, Hayagreeva & Greve, Henrich R. (2006)
  If it doesn't kill you: Learning from ecological competition

  Advances in Strategic Management, 23, s. 243-271.

• Huemer, Lars (2006)
  Supply Management: Value creation, coordination and positioning in supply relationships

  Long Range Planning, 39(2) , s. 133-153.

• Fagiolo, Giorgio & Luzzi, Alessandra (2006)
  Do liquidity constraints matter in explaining firm size and growth? Some evidence from the Italian manufacturing industry

  Industrial and Corporate Change,

• Wenstøp, Fred (2006)
  Some viewpoints on emotion, consequentialism and multicriteria decision making

  Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 13(4) , s. 191-198.

• Awaleh, Fahad; Engelseth, Per, Gadde, Lars-Erik & Persson, Göran (2006)
  Economizing through Business Relationships

  Jahre, Gadde, Håkansson, Harrison, Persson (eds), Resourcing in Business Logistics,

• Greve, Henrich R. (2006)
  Intent and extent of multimarket contact

  Strategic Organization, 4(August) , s. 249-274.

• Audia, PG & Greve, Henrich R. (2006)
  Less likely to fail: Low performance, firm size, and factory expansion in the shipbuilding industry

  Management science, 52, s. 83-94.

  Vis sammendrag

  The behavioral theory of the firm and prospect theory predict that performance below an aspiration level increases risk taking, but researchers also propose that performance below an aspiration level decreases risk taking. These conflicting predictions primarily hinge on whether decision makers perceive negative performance as a repairable gap or as a threat to firm survival. This study examines a boundary condition of these conflicting predictions. We argue that a firm's resource endowment affects decision makers' risk tolerance: Managers in firms with large stocks of resources are buffered from the threat of failure and conform to the prediction of greater risktaking in response to performance decreases; managers in firms with limited resources view low performance as a step closer to failure and decrease risk taking in response to performance decreases. Using data on the risky decision of factory expansion in shipbuilding firms and firm size as an indicator of the stock of tangible resources, we find that performance below the aspiration level reduces risk taking in small firms, but either does not affect risk taking or increases risk taking in large firms. These findings are largely consistent with our predictions and also suggest that large firms are more inert than small firms.

• Jahre, Marianne (2006)
  Logistics Networks - Economic Log(ist)ics in Construction

  Stentoft Arlbjørn, J., Halldórsson, A. Jahre, M., Spens, K. and Stefansson, G. (eds.), Nordic Case Reader in Logistics and Supply Chain Management,

• Kriger, Mark (2006)
  Ways of Questioning That Can Transform Organizations - and People

  D. Scott et al (Eds.), Integrative Learning and Action: A Call to Wholeness, , s. 199-216.

• Trondsen, Tor Jarl (2006)
  International Outsourcing Trends Create Growing Opportunities for Asian Firms

  Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 2(3) , s. 166-183.

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Barcikowski, E. (2006)
  Krombacher ? Save Nature, Drink Beer

  P.E. Murphy and G.R. Laczniak, eds., 2006, Marketing Ethics, Cases and Readings,

• Larsson, R. & Løwendahl, Bente R. (2006)
  The qualitative side of management research: A meta-analysis of espoused and used case study methodologies

  Lines, R., Stensaker, I.G. & Langley, A. (eds.): New perspectives on organizational change and learning, , s. 17-17.

• Fjeldstad, Øystein & Ketels, C.H.M. (2006)
  Competitive Advantage and the Value Network Configuration: Making Decisions at a Swedish Life Insurance Company

  Long Range Planning, 39, s. 109-131.

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Lentz, P. (2006)
  Understanding insurance customer dishonesty: Outline of a moral-sociological approach

  Journal of Business Ethics, 66, s. 177-195.

  Vis sammendrag

  Most consumer morality studies focus on consumer immorality, i.e. different types and degrees of consumer dishonesty or deviance. This paper follows this tradition, by looking at insurance customer dishonesty. For looking at insurance customer dishonesty in a wider perspective, the paper drafts a sociology of insurance customer morality, including outlines of micro-level, meso-level and macro-level moral sociologies of insurance fraud, as well as a discussion of moral heterogeneity and a critical understanding of deviance. As a next step a few empirical rsearch questions are formulated and illustrated with data from a Norwegian-German pilot study.

• Fabbe-Costes, N.; Jahre, Marianne & Rouquet, A. (2006)
  Interacting Standards - a basic element in logistics networks

  International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 36(2) , s. 93-111.

• Taylor, Alva & Greve, Henrich R. (2006)
  Superman or the Fantastic Four? Knowledge combination and experience in innovative teams

  Academy of Management Journal, 49(4) , s. 723-740.

• Jahre, Marianne; Flygansvær, Bente & Elvekrok, Ingunn (2006)
  Influencing in Logistics Networks

  Jahre, M., Gadde, L-E., Håkansson, H., Harrison, D. and Persson, G. (eds.), Resourcing in Business Logistics - The art of systematic combining,

• Arlbjørn, J.S.; Halldórsson, A., Jahre, Marianne, Spens, K. & Stefansson, G. (2006)
  Nordic Case Reader in Logistics and Supply Chain Management

  University Press of Southern Denmark

• Wenstøp, Fred (2006)
  Mindsets, rationality and emotion in Multi-criteria Decision Analysis

  Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 13(4) , s. 161-172.

• Gripsrud, Geir; Jahre, Marianne & Persson, Göran (2006)
  Supply Chain Management - back to the Future?

  International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 36(8) , s. 643-659.

• Petersen, Bent; Pedersen, Torben & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2006)
  The Termination Dilemma of Foreign Intermediaries: Performance, Anti-Shirking Measures and Hold-Up Safeguards

  Advances in International Marketing, 16, s. 317-339.

• Wenstøp, Fred & Myrmel, Arild (2006)
  Structuring organizational value statements

  [Professional Article]. Management Research News (MRN), 29(11) , s. 673-683.

  Vis sammendrag

  Purpose ? The purpose is to propose a structure for corporate value statements, which is useful as an underlying organizing principle that makes them more comprehensible, and at the same time identifies values that can serve as criteria for strategic decision-making. Design/methodology/approach ? The main approach is theoretical development of value categories. It is followed up by an empirical investigation of value statements on corporate web pages to see if the proposed principles are applicable. Findings ? The paper proposes a comprehensive value system that consists of three main value categories juxtaposed on the same level: Core values prescribe the attitude and character of the organization. They are often found in sections on code of conduct, values statement, or credo. Protected values are protected through rules, standards and certificates. They are mostly found in sections concerning health, environment and safety. Created values are the values that stakeholders, including the shareholders, expect in return for their contributions to the firm. They are often found in sections on objectives and always in the annual report. Research limitations/implications ? The empirical research is limited to companies listed on two stock exchanges. Further research should include other types of organizations. Practical implications ? It is hoped that the proposed value system can contribute to making corporate value statements more comprehensible and useful for strategic decision-making. Originality/value ? It is believed to be a new idea to propose a holistic value system for value communication that can incorporate all values.

• Midttun, Atle; Gautesen, Kristian & Gjølberg, Maria (2006)
  The Political Economy of CSR in Western Europe

  [Professional Article]. International Journal of Corporate Governance, 6(4) , s. 369-385.

• Brekke, Andreas; Hatteland, Carl Johan & Håkansson, Håkan (2006)
  Designing Resources from a Logistical Perspective

  Jahre, M., Gadde, L-E., Håkansson, H., Harrison, D. and Persson, G. (eds.), Resourcing in Business Logistics - The art of systematic combining,

• Hennestad, Bjørn; Revang, Øivind & Strønen, Fred H. (2006)
  Endringsledelse og ledelsesendring : endringslæring for praktisk orienterte teoretikere og reflekterte praktikere

  Universitetsforlaget

• Fjeldstad, Øystein; Moen, Espen R. & Riis, Christian (2006)
  Regulation and competition in the Norwegian telecommunication market

  Competition and Welfare: The Norwegian Experience, Lars Sørgaard (ed),

• Midttun, Atle & Gautesen, Kristian (2006)
  Innmatingsretter eller sertifikater, konkurranse eller komplementaritet i energinæringen?

  Magma forskning og viten, (5/6)

• Harrison, Debbie & Håkansson, Håkan (2006)
  Activation in Resource Networks: a comparative study of ports

  The journal of business & industrial marketing, 21(4) , s. 231-238.

• Gadde, Lars-Erik & Håkansson, Håkan (2006)
  Teaching is Supplier Networks

  Gibbert, M., Durand, T., (eds) Strategic Networks. Learning to Compete,

• Jahre, Marianne; Gadde, Lars-Erik, Håkansson, Håkan, Harrison, Debbie & Persson, Göran (2006)
  Resourcing in Business Logistics - The art of systematic combining

  Liber

• Halskau, Øyvind; Gribkovskaia, Victoria & Nordli, Atle (2006)
  Economic order quantities assuming generalised order costs

  Proceedings of the annual conference for nordic researchers in logistics (NOFOMA),

  Vis sammendrag

  Using sea transportation with increasing capacity usually leads to a smaller transportation cost per unit. In this paper we introduce such economies of scale in the classical Harris- Wilson cost function. We show that the classical EOQ formulas will take different shapes depending on the new cost function, indicating that the classical formulas are specialisations of more general settings. Our new formulation uses a common power function to model the economies of scale. It is well known that the deviations from the classical Harris-Wilson order quantity are fairly insensitive as far as the total logistic costs are concerned. We show that this insensitivity becomes even more noticeable if economies of scale are increased. Finally, we offer real-life examples of the above-mentioned economies of scale.

• Seip, Knut L. & Wenstøp, Fred (2006)
  A Primer on Environmental Decision-Making: An Integrative Quantitative Approach

  Springer

• Andersen, Espen (2006)
  Hvordan lese mange nettaviser?

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2006)
  Lange haler og lite utvalg

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Andersen, Espen (2006)
  Leseplatefeber

  [Professional Article]. e24 (internett),

• Farahani, Reza Zanjirani; Laporte, Gilbert & Sharifyazdi, Mehdi (2005)
  A practical exact algorithm for the shortest loop design problem in a block layout

  International Journal of Production Research, 43(9) , s. 1879-1887.

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2005)
  Business Ethics, Corporate Governance and a Harmonious Society

  Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press

• Wenstøp, Fred (2005)
  Mindsets, rationality and emotion in Multi-criteria Decision Analysis

  Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 13(4) , s. 161-172.

  Vis sammendrag

  This paper discusses the paradigm of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), and relates it to other disciplines. It concludes that MCDA needs a larger, not smaller, emphasis on values and subjectivity to increase rationality in decision-making. The paper bases the argument on a conciliation of ethics, philosophy, neuro-psychology and management paradigms. It observes that the MCDA ?mindset? relates to consequentialism, as opposed to virtue ethics and rule based ethics. Virtues and rules play an important role in practical decision-making, however. Findings in neuro-psychology show that reliable decision-making requires emotions. Elicitation of emotions is therefore required in MCDA value trade-off processes. This leads to a concept of emotional rationality, which defines rationality as a four-dimensional concept that includes well-founded values and breaks radically with common notions of rationality. Virtues do not easily lend themselves to value trade-off, but questions of virtue usually creates strong social emotions, as opposed to the feebler global emotions that may arise in connection conventional trade-off of end values. The conclusion is that MCDA should not be shy of subjectivity and emotion, but instead put more emphasis on it to ncrease rationality. A part of this challenge is how to deal with questions of virtue in decisionmaking.

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Peattie, Ken (2005)
  Exploring Business School Ethics

  Journal of Business Ethics Education, 2(2) , s. 151-170.

• Gherardi, Silvia & Nicolini, Davide (2005)
  Extended abstract, in S. Gherardi & D. Nicolini, eds, The Passion for Learning and Knowing. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Organizational Learning and Knowledge (2 vols.) University of Trento e-books, Trento

  [Report Research]. University of Trento e-books, Trento.

• Massini, Silvia; Lewin, Arie Y. & Greve, Henrich R. (2005)
  Innovators and imitators: Organizational reference groups and adoption of organizational routines

  Research Policy, 34(10) , s. 1550-1569.

• Greve, Henrich R. (2005)
  Interorganizational learning and heterogeneous social structure

  Organization Studies, 26(7) , s. 1025-1047.

  Vis sammendrag

  Organizations can learn from the innovations made or adopted by other organizations. I present a framework for interorganizational learning that allows study of how learning is affected by the characteristics of the origin and destination organizations and their relationship. I survey recent findings within this framework and develop new propositions on the population-level consequences of interorganizational learning from innovations. I identify areas of work that have received insufficient attention and make new proposals for research.

• Andersen, Espen (2005)
  Using Wikis in a Corporate Context

  Handbuch E.Learning. A. Hohenstein and K. Wilbers (eds), , s. 5815-5815.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. (2005)
  Strategic Management of Professional Service Firms

  Copenhagen Business School Press

• Kriger, Mark (2005)
  What Really is Strategic Process?

  Innovating Strategy Process: Genesis, Contexts and Models, S.W. Floyd, J. Roos, C.D. Jacobs, and F.W. Kellermanns (Eds.), , s. 165-175.

• Trondsen, Tor Jarl (2005)
  Modern Information Technology and Organizational Thinking Open a Window of Opportunity for Entrepreneurial SMEs

  Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 1(1)

• Greve, Henrich R. (2005)
  Interorganizational learning before 9/11

  International Public Management Journal, 8(3) , s. 383-390.

• Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2005)
  Divestment and international business strategy

  Journal of Economic Geography, 5(2) , s. 235-251.

  Vis sammendrag

  This paper deals with divestment, i.e., the closure or sell-off of units in foreign locations, or conversely units owned by foreign firms. Such actions are discussed from the perspective of the firms making such decisions, and divestment assessments are looked at through the lens of international business strategy. Based on the integration-responsiveness framework of international business strategy, it is argued that the divestment propensities of foreign subsidiaries depend on the type of strategy pursued by the corporation. Subsidiaries of transnational corporations are in general likely to display the highest divestment rates. Whereas subsidiaries forming part of international and multi-domestic strategies may have the lowest divestment likelihood initially, subsidiaries established as part of a global strategy are expected to be the least probable to be divested in the longer run.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2005)
  Understanding Insurance Customer Dishonesty: Outline of a Situational Approach

  Journal of Business Ethics, 61, s. 183-197.

• Jahre, Marianne & Fabbe-Costes, N. (2005)
  Scandinavian Perspectives on Management Consulting

  International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 8(2) , s. 143-157.

• Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Tomassen, Sverre (2005)
  A transaction cost analysis of staffing decisions in internationaloperations

  Scandinavian Journal of Management, (Vol. 21, no. 1) , s. 101-126.

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2005)
  Consultants as destructive confidants and the unethical games that people play

  Scandinavian Perspectives on Management Consulting, , s. 9-9.

• Broch, Marianne; Godø, Helge Lauritz & Røste, Rannveig (2005)
  Entrepreneurship in innovation of home based care for the elderly in Norway, a case study

  Administration - Journal of the Institute of Public Administration of Ireland, 53(3)

• Kriger, Mark & Seng, Y. (2005)
  Leadership with Inner Meaning: A Theory of Leadership Based on the Worldviews of Five Religions

  Leadership Quarterly, 16, s. 771-806.

• Rowley, Tim J.; Greve, Henrich R., Rao, Hayagreeva, Baum, Joel A. C. & Shipilov, Andrew V. (2005)
  Time to break up: Social and instrumental antecedent of firm exits from exchange cliques

  Academy of Management Journal, 48(3) , s. 499-520.

• Wenstøp, Fred (2005)
  Some viewpoints on emotion, consequentialism and multicriteria decision making

  Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 13(4) , s. 191-198.

  Vis sammendrag

  This rejoinder discusses philosophical viewpoints on MCDA, especially concerning the role of emotion. Central issues are: Should MCDA put more emphasis on subjectivity? What is the relation between the decision-maker?s mindset and emotions? Can one make the analysis more rational by internalizing emotions associated with virtues through extending the traditional set of decision-criteria? How can belief and values be separated? Finally, what is a suitable definition of rationality?

• Benito, Gabriel R.G.; Pedersen, Torben & Petersen, Bent (2005)
  Export Channel Dynamics: An Empirical Examination

  Managerial and Decision Economics (MDE), 26(3) , s. 159-173.

• Gripsrud, Geir & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2005)
  Internationalization in Retailing: Modeling the Pattern of Foreign Market Entry

  Journal of Business Research, 58(12) , s. 1672-1680.

• Midttun, Atle; Dirdal, Tore, Gautesen, Kristian, Omland, Terje & Wenstøp, Søren (2005)
  Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility and Other Strategic Foci in a Distributed production system

  [Report Research]. BI Norwegian School of Management

• Midttun, Atle; Dirdal, Tore & Gautesen, Kristian (2005)
  Offentlig-private partnerskap som supplement til det offentlige velferdstilbudet

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Bærum kommune /Frivillighetssentralen har gjennom en fireårsperiode gjort forsøk med å engasjere private bedrifter i partnerskap med kommunen. De to første årene var prosjektet underlagt Frivillighetssentralen i Bærum kom­mune. Fokus var rettet mot næringslivet for å motivere utvalgte bedrifter til samfunnsengasjement i et sosialt eller offentlig-privat partnerskap Sosialt partnerskap ble definert som et samarbeid mellom et offentlig tjenestested og en bedrift som forplikter seg til å utføre et nærmere definert ”frivillig arbeid” utført av bedriften i den betalte arbeidstiden. Vi bruker i det følgende sosiale partnerskap synonymt med offentlige-private partnerskap med offentlig og frivillig sektor. Prosjektet ble etter hvert sterkere forankret på politisk og administrativt nivå i Bærum kommune, som videreførte prosjektet. Bærum kommunes initiativ kommer på en tid da sosiale partnerskap i stigende grad lanseres internasjonalt, både på nasjonalt og overnasjonalt nivå. Særlig har Storbritannia satset sterkt i denne retning, men også FN har engasjert seg i å fremme partnerskap omkring de store utfordringene i den globale utvikling. Denne rapporten presenterer noen refleksjoner omkring prinsipielle sider ved sosiale eller offentlig-private partnerskap og foretar, mot denne bakgrunn, en evaluering av Bærum kommunes forsøk med sosiale partner­skap mellom bedrifter og kommunal forvaltning. Avslutningsvis drøftes generelle fordeler og ulemper ved ”Bærums­modellen” så langt, og på grunnlag av evalueringen presenteres tiltak for å styrke det sosiale eller offentlig-private partnerskapsarbeidet. Som del av prosjektet har Bærum kommune også utarbeidet en egen manual for sosialt partnerskapsarbeid.

• Nybakk, Erlend & Steffenrem, Arne (2005)
  Barkfunksjon for sagtømmer av gran og furu til bruk i hogstmaskiner

  [Report Research]. Skogforsk

  Vis sammendrag

  Barkfunksjonene som benyttes i hogstmaskinene i dag, ble laget for fratrekk av barkvolum ved oppgjørsmåling på sagbrukene. De var ikke tiltenkt brukt til aptering av tømmerstokken ved kappeprosessen på hogstmaskiner. Likevel brukes funksjonene til å estimere diameter under bark ved aptering og kapping i hogstmaskiner. Denne rapporten evaluerer bruken av barkfunksjoner i hogstmaskiner og foreslår forbedringer av funksjonene til framtidig bruk. Datagrunnlaget for rapporten er samlet inn fra ca 5000 furustokker og 9500 granstokker. Målingene er foretatt på sagbrukstomt i forbindelse med tømmeroppgjør. Rapporten avdekker stor variasjon i dobbel barktykkelse hos både gran og furu på lik diameter. Diameter er altså ikke tilstrekkelig som forklaringsvariabel ved bruk av funksjoner til å estimere barktykkelse. Spesielt hos furu, der barktype betyr mye, vil det være rom for store systematiske feilestimeringer ved bruk av funksjoner som kun baserer seg på diameter. Men også hos gran er variasjonen svært stor, og andre forklaringsvariabler for å redusere funksjonenes middelfeil bør undersøkes. Dagens bruk av barkfunksjoner for furu i hogstmaskiner ser ut til å være en kilde til systematisk feilestimering. Rapporten foreslår nye funksjoner for beregning av furubark. Disse funksjonene bruker også informasjon om hvorvidt stokken er rotstokk eller ikke. Dette er basert på at sannsynligheten er større for at en rotstokk skal inneholde overgang- eller skorpebark enn en stokk lenger opp på stammen. Stokker lenger opp på stammen vil med større sannsynlighet inneholde glansbark som er betydelig tynnere.

• Lervik, Jon Erland; Amdam, Rolv Petter, Hennestad, Bjørn, Lunnan, Randi & Nilsen, Sølvi M. (2005)
  Implementing Human Resource Development Best Practice: Replication or Re-creation?

  Human Resource Development International, 8(3) , s. 345-360.

• Fjeldstad, Øystein; Fjeldstad, Øystein & Jakobsen, Erik W. (2005)
  Transaction organizations and transaction cost analysis a theoretical investigation of the domain-expansion decisions of firms employing a mediating technology

  Scandinavian Journal of Management, (Vol. 21, no. 1) , s. 77-100.

• Lunnan, Randi; Lervik, Jon Erland, Traavik, Laura E Mercer, Nilsen, Sølvi M., Amdam, Rolv Petter & Hennestad, Bjørn (2005)
  Global transfer of management practices across nations and MNC subcultures

  Academy of Management Perspectives, 19(2) , s. 77-80.

  Vis sammendrag

  The management practice we examine performance management (PM)-can be regarded as an extension of the traditional performance appraisal, linking individual performance to corporate strategy.1 Researchers separate calculative PM (focus on individual contributions and rewards) and collaborative PM (focus on creating a partnership culture between employer and employee, for example through competency development).2 In the United States, PM practices contain both calculative and collaborative elements, whereas in Scandinavia the calculative element is downplayed.3 Norwegian firms have had a long tradition of holding annual "planning and development talks." This is, however, a single, once a year event intended to promote good working relations more than a managerial system for evaluating, developing and compensating employees.' We suggest that when introducing a "foreign best practice" into this setting, national values present initial barriers, whereas organizational capabilities and systems are crucial for the final shape of the practice.

• Hansen, Svein Olav; Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik, Sogner, Knut & Gran, Haakon Herman (2005)
  Markedsøkonomiens utvikling

  [Textbook]. Fagbokforlaget

• Brass, Daniel; Galaskewics, Joseph, Greve, Henrich R. & Tsai, Wenpin (2004)
  Taking stock of networks and organizations: A multilevel perspective

  Academy of Management Journal, 47(6)

• Fjeldstad, Øystein; Becerra, Manuel & Narayanan, Sathya (2004)
  Strategic action in network industries: an empirical analysis of the European mobile phone industry

  Scandinavian Journal of Management, 20, s. 173-196.

• Schultze, Ulrike & Stabell, Charles (2004)
  Knowing What You Don't Know? Discourses and Contradictions in Knowledge Management Research

  Journal of Management Studies, 41(4) , s. 549-573.

• Fleetwood, S.; Harrison, Debbie & Easton, G. (2004)
  Temporally Embedded Case Comparison in Industrial NetworkResearch Temporally Embedded Case Comparison in Industrial NetworkResearch

  Critical Realism and Management Studies,

• Jahre, Marianne & Hatteland, Carl Johan (2004)
  Packages and Physical Distribution - implications for integration and standardization

  International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 34(2) , s. 123-140.

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2004)
  Le sfide per l'affermazione di standard universali per l'integrita dell'impresa

  Rusconi, Gianfranco and Michele Dorigatti (eds.): Modellidi Redicontazione Etico-Sociale e Applicazioni pratichi,

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2004)
  Learning experiences from designing and teaching a mandatory MBA course on ethics and leadership

  ?, 1(2) , s. 239-256.

• Huemer, Lars; Becerra, Manuel & Lunnan, Randi (2004)
  Organizational identity and network identification: Relating within and beyond imaginary boundaries

  Scandinavian Journal of Management, 20(1/2) , s. 53-74.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Revang, Øivind (2004)
  Achieving results in an after modern context: thoughts onthe role of strategizing and organizing

  European Management Review, 1(1) , s. 49-54.

• Andersen, Espen (2004)
  It is not what you do, but whom you do it with

  [Professional Article]. ACM Ubiquity, 4(49)

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2004)
  The Orissa Case

  Lene Bomann-Larsen and Henrik Syse (eds.): Responsibilityin world business : managing harmful side-effects of corporate activity, , s. 221-244.

• Mitsuhashi, Hitoshi & Greve, Henrich R. (2004)
  Powerful and Free: Intraorganizational power and the dynamics of corporate strategy

  Strategic Organization, 2(2) , s. 107-132.

• Rowley, Tim J.; Baum, Joel A. C., Shipilov, Andrew V., Greve, Henrich R. & Rao, Hayagreeva (2004)
  Competing in groups

  Managerial and Decision Economics (MDE), 25(6/7) , s. 453-471.

• Greve, Henrich R. & Mitsuhashi, Hitoshi (2004)
  Multiunit organization and multimarket strategy: Market entry dynamics

  Scandinavian Journal of Management, 20(1/2) , s. 9-30.

• Huemer, Lars (2004)
  Activating trust:The redefinition of roles and relationships in an international construction project

  International Marketing Review, 21(2) , s. 187-201.

• Kriger, Mark (2004)
  What Really is Strategic Process?

  S.W. Floyd, J. Roos, C. Jacobs, and F. Kellermanns (Eds.): Innovating Strategy Process: Genesis, Contexts and Models,

• Andersen, Espen (2004)
  Has the Microsoft of Today Become the IBM of the Late '80s?

  [Professional Article]. ACM Ubiquity, 5(22)

• Huemer, Lars (2004)
  Balancing between stability and variety: Identity and trust trade offs in networks

  Industrial Marketing Management, 33(3) , s. 251-260.

• Harrison, Debbie (2004)
  Is a Long-term Business Relationship an Implied Contract?Two Views of a Relationship ?Disengagement?

  Journal of Management Studies, 41(1) , s. 107-125.

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2004)
  The concept of moral imagination ? an inspiration for writing and using case histories in business ethics

  ?, 1(1) , s. 31-45.

• Gadde, Lars-Erik & Persson, Göran (2004)
  Development on the supply side of companies

  Håkansson, Harrison, Waluszewski (eds.): Rethinking Marketing. Developing a new understanding of markets, , s. 161-186.

• Andersen, Espen (2004)
  Trapping the wily professor

  [Professional Article]. ?, (19) , s. 65-66.

• Reve, Torger (2004)
  Konkurranse i høyere utdanning

  Kåre Petter Hagen, Agnar Sandmo og Lars Sørgard (red): Konkurranse i Samfunnets Interesse, , s. 124-139.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2004)
  Looking at Consumer Behavior in a Moral Perspective

  Journal of Business Ethics, 51(2) , s. 129-141.

• Håkansson, Håkan; Harrison, Debbie & Waluszewski, Alexandra (2004)
  Rethinking marketing : developing a new understanding of markets

  John Wiley & Sons

• Fujiwara-Greve, Takako & Greve, Henrich R. (2004)
  The role of expectation in job search and firm size effect on wages

  Japanese Economic Review, 55(1) , s. 56-85.

• Håkansson, Håkan & Persson, Göran (2004)
  Supply Chain Management the Logic of Supply Chains and Networks

  International Journal of Logistics Management, 15(1) , s. 11-26.

• Lervik, Jon Erland & Lunnan, Randi (2004)
  Contrasting Perspectives on the Diffusion of Management Knowledge - Performance Management in a Norwegian Multinational

  Management Learning, 35(3) , s. 287-302.

• Gooderham, Paul N.; Løwendahl, Bente R. & Nordhaug, Odd (2004)
  Functional Flexibility in the Norwegian Context: Strategic Adaptation vs Competence Orientation

  Functional Flexibility in the Norwegian Context: Strategic Adaptation vs Competence Orientation, , s. 285-299.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Nordhaug, Odd (2004)
  Klassifisering av kompetanse

  Klassifisering av kompetanse, , s. 65-82.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Nordhaug, Odd (2004)
  Organisasjoner som kompetansesystem

  Klassifisering av kompetanse, , s. 153-169.

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Ims, Knut Johannessen (2004)
  A conflict case approach to business ethics

  Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1/2 Special Issue) , s. 123-136.

  Vis sammendrag

  Departing from frequent use of moral conflict cases in business ethics teaching and research, the paper suggests an elaboration of a moral conflict approach within business ethics, both conceptually and philosophically. The conceptual elaboration borrows from social science conflict research terminology, while the philosophical elaboration presents casuistry as a kind of practical, inductive argumentation with a focus on paradigmatic examples.

• Nilsen, Sølvi M.; Hennestad, Bjørn, Fergestad, Ingvald, Lervik, Jon Erland, Lunnan, Randi & Traavik, Laura E Mercer (2004)
  Handlingsförlamad av dubbla budskap - dubbelbindingar i organisationer

  Ledmotiv : Idèskrift om ledarskap, (2) , s. 29-39.

• Sims, Ronald R. & Brinkmann, Johannes (2003)
  Business Ethics Curriculum Design: Suggestions and illustrations

  Teaching Business Ethics, 7, s. 69-86.

• FOSSTENLØKKEN, Siw Marita; Løwendahl, Bente R. & Revang, Øivind (2003)
  Knowledge Development through Client Interaction: A Comparative Study

  Organization Studies, 24(6) , s. 859-879.

• Greve, Henrich R. (2003)
  Investment and the behavioral theory of the firm: Evidence from shipbuilding

  Industrial and Corporate Change, 12(5) , s. 1051-1076.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Løwendahl, Bente R. & Wenstøp, Fred (2003)
  Fra beslutning til gjennomføring

  Grunnbok i strategi, , s. 339-370.

• Jakobsen, Erik Werner (2003)
  Næringsdynamikk

  Reve og Roland (red.): Energi Norges fremtid. Høsting eller kompetansebasert vekst?, , s. 37-56.

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2003)
  La responsabilidad social de las empresas: Retos para el establecimiento de estandares universals para el compromise corporativo

  ?, 4(abril-junio) , s. 10-16.

• Sims, Ronald R. & Brinkmann, Johannes (2003)
  Enron Ethics (Or: Culture Matters More than Codes)

  Journal of Business Ethics, 45, s. 243-256.

• Reve, Torger & Roland, Kjell (2003)
  Energi Norges fremtid. Høsting eller kompetansebasert vekst?

  Universitetsforlaget

• Wenstøp, Fred (2003)
  Statistikk og dataanalyse, Arbeidshefte

  [Textbook]. Universitetsforlaget

• Wenstøp, Fred (2003)
  Statistikk og dataanalyse

  [Textbook]. Universitetsforlaget

• Andersen, Espen & Fjeldstad, Øystein (2003)
  Understanding inter-firm relations in mediation industries, with special reference to the Nordic Mobile Communication Industry

  Industrial Marketing Management, 32, s. 397-408.

• Benito, Gabriel R.G.; Grøgaard, Birgitte & Narula, Rajneesh (2003)
  Environmental influences on MNE subsidiary roles: economic integration and the Nordic countries

  Journal of International Business Studies, 34, s. 443-456.

• Greve, Henrich R. (2003)
  Organizational learning from performance feedback: A behavioral perspective on innovation and change

  Cambridge University Press

• Dirdal, Tore; Fossum, Anne & Salter, Cato (2003)
  Internasjonale energimiljøer

  Reve og Roland (red): Energi Norges fremtid. Høsting eller kompetansebasert vekst?, , s. 89-128.

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2003)
  Likevekt, motvekt og mangfold

  ISCO Group, IIC Partners, Executive Search Worldwide,

• Reve, Torger & Roland, Kjell (2003)
  Høsting eller kompetansebasert vekst

  Reve og Roland (red): Energi Norges fremtid. Høsting eller kompetansebasert vekst?, , s. 9-36.

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2003)
  CSR challenges for setting universal standards for corporate integrity (translated into Polish)

  W.Gasparski (ed): Europejskie standardy etyk i spolecznej odpowiedzialnosci biznesu,

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2003)
  Verden etter ENRON og Finance Credit

  ?, 6(4) , s. 45-40.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Wenstøp, Fred (2003)
  Grunnbok i strategi

  [Textbook]. Damm

• Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Tomassen, Sverre (2003)
  The Micro-Mechanics of Foreign Operations’ Performance: An Analysis Based on the OLI Framework

  J. Cantwell and R. Narula (eds.): International Business and the Eclectic Paradigm: Developing the OLI Framework, , s. 174-199.

• Greve, Henrich R. (2003)
  A behavioral theory of R&D expenditures and innovations: Evidence from shipbuilding

  Academy of Management Journal, 46(6)

• Fosstenløkken, Siw; Løwendahl, Bente R. & Revang, Øivind (2003)
  Knowledge Development through Client Interaction: A Comparative Study

  Organization Studies, 24(6) , s. 859-879.

• Jakobsen, Erik Werner; Mortensen, Ari, Vikesland, Martin & Cappelen, Alexander W. (2003)
  Attracting the Winners. The competitiveness of five European maritime industries

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Fossum, Anne & Magnus, Eivind (2003)
  Det norske energimiljøet: Status 2002

  Reve og Roland (red): Energi Norges fremtid. Høsting eller kompetansebasert vekst?, , s. 57-88.

• Fjeldstad, Øystein & Andersen, Espen (2003)
  Casting off the chains: Value shops and value networks

  [Professional Article]. European business forum : Europe's perspective on global manageme, (14) , s. 47-53.

• Greve, Henrich R. (2003)
  Why are there so many multiunit organizations?

  Strategic Organization, 1(1) , s. 109-115.

• Bastos, Paula V. & Greve, Henrich R. (2003)
  Interorganizational learning and the location of manufacturing subsidiaries: Is chain migration also a corporate behavior?

  Advances in Strategic Management, 20, s. 159-192.

• Jahre, Marianne & Persson, Göran (2003)
  Supply Chain Management ‘and Beyond’

  ?, 6(5)

• Lorange, Peter; Løwendahl, Bente R. & Revang, Øivind (2003)
  Scandinavian approaches to strategy - combining competition and cooperation in practice

  Czarniawska, B. & Sevon, G. (eds.): Northern Lights - Organization Theory in Scandinavia, , s. 131-149.

• Benito, Gabriel R.G.; Berger, Eivind, Forest, Morten de la & Shum, Jonas (2003)
  A cluster analysis of the maritime sector in Norway

  International Journal of Transport Management, 2(1) , s. 203-215.

• Lunnan, Randi & Barth, T. (2003)
  Managing the Exploration vs. Exploitation Dilemma in “Alliance Bridging Teams"

  ?, 38(2)

• Greve, Henrich R. & Fujiwara-Greve, Takako (2003)
  Job Search with Organizational Size as a Signal

  Social Forces, 82(2) , s. 643-670.

• Karlsen, Tore; Silseth, Pål Rasmus, Benito, Gabriel R G & Welch, Lawrence S (2003)
  Knowledge, internationalization of the firm, and inward-outward connections

  Industrial Marketing Management, 32(5) , s. 385-396.

• Andersson, D; Halldorsson, A, Ojala, Lauri, Jahre, Marianne, Skjoett-Larsen, T, Virum, Helge & Dreyer, Heidi (2003)
  Third Party Logistics - A Nordic Research Approach

  [Report Research]. Turku School of Economics and Business Administration

• Dreyer, Heidi Carin; Jahre, Marianne & Virum, Helge (2003)
  Dynamics in TPL- relationships: A Norwegian case study

  Andersson et. al (eds): Third Party Logistics – A Nordic Research Approach,

• Amdam, Rolv Petter; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Larsen, Eirinn (2003)
  Inside the Business Schools: The Content of European Business Education

  Abstrakt forlag

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Ims, Knut Johannessen (2003)
  Good intentions aside: drafting a functionalist look at codes of ethics

  ?, 12(3) , s. 265-274.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Larsen, Eirinn (2003)
  The Power of Content revisited

  Rolv Petter Amdam, Ragnhild Kvålshaugen and Eirinn Larsen (eds.): Inside the Business Schools: The Content of European Business Education,

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Vabø, Agnete & Larsen, Eirinn (2003)
  National Heterogeneity in Standardised Programmes of Business Education

  Inside the business schools: The content of European business education, , s. 110-130.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2002)
  Business Ethics and Intercultural Communication. Exploring the overlap between two academic fields

  ?, (5) , s. 14-14.

• Jakobsen, Erik Werner; Dirdal, Tore, Fossum, Anne & Gautesen, Kristian (2002)
  Kurs for Norge. En verdiskapende reiselivsnæring

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2002)
  Professional Ethics - A Managerial Opportunity in Emerging Organizations

  Journal of Business Ethics, 39, s. 3-11.

• Persson, Göran & Grønland, Stein Erik (2002)
  Supply Chain Management. En flerdisiplinær studie av integrerte forsyningskjeder

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Studiens formål: Prosjektet Supply Chain Management, Ledelse av integrerte forsyningskjeder, har hatt flere forskjellige formål. For det første ønsker vi med dette prosjektet å knytte sammen noen relevante og eksisterende forskningsressurser i et felles og integrert forskningsprosjekt med fokus på integrerte forsyningskjeder. For det andre ønsker vi å bidra til en mere samlet forståelse av (integrerte) forsyningskjeder basert på tunge forskningstradisjoner/-paradigmer. Videre ønsker vi å belyse og skape innsikt i logistikkaktørenes utfordringer i et SCM-perspektiv. Sist, men ikke minst, var formålet med prosjektet å etablere et nettverk for studier av integrerte forsyningskjeder. Teoretiske utgangspunkter: For å gjøre prosjektet praktisk mulig og samtidig interessant teoretisk, valgte vi å studere fem forsyningskjeder ut fra fire forskjellige teoretiske perspektiver. I utgangspunktet ble det bestemt at delanalysene skulle omfatte et strategisperspektiv (med vekt på de konkurransemessige sidene ved forsyningskjeder), et nettverksteoretisk perspektiv (med vekt på den interorganisatoriske delen), et logistikkperspektiv (med vekt på de fysiske prosessene), og et IKT-perspektiv (med vekt på de interorganisatoriske informasjonsprosessene). Empirisk grunnlag: Studien ble avgrenset til fem fokalorganisasjoners forsyningskjeder, hvor enhver forsyningskjede skulle omfatte i prinsippet tre eller flere sentrale aktører. Valget av typen forsyningskjede hadde sitt rasjonale i de typer nettverksstrukturer logistikkaktører opptrer i. I utgangspunktet ønsket vi at utvalget skulle omfatte: 1) en lokal forsyningskjede 2) en nasjonal forsyningskjede med norsk produksjon 3) en nasjonal forsyningskjede med i hovedsak utenlandsk produksjon (import) 4) en internasjonal forsyningskjede med nasjonal produsent (eksport) 5) en internasjonal forsyningskjede med internasjonal produksjon

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2002)
  Moral Leadership in Action,Building and Sustaining Moral Competence in European Organizations

  Edward Elgar

• Andersen, Espen (2002)
  Infrastructure: The Things We Take For Granted

  ACM Ubiquity, 3(18)

• Andersen, Espen (2002)
  The Answer is Out There

  ACM Ubiquity, 3(21)

• Andersen, Espen (2002)
  Attendre le Suitcase...

  ACM Ubiquity, 3(7)

• Becerra, Manuel; Huemer, Lars & Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2002)
  Moral character and relationship effectiveness: an empirical investigation of trust within organizations

  Moral Leadership in Action,

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Axell, P. (2002)
  Karrieremoral: Illustrasjon og refleksjon

  Med forskerblikk på verdier, , s. 259-269.

• Benito, Gabriel R G; Larimo, Jorma, Rajneesh, Narula & Pedersen, Torben (2002)
  Multinational enterprises from small economies: Internationalization patterns of large companies from Denmark, Finland and Norway

  International Studies of Management and Organization, 32(1) , s. 57-78.

• Harrison, Debbie & Easton, G. (2002)
  Collective action in the face of International Environmental Legislation

  Business Strategy and the Environment (BSE), 14, s. 143-153.

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Steenbuck, Gisela (2002)
  Wirtschaftsethik lehren mit Schillers moralischem Theater

  ?, 3(1) , s. 58-76.

• Trondsen, Tor Jarl (2002)
  Success Factors in Growing SMBs: A study of two industries at two stages of development

  ?, 7(1) , s. 21-33.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2002)
  Business and Marketing Ethics as Professional Ethics. Concepts, Aproaches and Typologies

  Journal of Business Ethics, 41, s. 159-177.

• Sims, Ronald R. & Brinkmann, Johannes (2002)
  Leaders as Moral Role Models: The Case of John Gutfreund at Salomon Brothers

  Journal of Business Ethics, 35, s. 327-339.

• Virum, Helge (2002)
  Logistikkutvikling i utenforland

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Politiske prioriteringer og ønskemål sammen med de strategier som velges av brukere og tilbydere av logistikktjenester er de viktigste drivkreftene bak logistikkutviklingen. Landene i Europa utformer i dag mye av politikken i fellesskap. Transportsystemene skal fortsatt være effektive; men de må bli mer miljøvennlige. For næringslivet er konkurransen blitt friere og landegrensene er ikke lenger bestemmende for hverken leverandør- eller kundemarkedene. Derfor skjer det en hurtig internasjonalisering av produksjons- og handelsbedriftene. Vareproduksjonen er mer mobil og mer fordelt på leverandørnettverk enn tidligere. Detaljistleddet har fått større markedsmakt og bruker den til å utvikle og kontrollere leveringsprosessene. Vår åpne økonomi gjør at den internasjonale utviklingen påvirker logistikken i Norge mer enn i mange andre land. Målsettingen for prosjektet er å avdekke hvordan denne utviklingen kan bli. Metoden som er benyttet omfatter intervjuer, litteraturstudier og aktiv bruk av eksperter fra flere deler av næringslivet.

• Andersen, Espen (2002)
  Stamp Out Technology Virginity!

  ACM Ubiquity, 3(30)

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2002)
  Teaching Business Students Intercultural Communication

  I. Koall et al., Vielfalt statt Leid(t)kultur, , s. 113-120.

• Greve, Henrich R. (2002)
  Sticky Aspirations: Organizational Time Perspective and Competitiveness

  ?, 13(1) , s. 1-17.

• Andersen, Espen (2002)
  Genesis of an anthill: Wireless technology and self-organizing systems

  The Concours Group Trendwatch (3Q),

• Greve, Henrich R. (2002)
  An ecological theory of spatial evolution: Local density dependence in Tokyo banking, 1894-1936

  Social Forces, 80(March) , s. 847-879.

• Virum, Helge & Persson, Göran (2002)
  Logistikk et lederansvar - arbeidshefte

  [Textbook]. Gyldendal Akademisk

• Lunnan, Randi; Løwendahl, Bente R. & Wenstøp, Fred (2002)
  Ekstern Analyse

  Grunnbok i Strategi,

• Andersen, Espen (2002)
  Boiled frogs and disruptive technologies: The future of the Norwegian retail bank market

  Geelmuyden-Kiese (red): Nordic Retail Banking Report,

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2002)
  Moral Reflection Differences among Norwegian Business Students. A presentation and discussion of findings

  Teaching Business Ethics, 6, s. 83-99.

• Bakkevig, Martha Kold; Salter, Cato & Jakobsen, Erik Werner (2002)
  Now Boarding! Utfordringer i utviklingen av et høyteknologisk kunnskapsmiljø på Fornebu

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2002)
  Accessing, managing and sustaining moral values in organizations

  Moral Leadership in Action,

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Wenstøp, Fred (2002)
  Grunnbok i strategi

  [Textbook]. NKS Forlaget

• Andersen, Espen (2002)
  The Perils of the Extrapolated Technologist

  ACM Ubiquity, 3(36)

• Andersen, Espen (2002)
  Nowhere to Hide

  ACM Ubiquity, 3(28)

• Ford, D.; Berthon, P., Brown, Stephen, Gadde, Lars-Erik, Håkansson, Håkan, Naude, P., Ritter, T. & Snehota, I. (2002)
  The Business Marketing Course

  Wiley

• Gadde, Lars-Erik; Håkansson, Håkan, Jahre, Marianne & Persson, Göran (2002)
  ”More instead of less” – Strategies for the use of logistics resources

  [Professional Article]. ?, 2(2) , s. 81-92.

• Gadde, Lars-Erik; Huemer, Lars & Håkansson, Håkan (2002)
  Strategizing in industrial networks

  Industrial Marketing Management, 32(5) , s. 357-364.

• Pedersen, Torben; Petersen, B. & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2002)
  Change of foreign operation method: Impetus and switching costs

  International Business Review, 11, s. 325-345.

• Gadde, Lars-Erik; Håkansson, Håkan & Harrison, Debbie (2002)
  Price in a Relational Context

  Journal of Customer Behaviour, 1(2) , s. 317-334.

• Welch, Lawrence S; Benito, Gabriel R G, Silseth, Pål Rasmus & Karlsen, Tore (2002)
  Exploring inward-outward linkages in firms’ internationalisation: A knowledge and network perspective

  Network Knowledge in International Business, , s. 216-231.

• Lunnan, Randi; Lunnan, Randi, Haugland, Sven A. & Haugland, Sven A. (2002)
  Survival, Short-Term and Long-Term Performance of Strategic Alliances

  [Report Research]. Samfunns- og næringslivsforskning (SNF)

  Vis sammendrag

  Can we predict which alliances that will terminate, and which alliances that will be successful over time? This is the core research question raised in this paper. By reviewing transaction cost economics, the resource-based view of strategy, and the relational contracting perspective, we derive at important alliance characteristics that these perspectives suggest as important for understanding alliance success and failure. Our hypotheses were tested on one hundred strategic alliances from the Norwegian manufacturing sector covering a five-year period. The results show that strategic alliances based on access to strategic important resources were less likely to terminate abruptly. We also found that newly established alliances had a higher termination rate than older alliances, indicating that alliances go through different phases of termination risk. Short-term performance was primarily affected by factors such as getting access to complementary and strategic important resources, whereas long-term performance was be related to the partners’ ability to extend and develop the alliance.

• Jakobsen, Erik Werner; Golde, Eskil le Bruyn & Lien, Lasse B. (2002)
  Effekter av FoU- en studie av maritimt næringsliv i Norge

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  I rapporten presenterter vi et teoretisk rammeverk for test av både bedrifts- og samfunnsøkonomiske effekter av forskning og utvikling. Også det generelle bildet av FoU-aktivitet i norsk næringsliv, basert på samtlige norske bedrifters regnskapsrapportering, blir beskrevet. Dette som et bakteppe for de statistiske analysene, hvor vi har testet ut de teoretiske hypotesene om effekter av forskning og utvikling. Analysene er basert på eksisterende data fra den maritime næringen i Norge og er gjennomført på både bedrifts- og regionnivå. Resultatene fra analysene bør betraktes som indikasjoner på sammenhenger og er ikke egnet til å trekke generelle konklusjoner om sammenhenger. For å trekke klarere konklusjoner kreves det et mer omfattende datamateriale og grundigere analyser. Inntil det er gjort, er vi heller ikke i stand til å estimere fremtidige effekter av dagens FoU-investeringer. Hovedkonklusjonen fra hypotesetestene er at FoU-intensive bedrifter er mer innovative enn andre bedrifter. Vi har imidlertid ikke funnet tilstrekkelig støtte for at FoU-intensive bedrifter vokser raskere eller er mer lønnsomme enn bedrifter som ikke satser på FoU – selv om den gjennomsnittlige veksten og lønnsomheten til FoU-intensive bedrifter er noe høyere enn for de øvrige bedriftene.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Nordhaug, Odd (2002)
  Kompetanserevolusjon og frihetsledelse

  Kompetanserevolusjon og frihetsledelse, , s. 218-231.

• Lunnan, Randi; Amdam, Rolv Petter, Hennestad, Bjørn, Lervik, Jon Erland & Nilsen, Sølvi M. (2002)
  Standardised Leadership Tools in MNEs – Critical Reflections on the Conditions for Successful Implementations

  Journal of European Industrial Training, 26(6) , s. 274-282.

• Flygansvær, Bente (2001)
  Uten returlogistikk - intet godt logistikksystem

  [Professional Article]. ?, 5

• Kriger, Mark P. & Hanson, B.J. (2001)
  A Value-based Paradigm for Creating Truly Healthy Organizations

  Kunne ikke finne tidsskrift Whitty, M,

• Hoivik, Heidi von Weltzien (2001)
  Accessing, managing and sustaining moral competence in organizations: a case study

  Moral leadership in action : building and sustaning moral competence in euroean organizations/Høivik,H.v.W. (red.),

• Jahre, Marianne (2001)
  Miljølogistikk (revidert kapitel)

  Logistikk - et lederansvar/Deg,Bjørnland, Helge, Virum, Göran Persson (red.),

• Salter, Cato; Vikesland, Martin & Jakobsen, Erik Werner (2001)
  Den maritime næring i Oslo og Akershus - en rapport til prosjektet "Det Regionale Maritime Norge"

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Rapporten er delt inn i fire hoveddeler. Kapittel 1 og 2 tar for seg teori om næringsklynger, og forklarer studiets metode. Kapittel 3 gir en kort oversikt over den maritime næringen i Oslo og Akershus, med verdiskapingssystem og produktmarkedskoblinger. Kapittel 4 tar for seg den maritime næringen i Oslo og Akershus ut fra et bedriftsøkonomisk perspektiv og presenterer en omfattende gjennomgang av næringens utvikling i perioden 1988-1999. Kapittel 5 tar for seg klyngeanalysen av den maritime næringen i regionen, og i Kapittel 6 presenteres et sammendrag, konklusjoner og anbefalinger til bedrifter, organisasjoner og myndigheter.

• Flygansvær, Bente (2001)
  Returlogistikk - en kilde til konkurransefordel?

  [Professional Article]. ?, 5

• Bø, Eirill (2001)
  Innkjøp

  Logistikk: et lederansvar/red. Dag Bjørnland, Göran Persson, Helge Virum,

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2001)
  Etikk for næringslivet. Perspektiver og praksis

  Unipub forlag

• Stabell, Charles (2001)
  New Models for Value Creation and Competitive Advantage in the Petroleum Industry

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  This research project has applied, tested and further developed a set of new models for the analysis of value creation and competitive advantage in the context of the global petroleum industry. The basic idea behind the project was that Porter’s value chain model (1985) for the analysis of firm-level competitive advantage was basically only applicable to manufacturing. Building on Thompson’s (1967) distinction between long-linked, intensive and mediating value creation technologies, we proposed three distinct generic value configurations for the analysis and management of firm-level value creation across industries and firms (see Stabell and Fjeldstad, 1998; Fjeldstad and Stabell, 1997). Each configuration has a distinct activity template and different drivers of firm performance. Thus, while the value chain is proposed as relevant to the analysis of manufacturing firms relying on a long-linked technology, the value shop is an activity template for firms that use an intensive technology and create value by resolving unique customer problems. The value network is an activity template for firms that use a mediating technology and that create value by enabling direct and indirect exchanges across a set of customers. The major results of the work can be grouped into three main areas: further development of theories and methods, empirical studies, and impact on research, teaching and practice. While our empirical studies are focused on the petroleum industry (primarily petroleum exploration), the other categories of results span a much broader range of issues and industries.

• Bjørnland, Dag; Persson, Göran & Virum, Helge (2001)
  Logistikk : et lederansvar

  Gyldendal Akademisk

• Løwendahl, Bente R.; Revang, Øivind & Fosstenløkken, Siw (2001)
  Knowledge and value creation in professional service firms : a framework for analysis

  Human Relations, 54(7) , s. 911-931.

• Brinkmann, Johannes & Sims, Ronald R. (2001)
  Stakeholder-Sensitive Business Ethics Teaching

  Teaching Business Ethics, 5, s. 171-193.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2001)
  On Business Ethics and Moralism

  ?, 10(4) , s. 311-319.

• Rao, Hayagreeva; Greve, Henrich R. & Davis, Gerald F. (2001)
  Fool's gold: Social proof in the initiation and discontinuation of coverage by Wall Street analysts

  Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(September) , s. 502-526.

• Wenstøp, Fred (2001)
  Statistikk og datanalyse. Arbeidshefte med bruk av programvare og løsning av case

  [Textbook]. Universitetsforlaget

• Bjørnland, Dag; Bjerkelund, Rune & Granquist, Tom (2001)
  Kjøpesenteret og dets logistikksystem. Dagens praksis og potensiale for forbedring

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Forsknings- og utviklingsprosjektet "Effektiv og miljøvennlig vareforsyning til kjøpesentre og andre butikkonsentrasjoner" har analysert hele den verdiskapende kjeden ved distribusjon av utvalgte forbruksvarer fra den opprinnelige produksjon av varene til det endelige butikkmottak med etterfølgende retur av avfall, emballasje o l. I prosjektet deltar flere importører som har hver sine distribusjonskanaler, men de kan ha felles interesser i deler av sine kanaler. Verdikjeden forutsetter samvirke av mange ledd for å være effektiv og produsere en vare som svarer til forbrukerens forventning med hensyn til pris, kvalitet og service. Slutten av kjeden omfatter de logistiske aktivitetene som er knyttet til varemottaket på kjøpesenter og i butikk. Rapporten summerer opp resultatene fra den del av prosjektet som nettopp behandler logistiske aktiviteter knyttet til kjøpesenter og butikk, i rapporten betegnet som Kjøpesenter. Det er således slutten av distribusjonskanalen som behandles i rapporten. Analysen bygger på flere tilnærminger som til sammen ble antatt tilstrekkelige for å belyse de valgte problemstillinger, og som samtidig kunne gi muligheter for forslag til forbedringer. De valgte tilnærminger var: - Valg av logistisk teorigrunnlag. - Spørreskjema laget for analyse av kjøpesentre og beregnet på senter-ledelse og utvalgte butikker. Analyse av returnerte spørreskjema. - Besøk på utvalgte kjøpesentre og samtaler med senterledelse og utvalgte butikker. Oppsummering av egne inntrykk fra besøkene. - Intervju med utvalgte aktører med kunnskap om varehandel og kjøpe-sentre. - Samlet analyse av materialet.

• Bjørnland, Dag (2001)
  Freight transport

  Logistikk : et lederansvar/Dag Bjørnland, Göran Persson og Helge Virum,

• Fjeldstad, Øystein & Haanæs, Knut (2001)
  Strategy Tradeoffs in the Knowledge and Network Economy

  Business Strategy Review, 12(1) , s. 1-10.

• Vikesland, Martin & Jakobsen, Erik Werner (2001)
  En verdiskapende matnæring

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Rapporten er delt inn i 7 kapitler. Kapittel 1 og 2 gir en kort introduksjon til teori om næringsklynger, og forklarer studiens metode. Kapittel 3 presenterer verdisystemet for næringen inkludert koblinger mot bioteknologi, sjømat og reiseliv. Kapittel 4 viser utviklingen i jordbruksvaresektoren i perioden 1988-1999 langs et sett ”performance-indikatorer”. Kapittel 4 er basert på komplette regnskap fra næringens bedrifter fordelt på virksomhetsgrupper, geografi og eierformer. Kapittel 5 presenterer resultater fra en omfattende analyse av næringens struktur og underliggende dynamikk. Kapittel 6 ser nærmere på status i koblinger mellom jordbruksvaresektoren, sjømat, bioteknologi og reiseliv. I kapittel 7 presenteres et fyldig sammendrag og konklusjoner.

• Løwendahl, Bente R.; Revang, Øivind & FOSSTENLØKKEN, Siw Marita (2001)
  Knowledge and Value Creation in Professional Service Firms: A Framework for Analysis

  Human Relations, 54(7) , s. 911-931.

• Wenstøp, Fred (2001)
  Statistikk og Datanalyse

  [Textbook]. Universitetsforlaget

• Huemer, Lars (2001)
  Om förtroende och affärsrelationer

  Tillitens ansikten/Aronsen,G. och J.C.Karlsson (red.),

• Virum, Helge & Persson, Göran (2001)
  Growth strategies for logistics service providers

  International Journal of Logistics Management, 12(1) , s. 53-64.

• Bjørnland, Dag (2001)
  Regional planlegging av transportinfrastruktur gjennom etterkrigstiden

  Kart og Plan, 94(4)

• Andersen, Espen (2001)
  Doing Business in a Mobile World

  [Report Research]. The Concours Group

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2001)
  Næringslivsetikk som akademisk fag?

  Beta – Scandinavian Journal of Business Research, 15(1) , s. 35-49.

• Bjørnland, Dag & Lægreid, Lasse (2001)
  Logistikk-kostnader i et langsiktig perspektiv

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Rapporten har det ærgjerrige siktemålet å gi en tallmessig oversikt over logistikk-kostnadenes nivå og utvikling i hele etterkrigstiden. Konkret har vi beregnet kostnadene for hvert år i femtiårsperioden 1947-1997 både i løpende og i faste priser (1990-priser). I et så langt tidsrom vil det naturligvis være begrenset hvilke komponenter som kan tallfestes, og hvor detaljert det kan gjøres. Vi har imidlertid kunnet tallfeste de fem komponentene som er listet opp nedenfor i rimelig omfang: 1. Lager 2. Emballering 3. Forsikring av varer under transport 4. Tidsforbruket for varer under transport 5. Alle former for ekstern transport og virksomhet tilknyttet transport (bl.a. ervervsmessig terminalvirksomhet).

• Askildsen, Thorkel; Bjørnland, Dag & Granquist, Tom (2001)
  Høye avgifter på landtransport i Norge - betydning for transport og annen næringsvirksomhet

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Rapporten dokumenterer resultatene fra et oppdragsprosjekt utført for Nærings- og handelsdepartementet med det formål å analysere den betydning avgifter har på norsk landtransport i et internasjonalt perspektiv og med fokus på tidsforløpet. Hovedvekten er lagt på vegtransport, men jernbanetransport behandles også. Det ligger ikke innenfor prosjektets rammer å foreta noen total analyse av sammenhenger mellom priser, kostnader og konkurranseforhold for norske transportører. I noen grad analyserer vi priser og totalkostnader i kapittel 1, men hovedvekten har vært på avgiftenes betydning for konkurranseforholdene. Det teoretiske grunnlaget for analysene bygger på logistikk med vekt på kostnader, inter-organisatoriske relasjoner og konkurransefordeler og markedsøkonomi med vekt på markedsatferd og atferdens forutsetninger. Statsvitenskapelige elementer med vekt på forståelse for hvordan forvaltningen fungerer og samspiller nasjonalt og i tilknytning til Den europeiske union (EU), inngår også i analysen. Prosjektet er gjennomført dels som litteraturanalyser, dels som caseanalyser av et antall utførte lastebilturer mellom Norge og utlandet sammenholdt med lignende turer for uten-landske produsenter. I prosjektet er det lagt vekt på synspunkter på utviklingen fremover. Både caseanalysene og viktigheten av å se avgiftene i et tidsforløp representerer originale bidrag til forståelsen av hvilke muligheter som foreligger for fremtidige avgiftsordninger.

• Flier, B.; Bosch, Frans A.J. Van Den, Volberda, Henk W., Carnevale, C., Tomkin, N., Melin, L., Quelin, B. & Kriger, Mark (2001)
  The Changing Landscape of the European Financial Services Sector

  Long Range Planning, 34(2) , s. 179-207.

• Becerra, Manuel & Huemer, Lars (2001)
  Moral character and relationship effectiveness : an empirical investigation of trust within organizations

  Moral leadership in action, Edgar Elgar/Høivik, H.v.W,

• Jakobsen, Erik Werner; Vikesland, Martin & Holst, Lars Kristen (2001)
  En verdiskapende skog- og trenæring

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  Skog- og trenæringen er en av de største næringene i Norge. Næringen hadde i 1999 høyere verdiskaping enn sjømatnæringen (fiskeri, akvakultur og leverandørindustri), og trekker på store innenlandske ressurser. 125.000 skogeiendommer forsyner både tremekanisk industri og treforedling-industri med råstoff, og inkludert videreforedlingsbedrifter sysselsetter industrien over 20.000 personer. I tillegg er det en rekke handelsbedrifter som selger næringens produkter til konsumenter og byggeindustri. Totalt omsatte skog- og trenæringens bedrifter for over 60 mrd kroner i 1999, og netto verdiskaping var ca. 12 mrd. Rapporten er delt inn i fire hoveddeler. Kapittel 1-3 tar for seg teori om næringsklynger, og forklarer studiens metode. Kapittel 4-5 gir en kort oversikt over den norske skog- og trenæringen og presenterer en omfattende gjennomgang av næringens utvikling og performance i perioden 1988-1999. Kapittel 6-9 tar for seg klyngeanalysen av skog- og trenæringen, og i kapittel 10 presenteres konklusjoner og anbefalinger til bedrifter, organisasjoner og myndigheter.

• Gadde, Lars-Erik & Håkansson, Håkan (2001)
  Supply Network Strategies

  Wiley

• Magnus, Per & Wenstøp, Fred (2001)
  Value focused rationality in AIDS policy

  Health Policy, 57, s. 57-72.

• Håkansson, Håkan & Huemer, Lars (2001)
  Marknader som organiserade nätverk

  Nordiske organisasjonsstudier, 3

• Gripsrud, Geir & Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2001)
  Promotion of products from developing coutries : an overview and assessment of import promotion efforts

  Trade and investment in a globalising world/ed. by Rajneesh Narula,

• Pedersen, Ann-Charlott; Torvatn, Tim, Bjørnland, Dag, Persson, Göran & Virum, Helge (2001)
  Utvikling av leverandørrelasjoner

  Logistikk - et lederansvar, , s. 271-291.

• Roland, Kjell; Norman, Victor & Reve, Torger (2001)
  Rikdommens problem : oljeformue, eierskap og fremtidens pensjoner

  Universitetsforlaget

• Amdam, Rolv Petter; Hennestad, Bjørn, Lunnan, Randi, Nilsen, Sølvi M. & Lervik, Jon Erland (2001)
  Standardisering - en hemsko for fornyelse?

  Magma forskning og viten,

• Wenstøp, Fred; Wenstøp, Fred & Seip, Knut L. (2001)
  Legitimacy and Quality of Multi-Criteria Environmental Policy Analysis: A Meta Analysis of Five MCE Studies in Norway

  Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 10, s. 53-64.

• Hervik, Arild & Jakobsen, Erik W. (2001)
  Det regionale maritime Norge : en vital nasjonal næring med regionale særpreg

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  En av konklusjonene fra prosjektet ”Et verdiskapende Norge” var at den maritime næringen står i en særstilling i norsk næringsliv. Den opererer i globale markeder og er lokalisert i Norge av kompetansemessige årsaker. Det er ikke tilgang på naturressurser eller billige innsatsfaktorer som gjør at et stort antall rederier, skipskonsulenter og produsenter av skipsutstyr har valgt å drive sin virksomhet fra Norge. De er lokalisert her fordi Norge har et av verdens sterkeste og mest kompetente maritime næringsmiljøer. Maritim næring er med andre ord Norges eneste globale kompetansenæring. Denne rapporten presenterer resultatene fra det sentrale komparative prosjektet i ”Det regionale maritime Norge.” Presentasjonen vil veksle mellom det overordnede nasjonale bildet og de regionale forskjellene. Først beskrives status og utvikling i næringen, deretter viser vi noen viktige sammenhenger som har blitt avdekket i dataanalysene, før vi avslutter med noen utfordringer og anbefalinger for myndigheter og næring.

• Hope, Einar; Mathiesen, Lars, Reve, Torger, Reve, Torger & Nås, Svein Olav (2001)
  Best i test? Referansetesting av rammevilkår for verdiskaping i næringslivet

  [Report Research]. Statens forvaltningstjeneste, Informasjonsforvaltning

• Jakobsen, Erik w.; Goldeng, Eskil le Bruyn & Reve, Torger (2001)
  Eierskapets betydning for verdiskapingen

  Rikdommens problem : oljeformue, eierskap og fremtidens pensjoner, , s. 147-171.

• Jakobsen, Erik w.; Goldeng, Eskil le Bruyn & Reve, Torger (2001)
  Eierskap - spiller det noen rolle?

  Rikdommens problem : oljeformue, eierskap og fremtidens pensjoner, , s. 120-146.

• Bjørnland, Dag & Bjerkelund, Rune (2000)
  Strukturtrekk i utviklingen i norsk godstransport

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Sanchez, Ron & Heene, Aimé (2000)
  Implicit Theories of Strategy and Managerial Discretion

  Advances in Applied Business Strategy, , s. 147-163.

  Vis sammendrag

  In this paper the manager's strategic way-of-thinking is in focus. A strategic way-of thinking consists of a number of thematic sets of values, assumptions, beliefs, ideas and thoughts about management and strategic development in organizations. Some of these ideas are implicit (beyond awareness), and are based on some preconceived, implicit understanding of what to do in order to make the "right" choices, and what the "right" choices might be. These preconceived ideas are labeled implicit theories of strategy. The paper explains the concept of implicit theories of strategy, how this concept relates to strategic decision-making and where it originates. Some propositions for further research are suggested related to the topics presented above. Implicit theories of strategy can contribute to a development of the competence-based management perspective and this is also discussed. At the end, some suggestions for how to study implicit theories of strategy are proposed.

• Brinkmann, Johannes (2000)
  Real Estate Agent Ethics. Selected Findings from Two Norwegian Studies, Business Ethics

  ?, 9(3) , s. 163-173.

• Revang, Øivind (2000)
  Strategisk posisjonering, profilering og partnerskap - en internasjonal strateg setter sine spor

  Med BI fra aftenskole til vitenskapelig høyskole - Festskrift til Gerson Komissars 80-årsdag, , s. 54-65.

• Reve, Torger (2000)
  The financial services industry - An industry in the interneet based melting pot

  [Popular Science Article]. Financial Year, , s. 26-28.

• Petersen, Bent; Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Pedersen, Torben (2000)
  Replacing the foreign intermediary: motivators and deterrents

  International Studies of Management and Organization, 32(1) , s. 57-78.

• Jakobsen, Erik W.; Vikesland, Martin & Moen, Espen (2000)
  Den norske olje- og gassklyngen – internasjonalisering, omstilling eller forvitring?

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Strøm, Øystein (2000)
  Chain strategies and modes of foreign market penetration in agribusiness

  Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 11(2) , s. 1-21.

• Benito, Gabriel R.G.; Berger, Eivind, Forest, Morten de la & Shum, Jonas (2000)
  Den maritime sektor i Norge sett i et klyngeperspektiv

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Thowsen, Monika P. & Carlsen, Arne J. (2000)
  Institutions and cultural traditions. - Their impacts on decision-making regarding urban air pollution in China and Norway

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Sims, R. & Brinkmann, Johannes (2000)
  Undervisning i næringslivsetikk: Mål og hindringer

  [Professional Article]. ?, (feb.) , s. 44-46.

• Andersen, Espen; DiRomualdo, Tony & Gurbaxani, Vijay (2000)
  Making IT a Center of Business Innovation

  [Report Research]. The Concours Group

• Fjeldstad, Øystein D.; Andersen, Espen & Viken, Marie B. (2000)
  Verdiskaping og internasjonal konkurransedyktighet i norsk IKT-sektor

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Virum, Helge (2000)
  Mye å tjene på riktig logistikk

  [Professional Article]. ?, (3)

• Grønland, Stein Erik; Rindli, Jan Elling & Virum, Helge (2000)
  Strategivalg for lastebilnæringen

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Persson, Gøran & Virum, Helge (2000)
  Strategiutvikling hos logistikkaktører. En studie av logistikkallianser i forsyningskjeder

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Haanæs, Knut (2000)
  Hvordan skape et innovasjonsdrevet næringsliv i Norge?

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Revang, Øivind (2000)
  Med lønnsomhet som kriterium -en gründer initierer, kopierer, prioriterer og lykkes

  Med BI fra aftenskole til vitenskapelig høyskole - Festskrift til Gerson Komissars 80-årsdag, , s. 15-28.

• Revang, Øivind (2000)
  Et interessant sted å være - en systemdynamiker starter vekst uten grenser

  Med BI fra aftenskole til vitenskapelig høyskole - Festskrift til Gerson Komissars 80-årsdag, , s. 42-53.

• Benito, Gabriel R.G. (2000)
  Industrial clusters and foreign companies' centres of excellence in Norway

  The Emergence and Impact of MNC Centres of Excellence, , s. 97-112.

• Løwendahl, Bente (2000)
  The globalization of professional service firms – Fad or genuine source of competitive advantage?

  Kunne ikke finne tidsskrift Nachum, L,

• Løwendahl, Bente (2000)
  Learning Effects – The Case Of The Lillehammer Olympic Winter Games 1994

  Kunne ikke finne tidsskrift Mossberg,, , s. 5-5.

• Løwendahl, Bente (2000)
  Strategic Management of Professional Service Firms

  Copenhagen Business School Press.

• Sims, Ron & Brinkmann, Johannes (2000)
  Stakeholder-Sensitive Business Ethics Teaching

  Teaching Business Ethics, , s. 1-23.

• Revang, Øivind (2000)
  Strukturering, systematisering og styring - en erfaren industrialist konsoliderer

  Med BI fra aftenskole til vitenskapelig høyskole - Festskrift til Gerson Komissars 80-årsdag, , s. 66-78.

• Revang, Øivind (2000)
  Fra privat entreprenørvirksomhet til samfunnsmessig legitimitet - jubilanten legger grunnstenene for videre utvikling

  Med BI fra aftenskole til vitenskapelig høyskole - Festskrift til Gerson Komissars 80-årsdag, , s. 29-41.

• Revang, Øivind (2000)
  Fremtiden er hva vi gjør den til - en "tospråklig utvandrer" fra NHH vurderer organisering og strategi

  Med BI fra aftenskole til vitenskapelig høyskole - Festskrift til Gerson Komissars 80-årsdag, , s. 79-93.

• Revang, Øivind (2000)
  Sentrale trekk i kunnskapsbedriften BIs utvikling - en organisasjonsteoretisk analyse

  Med BI fra aftenskole til vitenskapelig høyskole - Festskrift til Gerson Komissars 80-årsdag, , s. 94-119.

• Revang, Øivind (2000)
  Med BI fra aftenskole til vitenskapelig høyskole - Festskrift til Gerson Komissars 80-årsdag

  Fagbokforlaget

• Løwendahl, Bente & Revang, Øivind (2000)
  On Strategic Assets in a Post-Industrial World: Matching Customers and Competence through Organizational Forms

  Global Focus, 12(4) , s. 95-109.

• Virum, Helge & Bagchi, Prabir (2000)
  Logistics Competence in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: the Norvegian Expertice

  ?, 1(1) , s. 10-10.

• Foss, Bjørn & Virum, Helge (2000)
  Transportlogistikk

  [Textbook]. Gyldendalske bokhandel, Nordisk forlag A/S

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Amdam, Rolv Petter (2000)
  Etablering og utvikling av ledelseskulturer: Norsk kenningisme

  Nordiske organisasjonsstudier, 2, 1, s. 84-106.

  Vis sammendrag

  Artikkelen fokuserer på hvordan en ledelseskultur etableres og utvikles. Hovedvekten er lagt på å forklare hvilke faktorer som er viktige for lederes valg av ledelsesideer og årsakene til at disse ideene blir spredt utover flere bedrifter og over tid. Ledelseskulturen som bidrar til det empiriske grunnlaget for artikkelen er kenningisme - en ledelseskultur som utviklet seg blant norske bedriftsledere som brukte George Kenning (amerikansk ledelseskonsulent) og hans ledelsesprinsipper til å definere hva ledelse er, og som betraktet ham som en betydningsfull rådgiver. Studien viser at en ledelseskultur over tid kan utvikles til å bli en mote. Videre behøver ikke moten nødvendigvis å dø helt ut, men snarere gjenoppstå i en ny og mer moderne utgave. Funnene fra studien antyder også at man bør studere utviklingen av ledelseskulturer i et evolusjonært perspektiv, siden en slik kultur utvikles over tid og gjennomgår ulike utviklingsfaser. The paper focuses on how a management culture was established and developed. The emphasis is on explaining which factors that have major influence on managers' choices of management ideas and the reasons for the diffusion of these ideas among organizations and over time. The case used to exemplify these relationships is the diffu-sion of George Kenning's management philosophy in Norway. He was an American management consultant helping some Norwegian managers to define management and managerial roles. This study shows that a management culture develops over time and after a while even becomes a fashion. It also shows that a management fashion do not necessarily suddenly die. It might be revitalized and arise in new forms. The findings in the study, thus, suggest that applying an evolutionary perspective on the development of a management culture might enhance the understanding of this formation process.

• Kopp, Hermann; Jakobsen, Erik W. & Vikesland, Martin (2000)
  Verdiskaping og internasjonal konkurransedyktighet i den norske sjømatnæringen

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Lervik, Jon Erland; Amdam, Rolv Petter, Lunnan, Randi & Traavik, Laura Mercer (2000)
  Organizational recipes and Management Practice in Multinational Corporations

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

  Vis sammendrag

  In this paper we explore potential factors explaining how organizational recipes are spread within Multinational Companies. Implementation of organizational recipes has become a widespread phenomenon, but most current research have focused on diffusion between companies and not within companies. We distinguish between formal adoption and putting a recipe to use, i.e. whether the concept leads to changes in work processes and management practice. We develop a number of propositions, where we aim to explain spreading by the following factors: i) Role of the corporate center as a change agent, ii) Recipient units’ previous experience with organizational concepts, and iii) National culture of recipient units.

• Haanæs, Knut; Fjeldstad, Øystein & Sanchez, R. and Heene A. (1999)
  The Strategic Link Between Competition and Competencies

  Formulating Competence-Based Strategy,

• Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien (1999)
  Ta moralske hensyn

  [Popular Science Article]. ?, (4)

• Bjørnland, Dag (1999)
  Investment in Transport Infrastructure. Volum 1: Summary

  OECD

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Revang, Øivind (1999)
  Når gamle sannheter ikke gjelder

  SPOrenstrax, (6)

• Benito, Gabriel R.G.; Pedersen, Torben & Petersen, Bent (1999)
  Foreign operation methods and switching costs: conceptual issues and possible effects

  Scandinavian Journal of Management, 15, s. 213-229.

• Haanæs, Knut (1999)
  Innovasjon som strategisk utfordring

  ?, , s. 94-103.

• Haanæs, Knut (1999)
  En samtale med James March om forskningsrelevans, kommersiell innovasjon og organisasjonsmessig læring (intervju)

  ?, , s. 89-94.

• Becerra, Manuel & Fjeldstad, Øystein (1999)
  Expansion Del Modelo La Cadena De Valor: Estudio De La Conducta Competitiva en el Sector Europeo de Teloefonia Movil

  ?, 5(1) , s. 61-79.

• Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien (1999)
  Adapting implementation of the CRT Principles to various cultures

  Perspectives - CAUX Round Table report,

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Johannessen, Tor Arne (1999)
  Verdiskapning i nettverk. Forprosjekt

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Løwendahl, Bente R. (1999)
  Konsulentbruk - velsignet hjelp og støtte, eller dyrekjøpte problemer?

  [Professional Article]. Statoil Forum, (12)

• Haanæs, Knut & Hæreid, J.E. (1999)
  Venture capital fondenes rolle i Silicon Valley

  Praktisk Økonomi & Finans, (2) , s. 31-38.

• Lesch, W.; Grimm, J. & Brinkmann, Johannes (1999)
  The North American Free Trade Agreement and Environmental Provisions: A Review of Promises, Processes, and Outcomes

  ?, 9(1) , s. 73-82.

• Haanæs, Knut (1999)
  Strategic Resources in Action: A Case Study of the Dynal Biotech Joint Venture

  Scandinavian Journal of Management, 15, s. 249-267.

• Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien (1999)
  Finnes det etikkfrie soner i næringslivet?

  ?, (8) , s. 56-67.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Nordhaug, Odd (1999)
  Ledelse i kunnskapsøkonomien

  Ledelse 2000+,

• Østergren, Katarina & Huemer, Lars (1999)
  Strategic thinking in the swedish construction industry

  Strategic Change, 8(8) , s. 445-457.

• Kriger, Mark P. & Hanson, B.J. (1999)
  A Value-based Paradigm for Creating Truly Healthy Organizations

  Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(4) , s. 302-317.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. (1999)
  Kompetanseutvikling for verdiskapning i profesjonelle tjenestebedrifter – en begrepsavklaring

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Gripsrud, Geir (1999)
  Promoting efforts from developing countries: An empirical test of the impact of import promotion offices

  The international trade journal, 13(2) , s. 187-209.

• Bjørnland, Dag (1999)
  Investment in Transport Infrastructure. Volume 2: Country studies

  OECD

• Reve, Torger (1999)
  "En duft av kvinner". Tanker om ledelse og næringsliv i det 21. århundre

  Aschehoug & Co

• Kriger, Mark P. (1999)
  Utvikling av ‘high-end’ kunnskap

  Underveis til Fremtiden: Kunnkapsledelse i teori og praksis, , s. 92-103.

• Fjeldstad, Øystein (1999)
  The Value System in Telecommunication

  Liberalising European Telecommunication,

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Revang, Øivind (1999)
  Knowledge workers and organizational design - Challenges from incompatible requirements

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Løwendahl, Bente & Revang, Øivind (1999)
  Strategi, ledelse og organisasjon i en postindustriell virkelighet

  Underveis til fremtiden. Kunnskapsledelse i teori og praksis, , s. 104-125.

• Gripsrud, Geir & Olsson, Ulf Henning (1999)
  Markedsanalyse

  [Textbook]. Cappelen Damm Høyskoleforlaget

• Wenstøp, Fred (1998)
  Statistikk og dataanalyse

  [Textbook]. Aschehoug & Co

• Sørensen, Henrik B. & Reve, Torger (1998)
  Forming Strategic Alliances for Asset Development

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Bagchi, Prabir & Virum, Helge (1998)
  Logistical Alliances: Trends and Prospects in Integrated Europe

  Journal of Business Logistics, 19(1)

• Kunøe, Gorm & Svarød, Øystein (1998)
  Direkte markedsføring - introduksjon, analyse, planlegging, gjennom- føring, effektmåling og kontroll

  [Professional Article]. ?,

• Malan, L.C. & Kriger, Mark (1998)
  Making Sense of Managerial Wisdom

  ?, 7(3) , s. 242-251.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Doksør, H. (1998)
  Kompetansebasert konkurranseevne - noen implikasjoner for personalledelse

  Kunnskap i arbeid - status og fremtidsbilder,

• Nes, Erik & Ghauri, Pervez (1998)
  Country of Origin Effects on Products Coming From Eastern Europe

  ?, 4(1/2)

• Haanes, Knut & Fjeldstad, Øystein (1998)
  The Strategic Link Between Competition and Competences

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Nordhaug, Odd (1998)
  OL-organisasjonen som kompetansesystem

  Kompetansestyring i arbeidslivet; Utvalgte emner,

• Brønn, Carl (1998)
  Applying epistemic logic and evidential theory to strategic arguments

  Strategic Management Journal, 19(1)

• Løwendahl, Bente R. (1998)
  Globalisering av konsulenttjenester

  Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, (3)

• Høivik, Heidi von Weltzien (1998)
  The Moral Aspects of Work: A European Perspective

  ?, 12, s. 23-37.

• Benito, Gabriel R.G.; Pedersen, T., Petersen, B. & Larimo, J. (1998)
  Change of foreign operation method: Impetus and switching costs

  Internationalization and Foreing Direct Investment Behavior in OECD and Asian Countries,

• Haanæs, Knut (1998)
  Fra Eksterne Analyser til Prosess: En Kommentar til "The Core Compe- tence of the Corporation" av Prahalad og Hamel

  ?, (1) , s. 96-102.

• Rosendahl, Tom & Bjerke, Rune (1998)
  Reklame over alle grenser - tverrkulturell markedskommunikasjon

  Cappelen Damm Akademisk

• Mörch, Nils-Henrik von der; Norman, Victor D., Reve, Torger & Ryssel, Anders Chr. Stray (1998)
  Incitamentsorientert konkurranseanalyse

  Konkurranse, 2, s. 2-11.

• Tomassen, Sverre; Welch, Lawrence S. & Benito, Gabriel R. G. (1998)
  Norwegian Companies in India: Operation Mode Choice

  Asian Journal of Business & Information Systems, 3(1) , s. 1-20.

• Jahre, Marianne (1998)
  Debatten om gjenvinningens fortreffelighet eller skade ...

  [Popular Science Article]. ?,

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (1998)
  Hvordan påvirker ulike kunnskapskilder lederes praksis

  Magma forskning og viten,

• Benito, Gabriel R.G. (1998)
  Utviklingen av norske direkte utenlandske investeringer

  Globalisering - drivkrefter og konsekvenser. BI årbok 1998, , s. 122-135.

• Haanæs, Knut (1998)
  Hvordan forbedre bedrifters mobilisering av egne ressurser?

  Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 14(1) , s. 94-101.

• Wenstøp, Fred; Carlsen, Arne J., Beinat, E. & Nijkamp, P. (1998)
  Using Decision Panels to Evaluate Hydropower Development Projects

  Multi Criteria Evaluation in Land Use Management,

• Blindheim, Trond (1998)
  Den hedonistiske forbruker

  ?, 1(2)

• Fjeldstad, Øystein D. & Stabell, Charles (1998)
  Configuring Value for Competitive Advantage: On Chains, Shops and Networks

  Strategic Management Journal, 19(5)

• Virum, Helge (1998)
  Les competences logistiques des petites et moyennes entreprises norvegiennes

  ?, 6(2)

• Sheehan, Norman T. (1998)
  A note on the upstream petroleum industry: Adding oil reserves in the North Sea

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Flygansvær, Bente & Virum, Helge (1998)
  Diffusjonsprosesser i nettverk - hvordan kan bedrifter forberede sine logistikkprosesser gjennom læring av hverandre?

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Kunøe, Gorm (1998)
  On the ability of ad agencies to assist in developing one-to-one commu nication: "the core of dialogue"

  European Journal of Marketing,

• Reve, Torger; Glimstedt, Henrik & Lange, Even (1998)
  Internasjonaliseringsstrategi i inorsk næringsliv

  Globalisering - drivkrefter og konsekvenser,

• Haanæs, Knut; Glimstedt, Henrik & Lange, Even (1998)
  Hvorfor internasjonaliserer bedrifter?

  Globalisering - drivkrefter og konsekvenser. BI årbok 1998,

• Fjeldstad, Øystein D.; Stabell, Charles & Antonsen, Ann Kristin (1998)
  Value Creation and Strategic Positioning in Petroleum Exploration: Assessing the Revelance of the Value Shop Model

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Wenstøp, Fred (1998)
  Statistikk og dataanalyse, Arbeidshefte med bruk av programvare

  [Textbook]. Aschehoug & Co

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Nordhaug, Odd (1998)
  Kompetansekartlegging: OL 1994

  Kompetansestyring i arbeidslivet; Utvalgte emner,

• Løwendahl, Bente R. (1998)
  Internrevisjon i fremtidens postmoderne virksomhet - en umulighet eller viktigere enn noen gang?

  [Professional Article]. Internrevisoren, (1)

• Løwendahl, Bente R. (1998)
  Den postmoderne internrevisor

  [Professional Article]. Internrevisoren, (3)

• Kunøe, Gorm (1998)
  Markedsplan II: Perspektiv, plan og prosess

  [Professional Article]. ?, (2)

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Amdam, Rolv Petter (1998)
  Educational and Social Construction of Managerial Practice

  Vezetéstudomány,

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Bjarnar, Ove (1998)
  The regional dissemination of American productivity models in Norway in the 1950s and 1960s

  The Americanisation of European Business: The Marshall Plan and the Transfer of US Management Models, , s. 91-111.

• Tomassen, S.; Benito, Gabriel R.G. & Welch, L.S. (1998)
  Norwegian companies in India: Operation mode choice

  Asian Journal of Business & Information Systems, 3(1) , s. 1-19.

• Reve, Torger; Grønhaug, Kjell & Haugland, Sven A. (1998)
  Små og mellomstore bedrifters internasjonalisering

  [Popular Science Article]. Magma forskning og viten, 1(4) , s. 32-41.

• Sørensen, Henrik B. & Reve, Torger (1998)
  Forming Strategic Alliances for Asset Development

  Scandinavian Journal of Management, 14(3) , s. 151-165.

  Vis sammendrag

  En toppartikkel om debatten om etablering av et universitet i Stavan ger Sammendrag

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Revang, Øivind (1998)
  Challenges to existing strategy theory in a post-industrial society

  Strategic Management Journal, 19(8) , s. 755-773.

• Kolltveit, Bjørn J. & Reve, Torger (1998)
  Prosjekt - organisering, ledelse og gjennomføring

  [Textbook]. Aschehoug & Co

• Buvik, Arnt & Reve, Torger (1998)
  Asymmetrical deployment of specific assets and contractual safeguarding in industrial purchasing relationships

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Grønhaug, Kjell & Gripsrud, Geir (1998)
  Exploring the Robustness of Organizational Buying Knowledge: The Case of Purchase Behavior in Public Schools

  ?, 47(4)

• Nordhaug, Odd; Jevnaker, Birgit Helene, Grønhaug, Kjell & Løwendahl, Bente R. (1998)
  Kompetansestyring i arbeidslivet 3 utg

  Aschehoug & Co

• Altenborg, Ellen Elisabeth (1998)
  Styring av interne forretningsenheter: Evnen til å utnytte synergier i konsern

  [Professional Article]. Magma forskning og viten, Doi: https://doi.org/10.23865/magma.v1.37

• Benito, Gabriel R G & Welch, Lawrence S (1997)
  De-internationalization

  Management International Review (MIR), 37, s. 7-25.

• Reve, Torger (1997)
  Har Norge noen varige konkurransefortrinn?

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 13(3)

• Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (1997)
  Sosiale paradokser og organisasjonsutvikling

  Beta – Scandinavian Journal of Business Research, (2) , s. 62-73.

• Benito, Gabriel R G (1997)
  Why are foreign subsidiaries divested? A conceptual framework

  The Nature of the International Firm, , s. 309-344.

• Benito, Gabriel R G (1997)
  Divestment of foreign production operations

  Applied Economics, 29(10) , s. 1365-1377.

• Reve, Torger & Walderhaug, Klaus (1997)
  SND - Bank eller næringsutvikler?

  [Popular Science Article]. SNF Bulletin, 9(1) , s. 3-5.

• Knutsen, Sverre Richard; Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Thue, Lars (1997)
  Bedrift og Samfunn, 2. utg

  Fagbokforlaget

• Løwendahl, Bente R; Løwendahl, Bente R & Nordhaug, Odd (1997)
  Kompetanserevolusjon og frihetsledelse

  Kompetanserevolusjon og frihetsledelse, , s. 62-75.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik & Bjarnar, Ove (1997)
  Regional business networks and the diffusion of American management and organisational models to Norway 1945-1965

  Business History, 39(1) , s. 79-90.

• Andersen, Svein S & Revang, Øivind (1997)
  Bankstrategier i personkundemarkedet - Visjoner eller dynamisk konservatisme?

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Nordhaug, Odd (1997)
  Kompetansestyring og strategisk organisasjonsutvikling

  Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, (mar.97) , s. 11-22.

• Reve, Torger & Buvik, Arnt (1997)
  Does structural power effect safeguarding of specific assets in industrial buyer-seller relationships?

  [Report Research]. Stiftelsen for samfunns- og næringslivsforskning

  Vis sammendrag

  Neither market power nor resource-dependency based power does play a significant role in the basic model of transaction cost economics (TCE). In this article the authors extend the transaction cost economics perspective by combining resource-dependency theory (RDT) and TCE, and analyze whether power-dependency structures influence investor's ability to safeguard own specific assets. Data from a survey of 180 industrial purchasing relationships give empirical support to their theoretical predictions. Their empirical findings indicate that both buyer and supplier deploying specific assets in a relationship get less contractual protection of their assets at risk as the dependency of their trading partner increases.

• Reve, Torger (1996)
  Næringsklynger og næringspolitikk

  [Popular Science Article]. Sosialøkonomen, 50(5) , s. 16-20.

• Reve, Torger (1996)
  Eierskap og kapital som konkurransefaktor

  Fagbokforlaget

• Benito, Gabriel R G (1996)
  Ownership structures of Norwegian foreign subsidiaries in manufacturing

  The international trade journal, 10(2) , s. 157-198.

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (1996)
  Professional networks and the introduction of research in the British and the Norwegian pharmaceutical industry in the interwar years

  History & Technology, 13, s. 101-111.

• Reve, Torger; Stokke, Per R & Sævereid, Kjell H (1996)
  Strategier for bedriftsmessig restrukturering

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 12(1) , s. 103-111.

• Benito, Gabriel R G (1996)
  Utenlandsk eierskap i norsk næringsliv

  Eierskap og kapital som konkurransefaktor, , s. 103-122.

• Benito, Gabriel R G (1996)
  Konsekvenser av nasjonalt og utenlandsk eierskap i norsk industri

  Økonomi & politik, 69(1) , s. 33-45.

• Løwendahl, Bente R. & Revang, Øivind (1996)
  Rethinking the metaphors of strategic management

  Rethinking the boundaries of strategy, , s. 163-190.

• Reve, Torger (1996)
  Ulike internasjonaliseringsstrategier

  [Popular Science Article]. Statoil Forum, 1(1) , s. 47-62.

• Stokke, Per Rudolf & Reve, Torger (1996)
  Strategisk analyse: Grunnlaget for praktisk strategiutvikling

  Fagbokforlaget

• Buvik, Arnt & Reve, Torger (1996)
  Allocation of specific assets and vertical coordination in industrial purchasing relationships

  [Report Research]. Stiftelsen for samfunns- og næringslivsforskning

• Bakken, Bent Erik; Wenstøp, Fred Erling & Midtun, Atle (1996)
  Rational, emotional and normfollowing actors and liberal free trade in the Norwegian electricity market

  Human Systems Management, 15(3)

• Andersen, Svein S & Revang, Øivind (1996)
  Nye produkter og tjenester i bankenes personkundemarked: Trender drivkrefter og strategi

  [Report Research]. Handelshøyskolen BI

• Reve, Torger & Nesheim, Torstein (1996)
  Business networks and cooperation

  [Popular Science Article]. Industry Focus Mauritius, , s. 54-59.

• Reve, Torger (1995)
  Kapital og eierskap som konkurransefaktor

  [Popular Science Article]. Folketrygdfondets årsberetning, , s. 28-41.

• Reve, Torger; Stokke, Per R & Lunnan, Randi (1995)
  Retningslinjer for anvendt strategisk analyse

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 11(3) , s. 131-140.

• Reve, Torger & Stokke, Per R (1995)
  Applied competitive strategy analysis in knowledge engineering and information processing

  [Popular Science Article]. Nordic Advanced Information Technology Magazine, 9(1) , s. 4-11.

• Benito, Gabriel R G & Gripsrud, Geir (1995)
  The internationalization process approach to the location of foreign direct investments: An empirical analysis

  The Location of Foreign Direct Investment: Geographic and Business Approaches, , s. 43-58.

• Gripsrud, Geir & Benito, Gabriel R G (1995)
  Promoting imports from developing countries: A marketing perspective

  Journal of Business Research, 32(2) , s. 141-148.

• Andersen, Svein S & Revang, Øivind (1995)
  Teknologibasert samarbeid og kundedrevet konkurranse - Banknæringen i en brytningstid

  [Report Research]. Forskningssenteret BI

• Revang, Øivind & Sørensen, Bjørg Aase (1995)
  Ledelse og management i Norsk sammenheng: historiske betraktninger og fremtidige utfordringer

  Beta – Scandinavian Journal of Business Research, (2) , s. 31-43.

• Reve, Torger & Nesheim, Torstein (1995)
  Networks - The Norwegian Way

  [Popular Science Article]. Network News Australia, 3, s. 10-12.

• Benito, Gabriel R G & Welch, Lawrence S (1994)
  Norwegian companies in Eastern Europe: Past involvement and reaction to recent changes

  The Economics of Change in East and Central Europe: Its Impact on International Business, , s. 221-234.

• Benito, Gabriel R G & Welch, Lawrence S (1994)
  Foreign market servicing: Beyond choice of entry mode

  Journal of International Marketing, 2(2) , s. 7-27.

• Reve, Torger (1994)
  European Industrial Competitiveness

  [Popular Science Article]. MTC Kontakten, , s. 38-42.

• Reve, Torger (1994)
  Toward an Integrative Model of Strategy Development: From dynamnic clusters to core competencies

  Lund University Press

• Amdam, Rolv Petter Storvik (1994)
  Foreign influence on the education of Norwegian business managers before World War II

  Business History, 36(4) , s. 79-94.

• Hvidsten, Harald; Haanæs, Knut, Nordhaug, Odd & Løwendahl, Bente R. (1994)
  Fra planlegging til gjennomføring

  Lillehammer-OL 1994: Kort bakgrunn, , s. 131-152.

• Nordhaug, Odd & Løwendahl, Bente R. (1994)
  OL 1994: Sentrale erfaringer

  Lillehammer-OL 1994: Kort bakgrunn, , s. 337-354.

• Reve, Torger & Selnes, Fred (1994)
  Relasjonsmarkedsføring: Keiserens nye klær?

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 10(2) , s. 61-72.

• Nordhaug, Odd & Løwendahl, Bente R. (1994)
  Olympisk organisering, kompetanse og læring

  Olympisk organisering, kompetanse og læring, , s. 14-22.

• Nordhaug, Odd & Løwendahl, Bente R. (1994)
  En organisasjon underveis

  Lillehammer-OL 1994: Kort bakgrunn, , s. 39-62.

• Nordhaug, Odd & Løwendahl, Bente R. (1994)
  OL-organisasjonen som kompetansesystem

  Lillehammer-OL 1994: Kort bakgrunn, , s. 155-172.

• Nordhaug, Odd & Løwendahl, Bente R. (1994)
  Kompetanse i LOOC

  Lillehammer-OL 1994: Kort bakgrunn, , s. 251-268.

• Hvidsten, Harald; Haanæs, Knut, Nordhaug, Odd & Løwendahl, Bente R. (1994)
  Lillehammer-OL 1994: Kort bakgrunn

  Lillehammer-OL 1994: Kort bakgrunn, , s. 23-35.

• Reve, Torger (1993)
  Et konkurransedyktig Norge: Presentasjon av resultater

  [Popular Science Article]. Sosialøkonomen, 47(3) , s. 3-8.

• Reve, Torger (1993)
  Et konkurransedyktig Norge: Hva har vi lært?

  [Popular Science Article]. SNF Bulletin, 5(1)

• Revang, Øivind (1993)
  Knowledge, skill and information - Some consequences for management and organization design

  Information Management - A Scandinavian Approach, , s. 329-343.

• Reve, Torger & Stokke, Per R (1993)
  Grunnleggende konsepter for konsernstrategi

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 9(4) , s. 5-16.

• Reve, Torger (1993)
  Et konkurrqansedyktig Norge: Presentasjon av resultater

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 9(1) , s. 13-24.

• Revang, Øivind (1993)
  Competitive strategies in the airline industry – Networks gaining synergy from complexity

  Information Management - A Scandinavian Approach, , s. 95-161.

• Revang, Øivind & Bonora, Elda A. (1993)
  A framework for analyzing the storage and protection of knowledge in organizations - strategic implications and structural arrangements

  Implementing Strategic Processes: Change, Learning & Co-Operation, , s. 190-213.

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (1993)
  SAS's Strategic Alliances and Information Management

  Information Culture and Business Performance, , s. 85-103.

• Reve, Torger & Haugland, Sven A. (1993)
  Relational Contracting and Distribution Channel Cohesion

  Journal of Marketing Channels, 2(3) , s. 27-60.

• Løwendahl, Bente & Nordhaug, Odd (1993)
  Olympisk kompetanse: OL-organisasjonen som kompetansesystem (Olympic competence: The Olympic organization as a competence system)

  [Report Research]. LOOC

• Benito, Gabriel R G; Solberg, Carl Arthur & Welch, Lawrence S (1993)
  An exploration of the information behaviour of Norwegian exporters

  International Journal of Information Management, 13(4) , s. 274-286.

• Lorange, Peter; chakravarthy, bala, Roos, Johan & Ven, Andrew Van de (1993)
  Implementing Strategic Processes: Change, Learning & Co-Operation

  Blackwell Publishers

• Lorange, Peter; Chakravarthy, Bala, Roos, Johan & Ven, Adinda Van de (1993)
  Implementing Strategic Processes: Change, Learning and Co-Operation

  Blackwell Publishing

• Strand, Jon; Carlsen, Arne & Wenstøp, Fred (1993)
  Implicit Environmental Costs in Hydroelectric Development: An Analysis of the Norwegian Master Plan for Water Resources

  Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 25(03) , s. 201-2011. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1993.1043

  Vis sammendrag

  The ranking of hydropower projects under the Norwegian Master Plan for Water Resources is used to derive implicit government preferences for a number of environmental attributes described by ordinal scores for each project. We apply ordinal logistic regression to the ranks using the scores of the attributes as explanatory variables. As expected, we find that higher negative scores are generally associated with greater implicit willingness to pay to avoid the environmental damage tied to the attribute, caused by hydropower development. We derive total (ordinary economic and implicit environmental) costs for each project and find that environmental costs per capacity unit generally are lower than economic costs for projects ranked for early exploitation and higher for projects ranked for later development. Our derived implicit long-run marginal cost curve for Norwegian hydropower development is generally upward sloping, but not uniformly so.

• Reve, Torger (1992)
  Bankkrisen i Norge

  [Popular Science Article]. SNF Bulletin, 4(3) , s. 1-5.

• Reve, Torger (1992)
  Konkurranseevne: Fra diamant til kjerne

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 8(1) , s. 23-31.

• Reve, Torger (1992)
  Horizontal and Veerticql Alliances in Industrial Marketing Channels

  JAI Press Ltd

• Benito, Gabriel R G & Gripsrud, Geir (1992)
  The expansion of foreign direct investments: Discrete rational location choices or a cultural learning process?

  Journal of International Business Studies, 23(3) , s. 461-476.

• Reve, Torger & Kalleberg, Arne L. (1992)
  The Organization of Employment relations: Integrating Sociological and Economic Approaches

  Scandinavian Journal of Management, 8(4) , s. 301-319.

• Benito, Gabriel R G & Biong, Harald (1991)
  Handel med Øst-Europa: Norske bedrifters erfaringer

  Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 7(1) , s. 109-117.

• Reve, Torger & Kalleberg, Arne L. (1991)
  "Contracts and Commitment: Economic and Sociological Perspectives on Employment Relations"

  Human Relations, 46(9) , s. 1103-1132.

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (1991)
  Information Management as the Main Component in the Strategy for the 1990s in Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS)

  International Journal of Information Management, 11(3) , s. 185-203.

• Olaisen, Johan & Revang, Øivind (1991)
  The Significance of Information Technology for Service Quality: From Market Segmentation to Individual Service

  International Journal of Service Industry Management, 2(3) , s. 26-47.

• Reve, Torger & Stern, Louis W. (1991)
  Distribution Channels as Political Economies: A Framework for Comparative Analysis

  Prentice Hall

• Hellberg, Bengt Roland & Sannes, Ragnvald (1991)
  Customs clearance and electronic data interchange

  International Journal of Production Economics, (24) , s. 91-101.

• Reve, Torger & Langård, Sverre (1991)
  Gjennomføring av forebyggende helsearbeid i fylkene

  Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet), 111(N-12) , s. 1517-1520.

• Reve, Torger (1990)
  Strategisk analyse

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 6(1) , s. 21-31.

• Reve, Torger (1990)
  The Firm as a Nexus of Internal and External Contracts

  Sage Publications

• Reve, Torger & Bloom, Paul N. (1990)
  Transmitting Signqals to Consumers for Competitive Advantage

  Business Horizons, 33(4) , s. 58-66.

• Revang, Øivind; Sørensen, Bjørg Aase & Vidnes, Lise (1990)
  Utelokalisering, en utfordring til norske ledelsesformer

  [Report Research]. OsloMet - storbyuniversitetet

• Hellberg, Bengt Roland & Sannes, Ragnvald (1990)
  Improvements in Production Economics - Customs Clearance by EDI

  [Report Research]. BI: Arbeidsnotat 1990/16, Bedritsøkonomisk Institutt (BI)

• Reve, Torger & Tronsmo, Per (1988)
  Strategiske snuoperasjoner

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 4, s. 13-21.

• Reve, Torger (1988)
  Entrepreneurship and strategic management: Synergy or antagony?

  Universitetsforlaget

• Reve, Torger (1987)
  Strategi og styring

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 3, s. 110-117.

• Reve, Torger (1986)
  Nettverk og nyskaping

  [Popular Science Article]. NHH Silhuetten, 2(3) , s. 6-9.

• Reve, Torger (1986)
  Fisjon som strategi

  [Popular Science Article]. Praktisk økonomi og ledelse, 2, s. 75-82.

• Reve, Torger (1986)
  Organization for Distribution

  JAI Press Ltd

• Reve, Torger & Stern, Louis W. (1986)
  The Relationship Between Interoganizational Form, Transaction Climate, and Ecionomic Performance in Vertical Intgerfirm Dyads

  Lexington Books

• Reve, Torger & Stern, Louis W. (1985)
  The Political Economy Framework fo Interorganizational Relations, Revisited

  JAI Press Ltd

• Reve, Torger & Levitt, Raymond E. (1984)
  Organization and Governance in Construction

  International Journal of Project Management, 2, s. 17-24.

• Reve, Torger (1983)
  Organisasjon og strategi: Japanske lærdommer

  [Popular Science Article]. Bedriftsøkonomen, 45(5) , s. 228-232.

• Reve, Torger (1983)
  Organisasjonsksultur og ledelse

  [Popular Science Article]. Bedriftsøkonomen, 45(6) , s. 288-291.

• Reve, Torger; Stern, Louis W. & Achrol, Ravi Singh (1983)
  "The Environment of Marketing Channel Dyads: A Framework for Comparative Analysis"

  Journal of Marketing, 47, s. 55-67.

• Reve, Torger & Ulset, Svein (1983)
  Veiledning og ressurssvakhet i foretakssektoren

  Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning (TfS), 24, s. 537-564.

• Reve, Torger (1982)
  Samarbeid og styring i norsk varehandel

  [Popular Science Article]. Bedriftsøkonomen, 44(7) , s. 336-338.

• Reve, Torger & John, George (1982)
  "The Reliability and Validity of Key Informant Data from Dyadic Relationships in Marketing Dyads"

  Journal of Marketing Research, 19, s. 392-415.

• Reve, Torger & Johansen, Egil (1982)
  Samarbeidsstrategier i offshoremarkedet

  [Popular Science Article]. Bedriftsøkonomen, 44(1) , s. 4-10.

• Reve, Torger (1982)
  Distribution Channels as Political Economies

  John Wiley & Sons

• Reve, Torger & Holm, Tore (1982)
  Bedrifters tilpasning ved knapphet på teknisk personell

  [Popular Science Article]. Bedriftsøkonomen, 44(6) , s. 305-309.

• Reve, Torger & Johansen, Egil (1982)
  Organizational Buying in the Offshore Oil Industry

  Industrial Marketing Management, 11, s. 275-282.

• Reve, Torger & Johansen, Egil (1982)
  Offshoremarkedet krever samarbeid - Samarbeid krever organisering

  [Popular Science Article]. Norges Industri, 64(2) , s. 17-19.

• Reve, Torger & John, George (1982)
  The Reliability and Validity of Key Informant Data from Dyadic Relationships in Marketing Channels

  Journal of Marketing Research, 19, s. 395-415.

• Reve, Torger (1981)
  Organisasjon og økonomisk styring

  [Popular Science Article]. Bedriftsøkonomen, 43(3) , s. 122-131.

• Reve, Torger & Stern, Louis W. (1980)
  "Distribution Channels as Political Economies: A Framework for Comparative Analysis"

  Journal of Marketing, 43, s. 52-64.

• Reve, Torger & Stern, Louis W. (1979)
  "Interorganizational Relations in Vertical Marketing Systems"

  Academy of Management Review, 4, s. 405-416.

• Reve, Torger (1974)
  Management Training through Partly Autonomous Study Groups

  Journal of European Industrial Training, 3(2) , s. 130-140.